World War One. Chapter Six. European countries are industrialized and wealthy. They can support large armies and navies. They are also in a race for over seas colonies. Nationalism is at an all time high. European’s mistrust and hate each other a lot.
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World War One.Chapter Six.
European countries are industrialized and wealthy.
They can support large armies and navies.
They are also in a race for over seas colonies.
Nationalism is at an all time high.
European’s mistrust and hate each other a lot.
Naval Race.
• England and Germany engaged in a race to build battleships.
• This arms race cost millions and created fear.
• Dreadnoughts!QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Alliance(Secret) System.
• France wanted revenge because of their defeat by the Germans in 1871.
• They teamed up with Russia and England. The “Triple Entente.”
• Germany’s home boys were Austria-Hungry, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire or the “Central Alliance.”
Balkan Crisis-1914.
• Nationalism growing in Europe.• People wanted “Self-Determination.”• Austro-Hungarians ruled over the Balkans
and Serbia.• Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife
assassinated by Serb nationalist.
Europe Goes To War!
• Austria-Hungry wanted to crush Serbia over the assassination.
• Russia was on Serbia’s side,• Germany was on Austria-Hungary side.• France had Russia’s back.• England will also fight if Belgium/France is
attacked.• What a mess!
Germany’s War Problem.
• They have a two front war. BAD!• France on the west and Russia in the
east.• Their strategy? • The Von Sheffloean Plan.• Attack France first with 90 percent of
your troops. Russia second.
Von Sheffoean Plan Fails.
• French/British dig in and begin trench warfare, German do the same.
• Artillery, Maxim machine guns, and barbed wire make attacking suicidal.
• In 1916 alone, the French army lost a million men to frontal attacks.
Americans Take Sides.
• In general most Americans sides with the British
• German used poor PROPAGANDA techniques.
• British cut German under ocean cable to rest of world.
• The Brits control way news!
Economic Links.
• Britain was our BIGGEST trading partner.
• U.S. and Britain had/have strong cultural ties.
• American banks loan Britain two billion dollars to fight the war.
America Moves Towards War.
• British/German blockade.• Germans forced to use submarines to
sink merchant ships.• Many Americans killed by German
attacks.• Subs sink Lusitania(1915) and
Sussex(1916)• Sussex Pledge made by Germany.
U.S. Declares War-1917.
• Zimmermann Note.
• Germany drops Sussex Pledge and resumes unrestricted U-Boat warfare.
• Last straw for American people and President Wilson.
• War is declared!
The Home Front.• Building up the military:
• Selective Service-Draft.
• Two million volunteered.
• 400,000 African Americans served.
• Thousands of women served for first time.
Organizing Industry.
• War Industries Board-WIB.
• Food and fuel.
• Victory Gardens.
• Paying for the war:
• Liberty Bonds-Victory Bonds.
Mobilizing The Workforce.
Women went to work.
African-American enter into factory work.
Mexican-Americans into southwest.
Ensuring Public Support.
• Committee on Public Information:
• Helped “Sell” the war.
• Recruited ad executives, commercial artists, entertainers, and Hollywood.
• “Four Minute Men.”
Civil Liberties Curtailed.
• Fear of espionage/Climate of suspicion.• Sedition Act of 1918. No public expression
against war!• Supreme Court limits free speech:• Schenck v. U.S. 1919.• “Clear and Present Danger” and “Can’t yell
fire in a crowded theater, when no fire exists.”
Bloody Conflict.
• Trench Warfare.
• New war technology:
• Machine Gun, Long range artillery, submarines(U-Boats), Poison Gas, and airplanes.
Americans And Victory!
• Winning the war at sea-Convoy system.
• Russian Revolution-1917. Lenin signs treaty with Germany.
• One front war!
• Germany MUST launch a major offensive against France before American troops arrive.
German Offensive of 1918.
• Gets within 40 miles of Paris, but then falters.
• Allies launch massive counter attack.
• Germany is out of men, supplies, weapons and hope.
• War ends after armistice signed. 1918.
A Flawed Peace.
• Wilson’s Fourteen Points for peace:
• Free trade.
• Disarmament.
• Freedom of seas.
• Open diplomacy-No secrets!
• Self determination.
• League Of Nations.
Treaty Of Versailles-1919.
• Britain and France wanted to punish Germany for the war.
• $33 billion war reparations.
• Stripped of its armed forces.
• Austria-Hungry spilt into two countries.
• Loss of Ruhr Valley-1923.
League Of Nations.
• L.O.N. is rejected by U.S. Senate.• No “Entangling” alliances.• U.S. bitter about W.W.I.• Wilson suffered a stroke and made
impossible for him to campaign for it.• The Treaty Of Versailles, the rejection
of Wilson’s 14 pts and L.O.N. laid the continuation of W.W.I later.
War’s Impact.
• High inflation leads to strikes.
• Boston Police Strike. Calvin Coolage:
• “there is no right to strike the public safety.”
• 350,000 steel workers went on strike.
The Red Scare.
• Wave of strikes cause some to think that communists were at work.
• Immigrants were thought to bring in communists ideas.
• Labor leaders were suspected too.
• Communist International:
• “ Workers Of The World Unite!”
Palmer Raids-1919 and 1920.• Palmer raids was a massive effort
which didn’t turn up a plot to over throw the government.
• Palmer faded away.
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End Of Progressivism-1920.• Warren G. Harding won the presidency
by calling for a return to “Normalcy.”
• This wasn’t a real word until Harding made it up!
QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.