Using Energy All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy. Where do dogs get their glucose? THEIR FOOD Where do plants get their.

Using Energy

• All living things must be able to break down glucose to produce energy.

Where do dogs get their glucose?

THEIR FOOD

Where do plants get their glucose?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Okay, so you’ve eaten a good meal & there’s plenty of glucose in your body. Is this energy ready to be used?

NOYour body needs to convert glucose into a form of

energy that it can use.

Remember! ATP is the form of energy that your body can use, so glucose needs to be converted into ATP!

Glucose ATP

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation

Cellular Respiration

• The process of converting stored energy (glucose) into energy the cell can use (ATP)

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Oxygen + Glucose Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

GLUCOSE( C6H12O6 )

OSE12O6 )

GLUC ( C6H

OSE12O6 )

GLUC ( C6H

OSE12O6 )

GLUC ( C6H

ENERGYATP

(Adenosine Triphosphate)

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport

Chain

Fermentation

If Oxygen is

Available

If No Oxygen is Available

CR begins with Glycolysis.

If oxygen is available, the next step is the Krebs Cycle & ETC.

If no oxygen is available, the next

step is fermentation.

Glycolysis

1. The process by which glucose molecules are split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules while in the cytoplasm; 2 ATP are produced

2 pyruvic acid molecules

Glycolysis

• The pyruvic acid may enter the mitochondria & complete aerobic respiration…

OR• It can remain in the cytoplasm & undergo anaerobic

respiration.

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

If Oxygen is

Available

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic Respiration (Oxygen Available)

2. The pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria & enters the Krebs Cycle.

3. During the Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP are produced as well as 2 electron carrying molecules (NADH & FADH2).– NADH & FADH2 carry

excited electrons.

KREBS CYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

CO2 is also produced as a byproduct of the Krebs Cycle!

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport

Chain

If Oxygen is

Available

Aerobic Respiration

4. Electron Transport Chain: energized electrons are moved through the electron transport chain, generating 32 ATP.

The ETC takes place in the membranes of the mitochondria. The electrons are carried through the ETC by proteins, which generates ATP.

The energy from the electrons causes hydrogen ions (H+) to flow through the mitochondrial membrane.

The flow of H+ ions drives ATP Synthase, which produces ATP.

Aerobic Respiration

5. Lastly, O2 accepts the used electrons & forms H2O & some energy is lost as heat.

KREBS CYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

Where does glycolysis take place?

A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast

Cytoplasm!

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast

Mitochondria!

Where does the Electron Transport Chain take place?

A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast

Mitochondria!

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

• Step 1 – Glycolysis, 2 ATP produced

• Step 2 – Krebs Cycle, 2 ATP produced

• Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain, 32 ATP produced

36 ATP produced TOTAL!

Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Fermentation

If No Oxygen is Available

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

• Occurs if NO oxygen is available!

• 2 types of fermentation could occur:– Lactic Acid Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into lactic

acid– Alcoholic Fermentation: pyruvic acid turns into ethyl

alcohol

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Occurs in muscle cells– Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles, which causes pain &

soreness.

• Also used by bacteria, which are used in food production (yogurt, sourdough bread, pickles, etc.)

Alcoholic Fermentation

• Yeast & other microorganisms perform this.– Carbon dioxide is a byproduct. – Used to help us make bread (CO2 makes the bread rise) &

wine.

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

A. MitochondriaB. CytoplasmC. NucleusD. Chloroplast

Cytoplasm!

Which pathway produces more ATP?

A. Aerobic RespirationB. Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic! Aerobic produces 36 ATP,

while anaerobic only produces 2 ATP.