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Page 1: VFD

1 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd.

Page 2: VFD

Futaba Vacuum Fluorescent Display

1. VFD Feature

2. Basic Structure, Principle

3. VFD Specification

4. Power Supply

5. Others

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 2

Page 3: VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 3

Page 4: VFD

VFD Feature

• Self-Luminous Display

• Excellent Readability

• Wide Viewing Angle

• Multi Color

• High Reliability, Long Life Time

• Wide Operating Temperature Range

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 4

Page 5: VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 5

Page 6: VFD

VFD Internal Structure

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 6

Page 7: VFD

VFD Parts

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 7 7

Getter Terminal Lead

Phosphor

Contact lead

Filament Anchor

Front cover

Fraame

Filament

Grid Mesh

Side glass

Page 8: VFD

CIG VFD Structure

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 8

Al Wire

Page 9: VFD

CIG Advantages

• Less Pin number --- Easy to design

Easy to install

• No external Driver --- Smaller PCB Design Space

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 9

19

SYSTEM COMPARISONSYSTEM COMPARISON

VFD conventional system CIG_VFD system

Ef (Vdc)

VFD

Driver IC

Anode(Grid)

Anode(Grid

CPU

GND

12 Vdc

F (-)

GND

5 Vdc

F (+)

GND

CIG_VFD

P

G

N

D

L

G

N

D

V

H

V

D

D

B

K

L

A

T

C

L

K

S

I

CPU

GND

F (-Ef (Vdc)

F (+)

12 Vdc5 Vdc

GND

External driver IC is not required.

The number of wiring can be reduced.

Pin arrangement can be standardized.

PWB design becomes easy.

PWB area can be minimised

PWB cost reduced

PWB assembly simplified

Page 10: VFD

Principle of Basic Operation

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 10 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd.

Anode

On-Segment

Grid

Filament

Electron

Off-Segment

Page 11: VFD

Basic Circuit and Relation of Electrode Potential of Dynamic Drive VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 11

Page 12: VFD

Principl of VFD Operation

anode=on anode=off

Filament (thermal emission)

grid=on

anode=on anode=off

grid=off

Lighting up only when grid and anode are turn on at the same time

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 12

Page 13: VFD

Static Drive

•One grid is individually pinned out

•Always supplied with positive DC voltage

•All anode segments must also individually be pinned out

• Eb(anode) voltage is supplied to each anodes

G

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 13

Page 14: VFD

•Individual pinned out grid for each segment

•Corresponding anode segments are internally connected

•Number of leads reduced

•Lighting up with certain anode & grid combination

1G (n-1)G nG

Dynamic Drive

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 14

Page 15: VFD

Driving Method for Grid and Anode

1G

2G

3G

4G

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

a

c

b

d

g

e

f

1G 3G 4G2G

15 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 15

Page 16: VFD

Internal Structure

anode=on

Filament (thermal emission)

grid FH

GH

FGL

• Wider FGL gap → Luminance down

• Narrower FGL Gap → Luminance up

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 16

Page 17: VFD

AC Drive Structure

• Popular driving method • Center tap power supply for lower cut off voltage

Filament (thermal emission)

grid FH

GH

FGL

F1 F2

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 17

Page 18: VFD

DC Drive Structure

Filament (thermal emission)

grid FH

GH

FGL

- +

For small display only

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 18

Page 19: VFD

Filament Coverage Area Designed temperature area = Graphic area

Limit

Design limit(Ideal temp.)

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 19

Page 20: VFD

Filament Coverage Area

(12.5)

Improper design will be caused dim

(13.5)

Dim

★Out of coverage area →Low temp.→low emission→Dim

Design limit(Ideal temp.)

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 20

Page 21: VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 21

Page 22: VFD

Luminance

1. Home appliance 700、1,000、(1,200)cd/m2

2. Automotive 1,000-3,000cd/m2

3. Luminance is calculated by-

• Internal structure

• Duty cycle

• Driving voltage

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 22

Page 23: VFD

General VFD Specification

Required Voltage/Current for CIG VFD

• Ef Filament Voltage 2.5~5.5V ac or dc

• If Filament Current 100~350mA

• Ek Cut off Bias Voltage 2.0~5V dc

• VH Driver Supply Voltage 12, 20~90Vp-p

• VDD Logic Supply Voltage 3.3 or 5.0Vdc

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 23

Page 24: VFD

Driving Voltage – DIC ½ Duty -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 24

Min. Unit

:Filament Voltage *1 3.51 Vdc

:Driver Supply Voltage *3 22 Vdc

:Logic Supply Voltage *2 4.5 Vdc

:H-Level Input Voltage VDD×0.8 Vdc

:L-Level Input Voltage 0 Vdc

:Cut-off Bias *1 2.0 Vdc

:Duty Factor - 1/ 2.1 -

:Pulse Width - μs

5 μs

:Shift Clock Frequency - MHz

:Operating Temperature -20 ゜C

L レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧

フ ィ ラ メ ン ト 電 圧 3.90Ef

ド ラ イ バ 電 源 電 圧 VH 24

ロ ジ ッ ク 電 源 電 圧

ブ ラ ン ク 幅 :Blanking Width

デ ュ ー テ ィ フ ァ ク タ

動 作 温 度

シ フ ト ク ロ ッ ク 周 波 数 -

95

Topr

パ ル ス 幅

H レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧

カ ッ ト オ フ バ イ ア ス

Du

tp

Typ. Max.

4.29

5.5

5.0

VDD×0.2

VDD

26

+70

5

3.0

Symbol

tblank

fCLK

Ek

VDD

VIH

VIL

項  目      :      Item

Page 25: VFD

Driving Voltage – AIRCON 1/1 Duty -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 25

Min. Unit

:Filament Voltage *1 1.80 Vdc

:Driver Supply Voltage *3 11 Vdc

:Peak Grid Voltage *3 11 Vdc

:Logic Supply Voltage *2 4.5 Vdc

:H-Level Input Voltage VDD×0.8 Vdc

:L-Level Input Voltage 0 Vdc

:Cut-off Bias *1 0.0 Vdc

:Duty Factor - 1/ 1.1 -

:Pulse Width - μs

5 μs

:Shift Clock Frequency - MHz

:Operating Temperature -20 ゜C

項  目      :      Item

tblank

fCLK

Ek

VDD

VIH

VIL

+70

5

0.0

2.20

5.5

VDD×0.2

Du

tp

Symbol

Typ. Max.

パ ル ス 幅

H レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧

カ ッ ト オ フ バ イ ア ス

VDD

動 作 温 度

シ フ ト ク ロ ッ ク 周 波 数 -

95

5.0

せ ん 頭 ク ゙ リ ッ ト ゙ 電 圧

Topr

13

ロ ジ ッ ク 電 源 電 圧

ブ ラ ン ク 幅 :Blanking Width

デ ュ ー テ ィ フ ァ ク タ

ec 12 13

L レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧

フ ィ ラ メ ン ト 電 圧 2.00Ef

ド ラ イ バ 電 源 電 圧 VH 12

Page 26: VFD

Electrical Characteristics - DIC -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 26

項目 :  Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit.

フィラメント電流Filament Current

 Ef =VH=VDD=0

VdcIf 215 239 263 mAdc

ロジック電源電流Logic Supply Current

IDD - - 5.0 mA

IH(AVG) - TBD TBD mA

IH(PEAK) - TBD TBD mA

Hレベル入力電流H-Level Input Current

IIH - - 5 μA

- - -5

-35 -50 -400

グリッド電流Grid Current

 Ef = Vdc

VDD = Vdc

輝度比Luminance Ratiobetween Digits

LmaxLmin

- - 2

cd/m2

Ic/G - TBD TBD mA

L( G. ) 900

L(  ) - cd/m2

Test Condition

 fCLK = 5MHz

ドライバ電源電流Driver Supply Current

3.90

3.90

Lレベル入力電流L-Level Input Current

 全点灯 All Segments on

5.0

 VIN=VDD

 VIN=0V

-1800

μAIIL

SI,CLKLAT

BK

ON

VH

OFF

tp

Ek

Filament

Ef

Page 27: VFD

Electrical Characteristics - AIRCON -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 27

項目 :  Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit.

フィラメント電流Filament Current

 Ef =VH=VDD=0

VdcIf 349 388 427 mAdc

ロジック電源電流Logic Supply Current

IDD - - 5.0 mA

IH(AVG) - 19 32 mA

IH(PEAK) - 20 34 mA

Hレベル入力電流H-Level Input Current

IIH - - 5 μA

- - -5

-35 -50 -400

グリッドドライバ電源電流Grid Current

ec = Vdc

 Ef = Vdc

VDD = Vdc

輝度比Luminance Ratiobetween Digits

LmaxLmin

- - 2

μAIIL

SI,CLKLAT

BK VIN=0V

Test Condition

 fCLK = 5MHz

ドライバ電源電流Driver Supply Current

2.00

2.00

Lレベル入力電流L-Level Input Current

 全点灯 All Segments on

5.0

 VIN=VDD

L(  ) - cd/m2

12

cd/m2

Ic/G - 47 80 mA

L( G. ) 1050 2100

ON

VH

OFF

tp

Ek

Filament

Ef

Page 28: VFD

CIG Function Table 機能表:Function Table

機能Funct ion

記号Symbol

入力/出力Input/Output

シフトレジスタクロックSh ift Register Clock

CLK入力

Input

シリアルデータ入力Serial Data Input

SI入力

Input

ラッチコントロール入力Latch Contro l Input

LAT入力

Input

ドライバ出力ブランキングDriver Output Blanking

BK入力

Input

ロジック電源端子Logic Supp ly Pin

VDD入力

Input

ドライバ電源端子Driver Supp ly Pin

VH入力

Input

ロジックグランド端子Logic GND Pin

LGND入力

Input

パワーグランド端子Power GND Pin

PGND入力

Input

フィラメント端子Filament Pin

F1,F2入力

Input

ノーコネクション

No Connect ion Pin

ノーエクステンド

No Extend Pin

ノーピンNo Pin

NP -

ドライバのための電源端子Power Supp ly p in for Driver Output

NC -ノーコネクションのピンです。There is no connect ion.

NX -ノーコネクションのピンです。There is no connect ion.

内容Descript ion

↑: データシフト↑: Data Sh ift

タイミングチャートを参照See Timing Chart

H : データスルー ↓ : データラッチH : Data through ↓ : Data latch

NP部にはピンはありません。There is no p in .

VHのグランドGND for VH Circu it

フィラメント電圧入力端子Filament Vo ltage input

ロジックのグランドGND for Logic Circu it

L : 出力オン H or Open : 出力オフL : Output ON H or Open : Output OFF

ロジック回路のための電源端子Power Supp ly p in for Logic Circu it

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 28

Page 29: VFD

Ef (Filament voltage)

• EF is important voltage for Quality and Life time

• Target +/- 5% against Typical voltage

• Lower voltage Uneven brightness

• Excess voltage Shorter life time

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 29

Page 30: VFD

Electrode Potential of VFD

Ek:cut off voltage

Ef (AC)

Anode, grid on potential

Anode, grid off potential

15

Ef (DC)

Anode, grid on potential

Anode, grid off potential

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 30

Page 31: VFD

Electrode Potential (AC Ef)

Ef

Ek:cut off voltage

Anode, grid ON potential

(voltage level)

Anode, grid OFF potential

(voltage level)

Eb: anode voltage

Ec: grid voltage

tp (on time per grid)

T (1 scanning time)

Duty = -------------- tp

T

31 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 31

Page 32: VFD

Ek(Cut off bias)

• To prevent ghost lighting.

Cut off by zener diode 1G

2G

3G

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 32

Page 33: VFD

Outer Dimension

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 33

Page 34: VFD

CIG Function Table

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 34

機能Function

記号Symbol

入力/出力Input/Output

シフトレジスタクロックShift Register Clock

CLK入力Input

シリアルデータ入力Serial Data Input

SI入力Input

ラッチコントロール入力Latch Control Input

LAT入力Input

ドライバ出力ブランキングDriver Output Blanking

BK入力Input

ロジック電源端子Logic Supply Pin

VDD入力Input

ドライバ電源端子Driver Supply Pin

VH入力Input

ロジックグランド端子Logic GND Pin

LGND入力Input

パワーグランド端子Power GND Pin

PGND入力Input

フィラメント端子Filament Pin

F+,F-入力Input

ノーエクステンド

No Extend Pin

ノーピンNo Pin

NP -

VHのグランドGND for VH Circuit

フィラメント電圧入力端子Filament Voltage input

NX -ノーコネクションのピンです。

There is no connection.

NP部にはピンはありません。There is no pin.

ロジックのグランドGND for Logic Circuit

内容Description

↑: データシフト↑: Data Shift

タイミングチャートを参照See Timing Chart

H : データスルー ↓ : データラッチH : Data through ↓ : Data latch

L : 出力オン H or Open : 出力オフL : Output ON H or Open : Output OFF

ロジック回路のための電源端子Power Supply pin for Logic Circuit

ドライバのための電源端子Power Supply pin for Driver Output

Page 35: VFD

CIG Block Diagram

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 35

Page 36: VFD

Timing Chart

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 36

Page 37: VFD

AC Characteristics

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 37

Page 38: VFD

Shift Resister Assignment – DIC -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 38

シフトレジスタ割り当て : Shift Register Assignment

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16

R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32

S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32

R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R48

S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 S40 S41 S42 S43 S44 S45 S46 S47 S48

R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 R61 R62 R63 R64

S49 S50 S51 S52 S53 S54 S55 S56 S57 S58 S59 S60 S61 S62 S63 S64

R65 R66 R67 R68 R69 R70 R71 R72 R73 R74 R75 R76 R77 R78 R79 R80

S65 S66 S67 S68 S69 S70 S71 S72 S73 S74 S75 S76 S77 S78 S79 S80

R81 R82 R83 R84 R85 R86 R87 R88 R89 R90 R91 R92 R93 R94 R95 R96

S81 S82 S83 S84 S85 S86 S87 S88 S89 S90 S91 S92 S93 S94 1G 2G

上段Upper Row

下段Lower Row

レジスタRegister No.

割り付けAssignment

NC部は”H”または”L”のいずれでもかまいません。NC, don’t care either “H” or “L”.

IN OUT

R95R94・・・SI R4R3R2R1 R96

Page 39: VFD

Shift Resister Assignment - AIRCON -

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 39

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16

R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32

S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32

R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40

S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 S40

上段Upper Row

下段Lower Row

レジスタRegister No.

割り付けAssignment

NC部は”H”または”L”のいずれでもかまいません。NC, don’t care either “H” or “L”.

IN OUT

R127R126・・・SI R4R3R2R1 R128

Page 40: VFD

Grid Scan Data Protocol

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 40

グリッドスキャンデータ : Grid Scan Data Protocol

1G 2G 3G 4G 5G 6G 7G 8G 9G 10G

H L L L L L L L L L

L H L L L L L L L L

L L H L L L L L L L

L L L H L L L L L L

L L L L H L L L L L

L L L L L H L L L L

L L L L L L H L L L

L L L L L L L H L L

L L L L L L L L H L

L L L L L L L L L HT10 10G

T9 9G

T6 6G

T7 7G

T8 8G

1G

選択グリッド

Grid Select

スキャンタイミング

Grid Scan Timing

T1

2G

T5

T3

T4

3G

4G

グリッドのオン/オフタイミング  ON/OFF timing of Grid

5G

T2

Page 41: VFD

Anode Connection

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 41

Page 42: VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 42

Page 43: VFD

12V Battery Operation

• Basic Connection

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 43

CIG-VFD

Duty 1/1~1/3

CPU CLK

SI

CS

OSC

Vss (GND)

VH (12V)

Vdd (5V)

Vdd

F+ F-

R

BATTERY

R

Page 44: VFD

44

●Battery Operation(12V)

Page 45: VFD

45

Clock +Aircon

● Battery Operation

Display Area

Page 46: VFD

46

SUBARU EXIGA _Car Aircon

● Battery Operation

[Display Area]

Page 47: VFD

47

Toyota Tundra

Aircon

里程表 & 时钟

● Battery Operation

Page 48: VFD

48

SUBARU TRIBECA_Aircon

● Battery Operation

Page 49: VFD

49

● 12V Battery Operation(Aircon) SUZIKI:Aircon

・MITSUBISHI Aircon

Page 50: VFD

50

● 12V Battery Operation(Car Radio)

・DAEWOO

・DAEWOO

Page 51: VFD

51

● 12V Battery Operation(Clock)

・MITSUBISHI

・After Market

Page 52: VFD

52

● 12V Battery Operation(Trip Computer)

・TOYOTA

・KIA MultiMeter

Page 53: VFD

Battery to 24V Operation

• Basic Connection

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 53

CIG-VFD

CPU CLK

SI

CS

OSC

Vss (GND)

VH (12V)

Vdd

F+ F-

R

BATTERY

DC-DC

Converter

VH (24V)

Page 54: VFD

Popular IC for DC-DC Converter

• Home Appliance

TOREX

National Semiconductor LM2588

JRC NJM2360

• Automotive

Linear Technology LT3580

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 54

Page 55: VFD

LT3580 Basic Circuit

Refer to Linear Technology website

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 55

VFB=1.215V

V out Vin

fosc=MHz RT=kHz

VH 24V

12V

Page 56: VFD

Battery to 64,95V Operation

• Basic Connection

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 56

CIG-VFD

CPU CLK

SI

CS

OSC

(GND)

VH (12V)

Vdd

F+ F-

R

BATTERY

DC-DC

Converter

VH (95V)

VH (64V)

(GND)

Page 57: VFD

Multi Output DC-DC Converter

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 57

Diode Charge Pump

http://www.torex.co.jp/english/Data/tips/1-No1_MultiVout%20Diode%20Charge%20Pump.pdf

http://cds.linear.com/docs/Datasheet/3580ff.pdf

Page 58: VFD

DC-DC Converter, OSC frequency

• Need consideration to avoid interference.

• IF 455KHz >600KHz

• AM band 530 - 1600KHz

• Rt=91.9/fosc-1

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 58

Page 59: VFD

DC-DC Converter, LT3580

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 59

Page 60: VFD

References on Surge Stopper & DC-DC Converter

• http://www.linear.com/pc/productDetail.jsp?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1142,C1029,P38400

• http://www.linear.com/pc/viewCategory.jsp

• http://www.njr.co.jp/english/index.html

• http://www.torex.co.jp/english/

• http://semicon.njr.co.jp/njr/hp/top.do

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 60

Page 61: VFD

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 61

Page 62: VFD

Purpose of Filter 1. Improve Contrast

To avoid reflection light

2. Change of color(basic color is Green)

Green to white with pink filer

3. To prevent to see internal metal parts

Transmission ratio

20-40% for automotive

5-20% for home appliance

Filter

Reflected light

Brightness through filter

VFD

Contrast

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 62

Page 63: VFD

Color Modulation

• The color of light can change through the optical filter

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 63

Page 64: VFD

Gray Scale Effect

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 64

Without Gray Scale With Gray Scale

Real Graphic image

3D images Multi Color Type

Normal Type

Page 65: VFD

GP Driving method

Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 65