Today’s lecture: plant morphology Vegetative morphology Reproductive morphology Growth, development, photosynthesis, support Not involved in sexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Inflorescence = structural arrangement of flowers Reproductive morphology: inflorescences
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Vegetative morphology Reproductive morphologycourses.washington.edu/bot113/spring/LectNotes/2014/week... · 2014. 4. 8. · Reproductive morphology: fruits Once the ovules are fertilized,
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Today’s lecture: plant morphology
Vegetative morphology
Reproductive morphology
Growth, development, photosynthesis, support Not involved in sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Inflorescence = structural arrangement of flowers
Reproductive morphology: inflorescences
Inflorescence = structural arrangement of flowers
Reproductive morphology: inflorescences
Reproductive morphology: flowers
“From top to bottom a plant is all leaf…”
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Flowers as modified shoots
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Metamorphosis of Plants (1790)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, portrait by Luise Seidler, 1811.
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Keith Jones; seasonalwildflowers.com
Floral morphology
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Keith Jones; seasonalwildflowers.com
Floral morphology
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Keith Jones; seasonalwildflowers.com
Floral morphology
… encompasses a wide range of variation
http://130.54.82.4/members/Okuyama/yudai_e.htm
• complete = all four whorls present. • incomplete = one or more whorls missing. • perfect = both reproductive whorls present; bisexual. • imperfect = one reproductive whorl missing; unisexual.
Reproductive morphology: flowers
monoecious = plants with imperfect (unisexual) flowers; both sexes on the same plant. dioecious = plants with imperfect (unisexual) flowers; each sex on a separate plant.
radial symmetry bilateral symmetry
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Floral symmetry
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Fusion like parts: connate; unlike parts: adnate
Ovary superior (hypogynous)
Ovary inferior (epigynous)
Ovary superior (perigynous)
Ovary inferior (epigynous or perigynous)
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Ovary position
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Pistils are composed of carpels
1 carpel = 1 simple pistil
Multiple free carpels = multiple simple pistils
Multiple fused carpels = 1 compound pistil
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Marginal Parietal Axile
Free-central Basal
Placentation
Reproductive morphology: flowers
Reproductive morphology: flowers
fruit = mature ovary; seed = mature ovule
Reproductive morphology: fruits
Once the ovules are fertilized, flowers become fruits.
Gymnosperm = naked seed Angiosperm = clothed seed
Reproductive morphology: fruits
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grasses roses pines ferns lilies daisies
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grasses roses pines ferns lilies daisies
Producing flowers?
Producing fruits?
Fruit summary Simple fruits (from a single flower)
Dry fruits Dehiscent fruits (splitting open, generally many seeded)
follicle: from single carpel, splitting along 1 suture capsule: from multiple carpels, splitting variously
Indehiscent fruits (not splitting open, generally single seeded)
achene: from single carpel, single seeded samara: winged achene nut: from multiple carpels, single seeded, fruit walls are thick, bony schizocarp: from multiple carpels, splitting into 1-seeded segments
Fleshy fruits
drupe: from single carpel, single seeded berry: from multiple carpels, many seeded
Aggregate fruits (from multiple separate carpels of one flower) e.g.: strawberry –aggregate of achenes magnolia fruit –aggregate of follicles blackberry –aggregate of drupelets Multiple fruits (from multiple separate flowers) e.g.: pineapple