“ “ Information is not Information is not instruction." it has instruction." it has always been too easy to always been too easy to become enamored with the become enamored with the "technology" portion of "technology" portion of technology-based training technology-based training - at the expense of proper - at the expense of proper design and learning design and learning outcomes. outcomes.
“Information is not instruction." it has always been too easy to become enamored with the "technology" portion of technology-based training - at the expense of proper design and learning outcomes. David Merrill. Using Technology to Foster Instruction:. Structuring Opportunities to Learn. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
““Information is not Information is not instruction." it has always instruction." it has always been too easy to become been too easy to become enamored with the enamored with the "technology" portion of "technology" portion of technology-based training - technology-based training - at the expense of proper at the expense of proper design and learning design and learning outcomes.outcomes.
David MerrillDavid Merrill
Using TechnologyUsing Technology to Foster to Foster Instruction:Instruction:
Structuring Opportunities to LearnStructuring Opportunities to Learn
Premise Premise
Instruction involves a two way Instruction involves a two way process to communicate information and process to communicate information and establish expectations of performance!establish expectations of performance!
Start hereStart hereStart here
Instruction as communicationInstruction as communication
What important elements were What important elements were missing that would have ensured missing that would have ensured more effective communication?more effective communication?
QuestionsQuestionsPoints of referencePoints of reference
Instruction as identification of Instruction as identification of outcome performanceoutcome performance
What important elements were What important elements were missing that would have ensured missing that would have ensured optimum performance?optimum performance?
QuestionsQuestionsPoints of referencePoints of referencePurposePurpose
Preparing the student for learningPreparing the student for learning
Response GuidanceResponse Guidance
The process whereby one helps to The process whereby one helps to prepare the prepare the learner for performance learner for performance or comprehensionor comprehension
Formative FeedbackFormative Feedback
The process of ongoing feedback on The process of ongoing feedback on the level ofthe level of student student performance and comprehensionperformance and comprehension
How might we use technology to support How might we use technology to support this process?this process?
~~
Which of the following activities Which of the following activities would be an example of response would be an example of response guidance?guidance?
a)a) Providing relevant examples of the Providing relevant examples of the concept being discussedconcept being discussed
b)b) A classroom pencil and paper quizA classroom pencil and paper quiz
c)c) A final examA final exam
d)d) A written assignmentA written assignment
Which of the following would be an Which of the following would be an example of formative feedback in example of formative feedback in instructioninstruction
a)a) An in class or on line discussionAn in class or on line discussion
b)b) A mid term examA mid term exam
c)c) A take home assignmentA take home assignment
d)d) A hypothetical question to stimulate A hypothetical question to stimulate thinkingthinking
The communication exercise we did earlier is an example of a
1. Formative feedback exercise
2. Response guidance exercise
3. Exercise of futility
4. Aerobic exercise
Concept/ Skill Formation
0
20
40
60
80
100
Instruction Event
Cont
ent/
Pac
e
Teacher Student
Michael Orme , U of T
Concept/ Skill Formation
0
20
40
60
80
100
Instruction Event
Cont
ent/P
ace
Teacher Student
Critical Learning PointsCritical Learning Points
What elements in your course design address What elements in your course design address these critical learning points?these critical learning points?
Instructional Resources for Entry LevelInstructional Resources for Entry Level
PowerpointPowerpoint
WebsiteWebsite
TextbookTextbook
HomeworkHomework
Student enters at higher competency level
Introduction
Faculty
Outline
Due dates
Links
Fred
Curriculum
Home
Concept/ Skill Formation
0
20
40
60
80
100
Instruction Event
Cont
ent/
Pace
Teacher Student
Instructional ResourcesInstructional Resources
PowerpointPowerpoint
WebsiteWebsiteResources were more to support Resources were more to support my teaching than student my teaching than student learning.learning.I was better able to present the I was better able to present the information but…..information but…..Information is not instructionInformation is not instruction
4. Prediction4. Prediction- What if………- What if………
* These processes do not occur as the final outcome of * These processes do not occur as the final outcome of accumulated informationaccumulated information
Organizing content of Web Sites, Presentations, Organizing content of Web Sites, Presentations, Discussions Discussions
Concept/ Skill Formation
0
20
40
60
80
100
Instruction Event
Cont
ent/P
ace
Teacher Student
Critical Learning PointsCritical Learning Points
Recommitment PhaseRecommitment Phase
Concept/ Skill Formation
0
20
40
60
80
100
Instruction Event
Com
pete
ncy/
Pace
Teacher Student
Outcomes when student marginalizes Outcomes when student marginalizes instructioninstruction
And when instructor does not maximize And when instructor does not maximize instructioninstruction
Using Technology to prepare the student Using Technology to prepare the student for learningfor learning
Response GuidanceResponse Guidance
WebsiteWebsitePowerpointPowerpointParticipating in Discussion Participating in Discussion
ThreadsThreadsProbesProbesAV SupportAV SupportPresentations – computer or Presentations – computer or
oraloralGuest speakersGuest speakers
* Key is to provide elaboration of concept * Key is to provide elaboration of concept or skill and establishment of standard for or skill and establishment of standard for the learner the learner
Using Technology to prepare the student for Using Technology to prepare the student for learninglearning Formative FeedbackFormative Feedback
* Key is to generate information concerning * Key is to generate information concerning the level of student comprehension and the level of student comprehension and performance.performance.