1 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd.
1 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd.
Futaba Vacuum Fluorescent Display
1. VFD Feature
2. Basic Structure, Principle
3. VFD Specification
4. Power Supply
5. Others
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 2
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 3
VFD Feature
• Self-Luminous Display
• Excellent Readability
• Wide Viewing Angle
• Multi Color
• High Reliability, Long Life Time
• Wide Operating Temperature Range
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 4
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 5
VFD Internal Structure
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 6
VFD Parts
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Getter Terminal Lead
Phosphor
Contact lead
Filament Anchor
Front cover
Fraame
Filament
Grid Mesh
Side glass
CIG VFD Structure
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 8
Al Wire
CIG Advantages
• Less Pin number --- Easy to design
Easy to install
• No external Driver --- Smaller PCB Design Space
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 9
19
SYSTEM COMPARISONSYSTEM COMPARISON
VFD conventional system CIG_VFD system
Ef (Vdc)
VFD
Driver IC
Anode(Grid)
Anode(Grid
CPU
GND
12 Vdc
F (-)
GND
5 Vdc
F (+)
GND
CIG_VFD
P
G
N
D
L
G
N
D
V
H
V
D
D
B
K
L
A
T
C
L
K
S
I
CPU
GND
F (-Ef (Vdc)
F (+)
12 Vdc5 Vdc
GND
External driver IC is not required.
The number of wiring can be reduced.
Pin arrangement can be standardized.
PWB design becomes easy.
PWB area can be minimised
PWB cost reduced
PWB assembly simplified
Principle of Basic Operation
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 10 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd.
Anode
On-Segment
Grid
Filament
Electron
Off-Segment
Basic Circuit and Relation of Electrode Potential of Dynamic Drive VFD
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 11
Principl of VFD Operation
anode=on anode=off
Filament (thermal emission)
grid=on
anode=on anode=off
grid=off
Lighting up only when grid and anode are turn on at the same time
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Static Drive
•One grid is individually pinned out
•Always supplied with positive DC voltage
•All anode segments must also individually be pinned out
• Eb(anode) voltage is supplied to each anodes
G
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 13
•Individual pinned out grid for each segment
•Corresponding anode segments are internally connected
•Number of leads reduced
•Lighting up with certain anode & grid combination
1G (n-1)G nG
Dynamic Drive
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 14
Driving Method for Grid and Anode
1G
2G
3G
4G
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
a
c
b
d
g
e
f
1G 3G 4G2G
15 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 15
Internal Structure
anode=on
Filament (thermal emission)
grid FH
GH
FGL
• Wider FGL gap → Luminance down
• Narrower FGL Gap → Luminance up
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AC Drive Structure
• Popular driving method • Center tap power supply for lower cut off voltage
Filament (thermal emission)
grid FH
GH
FGL
F1 F2
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DC Drive Structure
Filament (thermal emission)
grid FH
GH
FGL
- +
For small display only
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Filament Coverage Area Designed temperature area = Graphic area
Limit
Design limit(Ideal temp.)
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Filament Coverage Area
(12.5)
Improper design will be caused dim
(13.5)
Dim
★Out of coverage area →Low temp.→low emission→Dim
Design limit(Ideal temp.)
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Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 21
Luminance
1. Home appliance 700、1,000、(1,200)cd/m2
2. Automotive 1,000-3,000cd/m2
3. Luminance is calculated by-
• Internal structure
• Duty cycle
• Driving voltage
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 22
General VFD Specification
Required Voltage/Current for CIG VFD
• Ef Filament Voltage 2.5~5.5V ac or dc
• If Filament Current 100~350mA
• Ek Cut off Bias Voltage 2.0~5V dc
• VH Driver Supply Voltage 12, 20~90Vp-p
• VDD Logic Supply Voltage 3.3 or 5.0Vdc
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Driving Voltage – DIC ½ Duty -
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Min. Unit
:Filament Voltage *1 3.51 Vdc
:Driver Supply Voltage *3 22 Vdc
:Logic Supply Voltage *2 4.5 Vdc
:H-Level Input Voltage VDD×0.8 Vdc
:L-Level Input Voltage 0 Vdc
:Cut-off Bias *1 2.0 Vdc
:Duty Factor - 1/ 2.1 -
:Pulse Width - μs
5 μs
:Shift Clock Frequency - MHz
:Operating Temperature -20 ゜C
L レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧
フ ィ ラ メ ン ト 電 圧 3.90Ef
ド ラ イ バ 電 源 電 圧 VH 24
ロ ジ ッ ク 電 源 電 圧
ブ ラ ン ク 幅 :Blanking Width
デ ュ ー テ ィ フ ァ ク タ
動 作 温 度
シ フ ト ク ロ ッ ク 周 波 数 -
-
95
Topr
パ ル ス 幅
H レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧
カ ッ ト オ フ バ イ ア ス
-
Du
tp
-
-
Typ. Max.
4.29
5.5
-
5.0
VDD×0.2
VDD
26
+70
-
5
3.0
-
-
Symbol
tblank
fCLK
Ek
VDD
VIH
VIL
項 目 : Item
Driving Voltage – AIRCON 1/1 Duty -
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 25
Min. Unit
:Filament Voltage *1 1.80 Vdc
:Driver Supply Voltage *3 11 Vdc
:Peak Grid Voltage *3 11 Vdc
:Logic Supply Voltage *2 4.5 Vdc
:H-Level Input Voltage VDD×0.8 Vdc
:L-Level Input Voltage 0 Vdc
:Cut-off Bias *1 0.0 Vdc
:Duty Factor - 1/ 1.1 -
:Pulse Width - μs
5 μs
:Shift Clock Frequency - MHz
:Operating Temperature -20 ゜C
項 目 : Item
tblank
fCLK
Ek
VDD
VIH
VIL
+70
-
5
0.0
-
-
2.20
5.5
VDD×0.2
-
Du
tp
Symbol
-
Typ. Max.
パ ル ス 幅
H レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧
カ ッ ト オ フ バ イ ア ス
VDD
動 作 温 度
シ フ ト ク ロ ッ ク 周 波 数 -
-
95
5.0
-
せ ん 頭 ク ゙ リ ッ ト ゙ 電 圧
Topr
13
ロ ジ ッ ク 電 源 電 圧
-
ブ ラ ン ク 幅 :Blanking Width
デ ュ ー テ ィ フ ァ ク タ
ec 12 13
L レ ベ ル 入 力 電 圧
フ ィ ラ メ ン ト 電 圧 2.00Ef
ド ラ イ バ 電 源 電 圧 VH 12
Electrical Characteristics - DIC -
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 26
項目 : Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit.
フィラメント電流Filament Current
Ef =VH=VDD=0
VdcIf 215 239 263 mAdc
ロジック電源電流Logic Supply Current
IDD - - 5.0 mA
IH(AVG) - TBD TBD mA
IH(PEAK) - TBD TBD mA
Hレベル入力電流H-Level Input Current
IIH - - 5 μA
- - -5
-35 -50 -400
グリッド電流Grid Current
Ef = Vdc
VDD = Vdc
輝度比Luminance Ratiobetween Digits
LmaxLmin
- - 2
cd/m2
Ic/G - TBD TBD mA
L( G. ) 900
L( ) - cd/m2
Test Condition
fCLK = 5MHz
ドライバ電源電流Driver Supply Current
3.90
3.90
Lレベル入力電流L-Level Input Current
全点灯 All Segments on
5.0
VIN=VDD
VIN=0V
-1800
μAIIL
SI,CLKLAT
BK
ON
VH
OFF
tp
Ek
Filament
Ef
Electrical Characteristics - AIRCON -
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 27
項目 : Item Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit.
フィラメント電流Filament Current
Ef =VH=VDD=0
VdcIf 349 388 427 mAdc
ロジック電源電流Logic Supply Current
IDD - - 5.0 mA
IH(AVG) - 19 32 mA
IH(PEAK) - 20 34 mA
Hレベル入力電流H-Level Input Current
IIH - - 5 μA
- - -5
-35 -50 -400
グリッドドライバ電源電流Grid Current
ec = Vdc
Ef = Vdc
VDD = Vdc
輝度比Luminance Ratiobetween Digits
LmaxLmin
- - 2
μAIIL
SI,CLKLAT
BK VIN=0V
Test Condition
fCLK = 5MHz
ドライバ電源電流Driver Supply Current
2.00
2.00
Lレベル入力電流L-Level Input Current
全点灯 All Segments on
5.0
VIN=VDD
L( ) - cd/m2
-
12
cd/m2
Ic/G - 47 80 mA
L( G. ) 1050 2100
ON
VH
OFF
tp
Ek
Filament
Ef
CIG Function Table 機能表:Function Table
機能Funct ion
記号Symbol
入力/出力Input/Output
シフトレジスタクロックSh ift Register Clock
CLK入力
Input
シリアルデータ入力Serial Data Input
SI入力
Input
ラッチコントロール入力Latch Contro l Input
LAT入力
Input
ドライバ出力ブランキングDriver Output Blanking
BK入力
Input
ロジック電源端子Logic Supp ly Pin
VDD入力
Input
ドライバ電源端子Driver Supp ly Pin
VH入力
Input
ロジックグランド端子Logic GND Pin
LGND入力
Input
パワーグランド端子Power GND Pin
PGND入力
Input
フィラメント端子Filament Pin
F1,F2入力
Input
ノーコネクション
No Connect ion Pin
ノーエクステンド
No Extend Pin
ノーピンNo Pin
NP -
ドライバのための電源端子Power Supp ly p in for Driver Output
NC -ノーコネクションのピンです。There is no connect ion.
NX -ノーコネクションのピンです。There is no connect ion.
内容Descript ion
↑: データシフト↑: Data Sh ift
タイミングチャートを参照See Timing Chart
H : データスルー ↓ : データラッチH : Data through ↓ : Data latch
NP部にはピンはありません。There is no p in .
VHのグランドGND for VH Circu it
フィラメント電圧入力端子Filament Vo ltage input
ロジックのグランドGND for Logic Circu it
L : 出力オン H or Open : 出力オフL : Output ON H or Open : Output OFF
ロジック回路のための電源端子Power Supp ly p in for Logic Circu it
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 28
Ef (Filament voltage)
• EF is important voltage for Quality and Life time
• Target +/- 5% against Typical voltage
• Lower voltage Uneven brightness
• Excess voltage Shorter life time
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Electrode Potential of VFD
Ek:cut off voltage
Ef (AC)
Anode, grid on potential
Anode, grid off potential
15
Ef (DC)
Anode, grid on potential
Anode, grid off potential
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 30
Electrode Potential (AC Ef)
Ef
Ek:cut off voltage
Anode, grid ON potential
(voltage level)
Anode, grid OFF potential
(voltage level)
Eb: anode voltage
Ec: grid voltage
tp (on time per grid)
T (1 scanning time)
Duty = -------------- tp
T
31 Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 31
Ek(Cut off bias)
• To prevent ghost lighting.
Cut off by zener diode 1G
2G
3G
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 32
Outer Dimension
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CIG Function Table
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 34
機能Function
記号Symbol
入力/出力Input/Output
シフトレジスタクロックShift Register Clock
CLK入力Input
シリアルデータ入力Serial Data Input
SI入力Input
ラッチコントロール入力Latch Control Input
LAT入力Input
ドライバ出力ブランキングDriver Output Blanking
BK入力Input
ロジック電源端子Logic Supply Pin
VDD入力Input
ドライバ電源端子Driver Supply Pin
VH入力Input
ロジックグランド端子Logic GND Pin
LGND入力Input
パワーグランド端子Power GND Pin
PGND入力Input
フィラメント端子Filament Pin
F+,F-入力Input
ノーエクステンド
No Extend Pin
ノーピンNo Pin
NP -
VHのグランドGND for VH Circuit
フィラメント電圧入力端子Filament Voltage input
NX -ノーコネクションのピンです。
There is no connection.
NP部にはピンはありません。There is no pin.
ロジックのグランドGND for Logic Circuit
内容Description
↑: データシフト↑: Data Shift
タイミングチャートを参照See Timing Chart
H : データスルー ↓ : データラッチH : Data through ↓ : Data latch
L : 出力オン H or Open : 出力オフL : Output ON H or Open : Output OFF
ロジック回路のための電源端子Power Supply pin for Logic Circuit
ドライバのための電源端子Power Supply pin for Driver Output
CIG Block Diagram
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Timing Chart
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 36
AC Characteristics
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 37
Shift Resister Assignment – DIC -
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 38
シフトレジスタ割り当て : Shift Register Assignment
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16
R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32
S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32
R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47 R48
S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 S40 S41 S42 S43 S44 S45 S46 S47 S48
R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56 R57 R58 R59 R60 R61 R62 R63 R64
S49 S50 S51 S52 S53 S54 S55 S56 S57 S58 S59 S60 S61 S62 S63 S64
R65 R66 R67 R68 R69 R70 R71 R72 R73 R74 R75 R76 R77 R78 R79 R80
S65 S66 S67 S68 S69 S70 S71 S72 S73 S74 S75 S76 S77 S78 S79 S80
R81 R82 R83 R84 R85 R86 R87 R88 R89 R90 R91 R92 R93 R94 R95 R96
S81 S82 S83 S84 S85 S86 S87 S88 S89 S90 S91 S92 S93 S94 1G 2G
上段Upper Row
下段Lower Row
レジスタRegister No.
割り付けAssignment
NC部は”H”または”L”のいずれでもかまいません。NC, don’t care either “H” or “L”.
IN OUT
R95R94・・・SI R4R3R2R1 R96
Shift Resister Assignment - AIRCON -
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 39
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16
R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32
S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32
R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40
S33 S34 S35 S36 S37 S38 S39 S40
上段Upper Row
下段Lower Row
レジスタRegister No.
割り付けAssignment
NC部は”H”または”L”のいずれでもかまいません。NC, don’t care either “H” or “L”.
IN OUT
R127R126・・・SI R4R3R2R1 R128
Grid Scan Data Protocol
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 40
グリッドスキャンデータ : Grid Scan Data Protocol
1G 2G 3G 4G 5G 6G 7G 8G 9G 10G
H L L L L L L L L L
L H L L L L L L L L
L L H L L L L L L L
L L L H L L L L L L
L L L L H L L L L L
L L L L L H L L L L
L L L L L L H L L L
L L L L L L L H L L
L L L L L L L L H L
L L L L L L L L L HT10 10G
T9 9G
T6 6G
T7 7G
T8 8G
1G
選択グリッド
Grid Select
スキャンタイミング
Grid Scan Timing
T1
2G
T5
T3
T4
3G
4G
グリッドのオン/オフタイミング ON/OFF timing of Grid
5G
T2
Anode Connection
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12V Battery Operation
• Basic Connection
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 43
CIG-VFD
Duty 1/1~1/3
CPU CLK
SI
CS
OSC
Vss (GND)
VH (12V)
Vdd (5V)
Vdd
F+ F-
R
BATTERY
R
44
●Battery Operation(12V)
45
Clock +Aircon
● Battery Operation
Display Area
46
SUBARU EXIGA _Car Aircon
● Battery Operation
[Display Area]
47
Toyota Tundra
Aircon
里程表 & 时钟
● Battery Operation
48
SUBARU TRIBECA_Aircon
● Battery Operation
49
● 12V Battery Operation(Aircon) SUZIKI:Aircon
・MITSUBISHI Aircon
50
● 12V Battery Operation(Car Radio)
・DAEWOO
・DAEWOO
51
● 12V Battery Operation(Clock)
・MITSUBISHI
・After Market
52
● 12V Battery Operation(Trip Computer)
・TOYOTA
・KIA MultiMeter
Battery to 24V Operation
• Basic Connection
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 53
CIG-VFD
CPU CLK
SI
CS
OSC
Vss (GND)
VH (12V)
Vdd
F+ F-
R
BATTERY
DC-DC
Converter
VH (24V)
Popular IC for DC-DC Converter
• Home Appliance
TOREX
National Semiconductor LM2588
JRC NJM2360
• Automotive
Linear Technology LT3580
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 54
LT3580 Basic Circuit
Refer to Linear Technology website
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 55
VFB=1.215V
V out Vin
fosc=MHz RT=kHz
VH 24V
12V
Battery to 64,95V Operation
• Basic Connection
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 56
CIG-VFD
CPU CLK
SI
CS
OSC
(GND)
VH (12V)
Vdd
F+ F-
R
BATTERY
DC-DC
Converter
VH (95V)
VH (64V)
(GND)
Multi Output DC-DC Converter
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 57
Diode Charge Pump
http://www.torex.co.jp/english/Data/tips/1-No1_MultiVout%20Diode%20Charge%20Pump.pdf
http://cds.linear.com/docs/Datasheet/3580ff.pdf
DC-DC Converter, OSC frequency
• Need consideration to avoid interference.
• IF 455KHz >600KHz
• AM band 530 - 1600KHz
• Rt=91.9/fosc-1
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 58
DC-DC Converter, LT3580
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 59
References on Surge Stopper & DC-DC Converter
• http://www.linear.com/pc/productDetail.jsp?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1142,C1029,P38400
• http://www.linear.com/pc/viewCategory.jsp
• http://www.njr.co.jp/english/index.html
• http://www.torex.co.jp/english/
• http://semicon.njr.co.jp/njr/hp/top.do
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 60
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Purpose of Filter 1. Improve Contrast
To avoid reflection light
2. Change of color(basic color is Green)
Green to white with pink filer
3. To prevent to see internal metal parts
Transmission ratio
20-40% for automotive
5-20% for home appliance
Filter
Reflected light
Brightness through filter
VFD
Contrast
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 62
Color Modulation
• The color of light can change through the optical filter
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Gray Scale Effect
Futaba Denshi Singapore (S) Pte. Ltd. 64
Without Gray Scale With Gray Scale
Real Graphic image
3D images Multi Color Type
Normal Type
GP Driving method
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