Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up The User Experience from 30,000ft #comp33512 Week 05 – Lectures 09/10 Simon Harper University of Manchester Semester 2 – 2013/14 last update: February 25, 2014 The User Experience from 30,000ft 1 / 26
Efficient47 use or usability48. To my way of thinking both terms mean the same thing, and in reality were going to be talking about usability. However, you should be thinking of usability in more general terms; the more general terms of efficient use. This is because the concept of usability is much broader than the narrow confines of ‘Task Completion Time’ it is often associated with [9241-100:2011, 2011] usability, in the context of UX, seems to be simple but in reality can be quite taxing. Complex computerised systems and interfaces are becoming increasingly widespread in everyday usage, components of computerised systems are embedded into many commercial appliances. Indeed, the miniaturisation of computerised systems, often found in mobile telephones and personal digital assistants, is on the increase.
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
The User Experience
from 30,000ft#comp33512
Week 05 – Lectures 09/10
Simon Harper
University of Manchester
Semester 2 – 2013/14
last update: February 25, 2014
The User Experience from 30,000ft 1 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
UX Pop Quiz
1. Give an example of why Accessibility is for everyone.
2. What is your view regarding ‘Combinatorial Impairment’ ?
3. Pick an interface bridge and describe it.
4. What is the relationship between effective and accessible
design?
5. What are the five main principles of effective design?
The User Experience from 30,000ft 2 / 26
...expanded in on pg. ??.
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Efficient Experience
Efficient, adj. and n.
“Productive of effects; effective; adequately operative. The cause
which makes effects to be what they are (esp. of a system or
machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted
effort or expense” OED – 1787 J. Barlow Oration July 4th.
Why Not Just Usability?
Think of usability in more general terms; the more general terms
of efficient use. The concept of usability is much broader than
the narrow confines of it is often associated with.
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 3 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Efficient Experience
Efficient, adj. and n.
“Productive of effects; effective; adequately operative. The cause
which makes effects to be what they are (esp. of a system or
machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted
effort or expense” OED – 1787 J. Barlow Oration July 4th.
Why Not Just Usability?
Think of usability in more general terms; the more general terms
of efficient use. The concept of usability is much broader than
the narrow confines of it is often associated with.
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Efficiency is for Everyone...
Figure: ‘Nest Learning Thermostat’
Figure: ‘Modern Thermostat’
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 4 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Efficiency is for Everyone...
Figure: ‘Nest Thermostat Control’
Figure: ‘Modern Thermostat’
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Consensus on Meaning
Relationship of UX, ergonomics, or human factors to
usability
1. Some think of usability ‘. . . as the software specialisation of
the larger topic of ergonomics’;
2. Others view topics as tangential, with ergonomics focusing
on physiological matters, and usability focusing on
psychological matters; but
3. Experts have written separate, but overlapping, frameworks
for aspects of usability which should be taken into account
when designing and building systems interfaces.
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Universal Design and Design for All!
‘Universality’ suggests
...to most UXers and engineers that the solutions they come up
with must best fit most of the population most of the time.
Many organisations follow the viewpoint that universal usability
means design-for-all.
“A focus on designing products so that they are usable by the
widest range of people operating in the widest range of situations
as is commercially practical”
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 6 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Universal Design and Design for All!
‘Universality’ suggests
...to most UXers and engineers that the solutions they come up
with must best fit most of the population most of the time.
Many organisations follow the viewpoint that universal usability
means design-for-all.
“Thus, universal usability is more a function of keeping all of the
people and all of the situations in mind and trying to create a
product which is as flexible as commercially practical, so that it
can accommodate the different users and situations.”
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 6 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Universal Design and Design for All!
My Unconventional View
I By trying to address all user needs in one design the
technologist is apt to address none;
I Making software usable is not just about a utilitarian view of
software use, it is also about the personal choice of the user;
I Greater flexibility and configurability of both interfaces and
interactions are the solution.
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 7 / 26
...expanded in: S. Harper. Is There Design-For-All? Universal Access in the Information Society, 6(1):111–113, 2007.
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Usability Models
The Human Processor Model –Card, Moran, & Newell
I Calculate how long it takes to perform a certain task;
I Experimental times to calculate cognitive and motor
processing time;
I Allows a system designer to predict the performance;
I Uses the cognitive, perceptual, and motor processors along
with the visual image, working memory, and long term
memory stores;
I Each processor has a cycle time and each memory has a
decay time;
I Combining input pathways with cycle or decay times allows
task completion time can be calculated; but...
...not very accurate, too many variables / confounding variables.
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Usability Models
GOMS –Card, Moran, & Newell
Goals are what the user intends to accomplish;
Operators are actions that are performed to get to the goal;
Methods are sequences of operators that accomplish a goal; and
Selection rules are used to choose a from multiple methods.
I Specialisation of HPM;
I Reductionist - reduces a user’s interaction with a computer
to their primary actions;
I Trying to reduce number of possible variables / confounding
variables; but...
...expects users to follow logical routines and is not resilient to
user unpredictability.
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 10 / 26
...from: Richards, Bellamy, John, Swart, Thomas (2010) Using CogTool to Model Programming Tasks.Presented at the Psychology of Programming Work in Progress Workshop, Dundee, Scotland.
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 10 / 26
...from: Richards, Bellamy, John, Swart, Thomas (2010) Using CogTool to Model Programming Tasks.Presented at the Psychology of Programming Work in Progress Workshop, Dundee, Scotland.
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
The User Experience from 30,000ft Efficient Experience 10 / 26
...from: Richards, Bellamy, John, Swart, Thomas (2010) Using CogTool to Model Programming Tasks.Presented at the Psychology of Programming Work in Progress Workshop, Dundee, Scotland.
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Collated Usability Principles, Guidelines, and Rules
The User Experience from 30,000ft Collated Principles 11 / 26
Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Collated Usability Principles, Guidelines, and Rules
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Collated Usability Principles, Guidelines, and Rules
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up
Potted Principles
‘Stability’ Are the interactions stable?
‘Scalability’ Does the interface and its data scale?
‘Simplicity’ Is interface and interaction simplicity
encouraged?
‘Situational Awareness’ Is perception of the interface facilitate decision
making?
‘Self-Description’ Does your system describe itself to the user?
‘Progressive Disclosure’ Are the interface options presented a step at a
time?
‘Familiarity’ Is your system us ‘intuitive’ ?
‘Learnability’ Are the interactions easy to learn?
‘Consistency’ Does your system exhibit internal and external
(OS) constancy?
‘Robustness’ Is the system robust to errors?
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Efficient Experience Collated Principles Break! Potted Principles Wrapping Up