Vietnam War 1954-1975 North Vietnam South Vietnam Hanoi Gulf of Tonkin Laos Cambodia Thailand China Burma South China Sea.

Vietnam War

1954-1975

North Vietnam

South Vietnam

Hanoi

Gulf of Tonkin

Laos

Cambodia

Thailand

China

Burma

South China Sea

Smart Start: Part One1. What do we already know about Vietnam?

2. What more do we want to know? WHY?

3.Why would Vietnam be classified as one of the turning points in American History?

4.What are some justifiable reasons as to why a country would go to war?

Let’s talk history

Reading on Background of Vietnam

Practice Close Reading Highlight information that you feel is

important In the margins, briefly explain why you

highlighted the information Be ready to discuss

French Control French control Indochina –

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from 1893-1941 (Age of Imperialism)

Japan takes over Indochina during WWII

Japan leaves Indochina in 1945 French want control again: WHY?

The French are backAfter WWII France assumes they

will get their colonies back1946 France sends troops into

Vietnam and gain control of southern half

1950 US enters Vietnam struggle and sends aid to France-WHY?

Primary Source: Vietnamese Account of

Mistreatment at the hands of French Colonial

Officials, 1914

Using historical thinking skills of Contextualization and Close Reading

Presenter on Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh

1930 became leader of the Indochinese Communist Party

During WWII was in Russia and China 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam

and independent state Asked Truman to honor

Atlantic Charter

Read Aloud: Call for the Revolutionary League for the Independence of Vietnam (1941)

Declaration of Independence for

Vietnam1945

VietminhGroup that wants

Vietnam’s independence

Formed in the

North under

Ho Chi Minh

Domino Theory (Read aloud US fears if one country falls to

communism after WWII it will be a domino effect

One country, then the next and so on 1954 Pres Eisenhower explains this

theory on tv 1954 French begin to pull out of

Vietnam after a defeat by the Vietminh http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QP9QDRDLw6c

Stop: Book Reading

Geneva Accords May – July 1954 France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, United

States, China, Cambodia, Laos and the Vietminh

Met in Geneva Switzerland Divide Vietnam at 17th Parallel North Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh – Hanoi South Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem – Saigon Elections to reunite in 1956

Handout on Diem

No Elections

Everyone realizes the communists will win the elections

Therefore the elections aren’t held and the country remains divided

Kennedy sends in military “advisors” to South Vietnam 16,000 (Early 1960’s)

Buddhist protests Diem is Catholic and limits rights of

Buddhists Most of the South believes in

Buddhism Buddhist monks burn themselves in

protest 1963 in the streets of Saigon Diem has hundreds arrested and

Buddhist temples destroyed

President KennedyInaugural Speech : “The Torch Is Passed”

What is the message behind this address?

What is going to be the mission of the JFK administration?

How does this set the tone for 1960s and Vietnam?

Kennedy’s View on Vietnam

Press Conference Statement What is the tone of Kennedy’s voice as

questioned about Vietnam?

Primary Source: One solider sister’s letter to the president..early 1963.

US can no longer support Diem

November 1, 1963US supports a coupOverthrow DiemDiem is executed against Pres

Kennedy’s wishes

Death of a President and its impact on the nation

Reading from textbook Conflict Deepens and fighting the war

Frustration grows

Presenter on Pres. Johnson

Presenter on Gulf of Tonkin

Gulf of Tonkin Johnson fears losing Vietnam South Vietnam is even more

unstable after Diems assassination August 4, 1964 Pres announces

North Vietnamese torpedo boats attached a US destroyer – NV say US ship was conducting a naval raid

US allege a second incident

Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionAugust 7, 1964 Pres Johnson gets

the support of CongressWithout having a formal declaration

of warCongress gives Pres Johnson

broad military powers in VietnamOperation Rolling Thunder –

bombing raids of NV begin

Presenter on Robert McNamara

The Best and the Brightest reading

Presenter on Gen. Westmoreland

General William Westmoreland

US commander in South Vietnam Continued to request more troops Work with ARVIN (Army of the

Republic of Vietnam) South Vietnamese soldiers

War of attrition – gradual wearing down of the enemy by continuous harassment

Video on Pres. Johnson

Reaction so far…Is it fair to placed the entire blame on Vietnam on Johnson?

If you were Johnson, what would you have done?

Be sure to explain your response to both questions.

Smart Start What made Vietnam so difficult to

tackle?

What is meant by a living room war?

How would this play into the difficulties with Vietnam?

Presenter on Weapons and Tactics

North Vietnamese TacticsHit and runAmbushBooby trapsLand minesElaborate tunnel system

connecting villages

US tacticsWar of attritionNapalm – gasoline based

bomb set fire to jungleAgent Orange – leaf killing

toxic chemicalSearch and Destroy

Presenter on Agent Orange and Napalm

Presenter on Landscape Video clip from Forest Gump

List what Forrest Gump encountered when they arrived in Vietnam

Reflect: What do we know so far about

Vietnam? Let’s take a more personal look at how

some Veteran’s experience changed them forever.

Reading Assignment:

Chapter 30: Section 3 (Vietnam years at Home)

Living Room War

Footage of combat appeared on the nightly news

What people saw was not what they were hearing from the government

Youth begin to protest

Media Role in Vietnam

As you listen/watch: take note on how media played a vital role in persuading public opinion of the conflict.

Presenter on Draft and Youth Protests

Draft 18-26 Deferments – medical, join National

Guard, college, marriage 80 % of US soldiers were from

lower economic levels African Americans accounted for

20% of deaths in Vietnam but only made up 10 % of US population

WomenStill non combat7500 army and navy nursesRed CrossUSO – United States

Organization – hospitality and entertainment of troops

ProtestsCollege campusesSit-insMarchesDoves = people that think the

US should withdrawHawks = use all US military

power to defeat North Vietnam

Johnson’s “Peace without Conquest” Speech Questions

1. What is the tone of the speech?

2. Why did Pres. Johnson give this speech? (Provide specific evidence from the speech)

3. Going back to our chart in the beginning, why must we go to war?

March on Washington April 1965 20,000 protestors 1966 Pres Johnson changed college

deferments – had to be in good academic standing

Small number of Vietnam vets protested the war as well

Presenter on the Music Credence Clear Revival “Fortu

nate Son”

Country Joe McDonald “We all gonna die”

Protests Songs

Edward Stanton “War”

Bryds: Turn, Turn, Turn.

8th of November (Big and Rich)

What is the tone

of the song?

What is the

message?

Reaction?

Presenter on the Tet Offensive

Tet Offensive January 30, 1968 Vietnamese New Year

Festival known as the Tet Part of celebration are funeral processions

with firecrackers, flutes Viet Cong hid weapons in coffins 100 South Vietnam cities were surprise

attached and 12 US air bases Went on for over one month VC = 32,000 ARVIN and US = 3000 soldiers

Nation turns on Johnson

After Tet Offensive Johnson’s popularity plummeted

Pres Johnson chooses not to run for reelection March 1968

Handout: Let’s see why the Nation turns

Violence in the US April 4, 1968 MLK, Jr assassinated 100 cities across the US erupted in

violence June 4, 1968 Robert Kennedy

assassinate College campuses continued to

have protests

1968: The year that changed everything

US Democratic Primary in Chicago

Delegates and protesters in Chicago Mayor Daily worried about violence Mobilized 12000 police and 5000

National Guard Protestors put in a park – chaos erupted Police beat protesters with nightsticks

and sprayed them with Mace The whole world watched on TV

Republican Nixon Wins During election campaign promised

to end the war in Vietnam By summer 1969, announced the 1st

US troops would withdraw from Vietnam

Vietnamization – plan to gradually withdraw US troops and the South Vietnamese take on the combat role

Video Clip of Nixon

Presenters on Nixon

Presenter on Secret War

Secret WarNixon ordered massive

bombing raids against supply lines and bases on North Vietnam

Bombed neighboring countries of Laos and Cambodia that had Viet Cong in the area

Presenter on Hmong

If not presenter: Read Article on the Hmong in the Secret War

Reflection

Hmong In mountains of LaosSome side with Viet CongSome side with US CIAUS allies help rescue downed

pilots, plant mines on Ho Chi Minh Trail, set up US air base in Northern Laos, and were pilots themselves

Presenter on Mai Lai Massacre

Mai Lai Massacre March of 1969 Massacre in the paper in

November 1969 Mai Lai small village in North Vietnam No signs of Viet Cong US military rounded up villagers and shot

them – 100 innocent women and children We were following orders 25 officers charged with massacre and cover-

up

Other Masacres

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tQtgo4hKsM&feature=fvsr

Invasion of Cambodia April 30, 1970 Nixon reports US

troops had invaded Cambodia to clear out supplies for Viet Cong

College students erupted in protest

1.5 million on 1200 campuses

Presenter on Kent State and Youth Protests

Kent State In OhioMay 4, 1970National Guard fired on a

crowd of student protestors throwing rocks at them

9 wounded 4 killed

Presenter on Pentagon Papers

Pentagon Papers

Nixon had not told Congress about Cambodia invasion

Nixon lost support December 31, 1970 Congress repealed

the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution June 1971 – former defense employee

7000 pages – plans that US govt never planned to end the war

Article on Pentagon Papers

Read through with a partner not near to where you are sitting

As you read, highlight important facts and details

After you read, go back and in the margins, write in your own words why you chose the detail/fact.

Nixon’s re-election 1972 Watergate – unknown at the time US and Vietnam had been

meeting Talks ended in December 1972 Nixon ordered Christmas

bombings 100000 bombs 11 days 2 cities –

Hanoi and Haiphong

“Peace with Honor”

Handout Examine the essential questions on

the handout as you listen and follow the speech.

Be ready to discuss your perspective of the speech

War is overJanuary 27, 1973 US signed and agreement

ending warNixon promised the use full force

if peace agreement was not keptMarch 29, 1973 last US combat

troops left for US

Nixon leaves office

August 8, 1974 Nixon goes on tv and says he will resign

Nixon admitted no guiltGerald Ford becomes the 38th

Pres of the USA

Fall of SaigonWithin two months the 1973 cease

fire between N and S was brokenMarch 1975 NV launched full scale

invasion of SVAmerica provided money but would

not send troopsApril 30, 1975 NV capture Saigon

and SV surrenders

Presenter on Paris Peace Accords

Presenter on Legacy of the War

Impact of WarUS 58000 killed 365000 woundedSV 1.5 million killedWar in CambodiaHmong that helped US no longer safe in Laos

flee to Thailand3.3 million soldiers PTSD1975 First Hmong refugees arrive in US1982 Vietnam Wall

http://www.diethelmtravel.com/upload/image/Live/P616L1/Indochina_map1.jpg http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/Gallery/parlt-hist/images/grounds-protest-modern.jpg http://www.cannabisculture.com/library/images/uploads/3302-Draft-dogers.jpg http://www.americanheritage.com/xml/2003/3/localassets/innews.jpg www.suburbanchicagonews.com/.../ intro.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1290000/images/_1293925_apnapalm300.jpg http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2003/111-3/agentorange.jpg http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1525000/images/_1527055_protest1963_150ap.jpg http://www.swisscastles.ch/vietnam/photos/cuchi0771-75.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem http://www.hq.usace.army.mil/history/vietnam_diagram.jpg http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.47ipsd.us/westy.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.47ipsd.us/

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