Dynamics of Korean Society: A Psychological look By Gyuseog Han ph.D Chonnam Nat. University, Gwangju, S.Korea Visiting Professor at USM Special Lecture, Pusat Pangajian Ilmu Pendidikan, USM, Penang, Malaysia, 17, September, 2013. Chonnam National University, S.Korea
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Dynamics of Korean Society: A Psychological look
By Gyuseog Han ph.D
Chonnam Nat. University, Gwangju, S.Korea
Visiting Professor at USM
Special Lecture, Pusat Pangajian Ilmu Pendidikan, USM, Penang, Malaysia,
17, September, 2013.
Chonnam National University, S.Korea
Chonnam National University, S.Korea
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• Few Facts about South Korea – 50 million people – 99% literacy (98% highschool grad rate.) – 80% Tertiary education (2004, 20%-1970) – Two presidents with no background – Republic government since 1948.
Chonnam National University, S.Korea
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Presenter
Presentation Notes
안녕들 하신지요? 무더위도 다 가고 이제 추석을 맞는군요. 새학기가 시작한지라 분주하시리라 여깁니다. 저는 지난 달 중순에 브리즈번 생활을 정리하고 이곳 말레이시아 페낭으로 옮겨 와서 혼자 생활하고 있습니다. 쿠알라룸푸르에서 350키로 북쪽으로 떨어진 곳인데, 섬이지만 연육교가 되어 있어 통행이 분주합니다. 이곳 풍수가 좋아서 중국사람들이 50%를 넘습니다. 말레이지아에서 가장 잘 사는 주이고, 인구밀도가 높은 지역입니다. 관광지라고 하지만 이렇다하게 볼 만한 것은 별로 안보입니다. 제가 와있는 USM 은 말레이지아에서 으뜸가는 연구중심대학이라, 연구지원시설은 잘 되어있다고 여겨집니다. 대학원생 교육도 내실있게 이루어지는 느낌을 받습니다. 교수들에게 가해지는 연구압력도 상당한 것 같더군요. 저는 사범대학에 방문교수로 와서 방을 하나 받아서 혼자 쓰고 있습니다. 캠퍼스가 아름답습니다. 이슬람 사원이 있어서 하루에 5번 기도 알림도 빠짐없이 퍼지고 있고, 술 마실 수 있는 술집은 아직 보지 못했습니다. 물가가 싸서 지내기에 부담이 없는 점도 좋은 점입니다. 다름 아니라 아래 글을 보시면 아시겠지만, 작년에 우리학교에 국제여름학교에 강의를 하고 간 폴란드 대학의 표토르 교수가 보내 온 편지입니다. 올해에도 그 분이 있는 기관(polish academy of science)에서 있는 교수가 전남대에 와서 강의를 하고 갔다고 알고 있습니다. 그쪽과 여러 형태의 교류를 진행하면 우리로서 나쁠일은 없다고 봅니다. 구체적으로 어떤 협력관계를 맺어가면 좋을지 선생님들께서 의견을 나누어 보시고 알려주시면 좋겠습니다. 늘 건강히 지내시고, 추석 잘 보내시기 바라겠습니다.
Chonnam National University, S.Korea
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GNP $67 (1953)
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$27800 (2006)
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contents • Psychological profiles of Korean people
– Hofstede dimensions – Comparative sense
• Characteristics of Korean society – Homogeneity – Collectivistic
• Understanding Korean psychology – Self – Relationships
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Culture Profiles http://www.geert-
hofstede.com/hofstede_south_korea.shtml
• Geert Hofstede (2005) analyzed 93 countries.
• 4 dimensions – Individualism/collectivism: priority given to ind. or collective – Power distance: hierarchy, inequality of power granted or
equality – Masculine/feminine: masculine value
(competition/achievement) vs. feminine value (caring) – Uncertainty avoidance: certainty is valued and sought (high
rule seeking) vs ambiguity accepted # Long term orientation: time perspective is long/short
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PDI: Kor < Mal IND: similarly Col Mas: similarly femin UAI: Kor > Mal
Characteristics of Korean society • Homogenous:
– 97% Korean ethnics – 284 family names tot: top 20
names 78% pop. – Common language/ one
unique letter system (Hangul) invented 1443 AD
– 5000 years of history – One nation state since 676
AD for 1500 years (36 yrs of Japan colony 1910-45)
– No caste system Chonnam National University,
S.Korea 10
Strong Collective Identity
High comparabili
ty
High conformity
High Competition
• Collectivistic society – Agricultural, Confucianism – Harmony with ingroup
others/ environments
– Fit in vs. Control over
– Cultivating self • View of incremental self vs.
entity self
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We-ness: We > I
Public self > private self
Self-consistency & Culture
• Rate yourself on each of the following items using a scale 1(not at all) ~7(very much). Honest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Friendly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dominant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
• Rate urself again now when u are with your friends (professor, parents..) Honest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Friendly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dominant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Self consistency in US & Korea: Suh (2002). US data
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Identity consistency. To obtain an index of the participant’s identity consistency (IC) level, I first asked each person to rate how accurately 25 personality traits described his or her “general self” on a scale ranging from 1 (not at all like myself) to 7 (very much like myself). After completing a number of filler measures, the participants rated themselves again on these same 25 personality traits. In this second round, each personality trait was randomly paired with a specific interaction partner. For instance, one item read, “When I interact with my parents, I am talkative.” The participant rated how accurately each of the 100 situation-specific statements (25 traits 4 interaction partners) described them. The 25 adjectives consisted of positive (e.g., cheerful), neutral (e.g., serious), and negative (e.g., cynical) personality characteristics
Korean data
Why such difference in self consistency?
– Is it OK to be inconsistent in US?
Theory of self-theories by Dweck 02
• Incremental self theory:
• Entity self theory:
What self theory u have influence education! Choice of subject: like or need Attitude toward schooling
East Asians and Westerners (Heine, )
500
600
700
800
Canada Japan
Success
Failure
Presenter
Presentation Notes
Canadian worked longer after success (want to do work they do well: promotion focus) while Japanese worked longer after failure (want to work on task they don’t do well: prevention focus) Self-enhancing motive (promotion focus) is more prominent in West Face & self-improving motive (prevention focus) is more prominent in East Asia. Why self-enhancing in West? Childhood socialization (W uses success stories, E-failure stories) Emergence of individual salvation and protestantism of predestination (to heaven) I have to be good to be the member of elect (heaven group).
Korean Woori (We-ness) • Relationships over individualities
– Nothing to hide sharing encouraged – Individuality deemphasized
• cheong (情, intimacy, relational attachment) • Maum based exchange
– Quasi-cheong (유사 정) interactions “Look at me once, please!”
– Cheong-oriented interactions
Chusok hometown visit
I vs. We worldview • ‘My mother’, ‘Our mother’ • ‘my wife’, ‘our wife’
• Incorrect grammartically?
– Whose grammar?
• The practice reflects cultural worldview.
Intrinsic motivation and culture
Ivengar & Leppe(99)r: East Asian children vs. White
Computer game icon chosen by Experimenter, Mother, or Self
Chung(94). Korean Primary Children task reward to Mom, Self, no reward.