Creating A Nation. Converging Cultures. Chapter One.
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- 1. Creating A Nation. Converging Cultures. Chapter One.
- 2. The Earliest Americans.
- Early American civilizations:
- Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Anasazi.
- Native American groups in New World were/are VERY culturally diverse!
- These groups were present from 1500 B.C.
- 3. European Explorations.
- Leif Ericsson. 1000 A.D.
- Columbus. 1492.
- Cortes. 1521. Aztecs.
- Pizarro. 1532. Incas.
- Pounce de Leon, Coronado, and Desoto.
- 4. Cultural Changes.
- Both Native Americans and Europeans Began to share parts of each others culture.
- Tools, food, hunting/farming methods, and technology.
- Diseases, introduced by the Europeans, hurt the Native Americans badly.
- 5. Early French/English Settlements.
- New France-New Orleans up to 1/3 of the present U.S.A.
- Jamestown-1607. This was a Joint-stock company.
- House of Burgesses-1619.
- Pilgrams-1620. Puritans pushed out of England.
- 6. New England Colonies.
- Puritan religious intolerance lead to other settlements.
- Roger Williams, Ann Hutchinson, and Thomas Hooker were forced to leave.
- New England economy based and shipping and commerce.
- 7. Middle Colonies.
- Settled by Dutch first-1609.
- William Penn created Pennsylvania in 1681.
- Economy based on farming.
- 8. Southern Colonies.
- George Calvert started the Maryland colony for Catholics-1630.
- James Oglethorpe created the Georgia colony in 1733 for debtors in English prisons.
- 9. Triangular Trade-Growth of the colonies.
- Colonies--England--Caribbean, and Africa.
- Slave codes: No property, education, moving freely, or meeting in large groups.
- 10. Women and Jews.
- Both these groups also do not have have equal rights with white males.
- This discrimination would last for another 350 years.
- 11. Dissent And Independence.
- Mercantilism: Export/Sell more good than you import.
- Mercantilism lead to colonies. Why?
- Navigation Act 1663. Stop over in England to pay taxes?
- This lead to lots of smuggling by colonists!
- 12. Glorious Revolution-1688.
- Mary and William Orange installed by Parliament as King.
- They had to swear to abide by the English Bill of Rights.
- What happened to Divine Rights Of Kings?
- 13. John Locke-1690.
- People are BORN with certain natural rights.
- Life, liberty, and property.
- Kings right to rule came from the PEOPLE!
- Social Contract.
- Locke had to leave England.
- 14. The Enlightenment.
- Locke was a part of The Enlightenment.
- Enlightenment period: It supported reason, logic, and science as the way to learn the truth.
- It supported democratic ideas and human rights.
- 15. Rousseau-Montesquieu.1700s.
- Rousseau also had a Social Contract, BUT he stated that the people should pick the ruler.
- Montesquieu added to this with the idea of having THREE branches of government.
- 16. Great Awakening.
- New protestant religions were created during the 1700s.
- Baptists welcomed slaves and and considered slavery evil.
- 17. Salutary Or Benign Neglect. For four hundred years England paid littler or no attention to the colonies. Why?
- 18. Growing Rebelliousness.
- French-Indian War-1763.
- War between England and France that was fought all over the world, including North America.
- 19. French-Indian War Fall Out.
- England in heavy debt because of war.
- England wants the colonists to pay taxes to help pay the debt.
- Is this fair?
- Have the colonist EVER paid taxes?
- 20. Unpopular Regulations/Actions By England.
- Proclamation Act of 1763. See page 113.
- Stamp Act-1765.
- Stamp Act Congress.
- No taxation without representation.
- S.A. repealed in 1766.
- 21. Townshend Acts.
- New taxes on imported goods such as tea.
- Boston Massacre. Five colonist were shot and killed by British soldiers during a riot.
- The Committees Of Correspondence stirred up the killings as a Massacre.
- 22. Boston Tea Party-1775.
- Parliament gives English tea traders a MONOPOLY to sell tea to the colonists.
- What happens to the colonial tea traders?
- Bostonians dress up like Native Americans and dump the tea into bay.
- 23. Coercive Acts-1774.
- Boston tea party caused the Brits to do these actions:
- Closed Boston Harbor.
- Put British soldiers in private homes.
- Revoked Mass. Charter and the right of self government.
- 24. Revolution Begins.
- Lexington and Concord is where the first blood was spilled. Over two hundred British soldiers are shot by Minutemen. 1776.
- George Washington made top general of colonial troops.
- Victory at Yorktown-1781.
- 25. The Constitution.
- Framers chose a republic.
- First government was called the Articles of Confederation. WEAK!
- It was made weak by design. Why?
- Northwest Ordinance and Land Ordinance Acts of 1787-Successful.
- 26. Shays Rebellion.
- Economic depression forced farmers to take-up arms.
- Farmers didnt want to lose their farms.
- Shays Rebellion ALMOST topples the A.O.C. government.
- A bunch of farmers?
- 27. Debate And Compromise.
- Great Compromise/Big State-Small State Compromise.
- Three-Fifths Compromise.
- Commerce Compromise.
- Electoral College Compromise.
- 28. Common Agreement.
- Popular Sovereignty.
- Federalism.
- Separation of powers.
- Checks and balances.
- Amendments-Formal changes.
- Electoral College.
- 29. Debating The Constitution.
- Federalists-Pro Constitution-Hamilton, Adams, John Jay, and Washington.
- Anti-Federalists-Jefferson, Thomas Paine.
- Bill Of Rights broke the log jam.
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