USER MANUAL MOORING - Egersund Trading

USER MANUAL

MOORING

USER MANUAL – MOORING

EGERSUND TRADING AS Tel. +47 55 08 85 00 Version: 02 Fax: +47 55 08 85 08 Page: 2 of 46

NO-5397 BEKKJARVIK Email: [email protected] Date: 07.05.2018

CONTENTS

1 MANUFACTURER AND PRODUCT INFORMATION .............................................. 4

1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 4

1.2 ABOUT EGERSUND TRADING ......................................................................................... 4

1.3 RESPONSIBILITY ............................................................................................................ 4

1.4 IDENTIFICATION ............................................................................................................ 5

1.5 SERVICE LIFE ................................................................................................................. 5

1.6 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................. 7

2 INSTALLATION-SPECIFIC INFORMATION ............................................................ 8

3 MOORING COMPONENTS .......................................................................................... 13

3.1 CHAINS........................................................................................................................ 13

3.2 CONNECTION PLATE .................................................................................................... 16

3.3 ROPES ......................................................................................................................... 17

3.4 FIBRE STRAPS .............................................................................................................. 18

3.5 THIMBLE ..................................................................................................................... 19

3.6 RING / OVAL EYE ......................................................................................................... 20

3.7 SHACKLES ................................................................................................................... 20

3.8 ANCHORING BOLT ....................................................................................................... 23

3.9 ANCHOR ...................................................................................................................... 24

3.10 BUOYANCY BUOY ........................................................................................................ 26

TRANSPORT ........................................................................................................................... 27

3.11 DELIVERY ................................................................................................................... 27

3.12 TRANSPORT ................................................................................................................. 27

4 STORAGE ........................................................................................................................ 27

4.1 STORAGE ..................................................................................................................... 27

5 ASSEMBLY ...................................................................................................................... 28

5.1 REQUIREMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE INSTALLATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS ...... 28

5.2 INSTALLATION EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................... 29

5.3 SPLICING ROPES........................................................................................................... 29

5.4 INSTALLATION SEQUENCE ........................................................................................... 30

5.5 CONNECTION TO THE BUOYANCY RING / RAFT ............................................................. 31

5.6 FUNCTION TESTING ..................................................................................................... 31

5.7 STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS AND RAFTS ............................................................................. 32

5.8 HINGED INSTALLATION (E.G. NOR MÆR, VIKING GLOBAL) ........................................ 33

5.9 FRAME MOORING ......................................................................................................... 34

5.10 INSPECTION OF MOORING SYSTEM ............................................................................... 36

5.11 INSPECTION SCHEDULE ................................................................................................ 37

5.11.1 Inspection of chains and shackles ...................................................................... 40

5.11.2 Inspection of ropes, Dyneema and fibre straps .................................................. 41

5.12 REPLACING COMPONENTS ........................................................................................... 41

5.13 INSPECTION PLAN ........................................................................................................ 42

5.14 DOCUMENTATION OF OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND REPLACEMENT ....................... 42




5.15 MAINTENANCE LOG .................................................................................................... 43

5.16 NON-CONFORMANCE HANDLING ................................................................................. 44




1 MANUFACTURER AND PRODUCT INFORMATION

1.1 Introduction

This user manual about mooring has been prepared in accordance with the requirements set out

in NS 9415:2009 Marine fish farms - Requirements for site survey, risk analyses, design,

dimensioning, production, installation and operation.

This user manual contains a description of the specific installation to which the user manual

applies and the individual components that make up a mooring system, as well as information

about maintenance and inspection points. Moreover, the documentation for fish farmers is to

contain product certificates for all construction parts, an overview of components and a

mooring analysis.

An evaluation must be performed of the mooring system at each new site and, if appropriate,

on the upgrading or modification of an existing mooring system. This must always be based on

an Accredited Site Survey, which defines the environmental impacts at the site, as well as an

Accredited Mooring Analysis that sets out figures regarding the dimensioning of the mooring

system. A mooring analysis of this kind will provide a theoretical overview of the load, length,

etc. as well as the number of mooring lines required. A mooring analysis also simulates

different accident conditions such as a break in a mooring line, connection point/frame rope,

crowsfeet, etc. to assess the consequences this may have on the other equipment.

On the basis of such an analysis, and in consultation with the fish farmer, appropriate mooring

lines are designed, dimensioned to handle the loads calculated in the analysis.

The list of components contains information about the components used in each and every

mooring line supplied by Egersund Trading.

1.2 About Egersund Trading

Egersund Trading AS is based in Rabben in the Municipality of Austevoll, Norway, and has

extensive experience in supplying mooring components. In our quality management system, we

have placed especial emphasis on the handling of mooring components. This entails us

maintaining strict control so as to ensure that all mooring components are delivered with

correct and sufficient documentation.

1.3 Responsibility

Egersund Trading supplies both separate mooring components and complete mooring systems.

A complete mooring system comprises all the components necessary to moor a fish farming

installation, cage and/or raft.

The guarantee Egersund Trading provides on the equipment delivered – be it in the form

of complete mooring systems or separate components – requires the equipment to be handled in

accordance with the requirements set out in the present user manual, the certificate/fitting

instructions for the individual component in question, and the applicable requirements from the

authorities concerning the fitting and installation of mooring systems and separate components.




1.4 Identification

Each mooring line in a complete mooring system at a given site is allocated a unique number.

This number is also used when describing the components included in the mooring line in

question.

A mooring line is defined as the mooring that runs from a point on the seabed/land up to the

buoyancy ring, raft or connection point when frame mooring is utilised. The actual frame in a

frame mooring set-up is also allocated a unique number so that it is possible to identify all the

components.

1.5 Service life

Mooring components used in a complete mooring system feature different dimensioned service

lives. Use, marine growth and other external impacts, etc. will all have a crucial influence on

the total service life of the mooring components, and it is therefore difficult to define this

parameter precisely.

The service life of components will also vary greatly from one site to another, and will depend

on the system in which the component is fitted, other equipment at that site and the

environmental conditions at the site, as well as other site-specific factors such as seabed

conditions, depths, and so on.

However, the most common certification cycles are 5–8 years for most mooring components.

In order to ensure that the different mooring components that are in use are sufficiently

dimensioned and in acceptable condition at all times, we recommend performing the following

inspections/material tests:

Ropes:

After eight years of use, random samples should be taken of the different dimensions

for tensile testing in accordance with the relevant standards. If acceptable results are

achieved, a new product certificate will be issued with a new service life based on the

test results obtained.

Chains:

After eight years of use, random samples should be taken of the different dimensions

for dimension measurement and, if appropriate, tensile testing in accordance with the

relevant standards. If acceptable results are achieved, a new product certificate will be

issued with a new service life based on the test results obtained.

Anchors:

After eight years of use, raise one of the anchors in use at the site to the surface for

closer inspection.

On the basis of the results noted on completion of the relevant inspections based on

relevant standards, procedures and acceptance criteria, a decision will be taken with

regard to possible recertification and extended service life.




These results will also be used as the basis for the scope of the inspections and future

inspection intervals.

Mooring bolts:

We recommend inspecting mooring bolts closely using a camera, ROV or divers before

each release, or at least once every five years.

Results from these inspections will be combined with expected loads over time to

provide the basis for determining the future service life of the bolts. These results will

also be used as the basis for possible recertification.

Shackles:

We recommend checking shackles visually or through the use of a camera, ROV or

divers prior to each release, or at least once every five years.

Special emphasis should be placed on corrosion, wear and any signs of deformation.

In the event of visible material reduction of more than 12% and any deformations, the

shackle should be replaced immediately before the damage results in it breaking.

All inspection and any discarding of shackles must be based on relevant procedures and

standards.

Connection plates:

For connection plates, we recommend raising random samples to the surface for

cleaning and close visual inspection every year.

Emphasis must be placed on wear, corrosion and any visible signs of deformation.

We recommend that these inspections be carried out by personnel with the relevant

training/experience with regard to acceptable and relevant procedures.

A decision about possible recertification will be based on the results of the annual

inspections, and, if appropriate, on relevant additional testing.

General:

With regard to the service lives and, where appropriate, recertification of components of

the types listed above, it is extremely important to consider loads applied over time so

as to evaluate factors such as material fatigue.

We recommend documenting loads applied as far as this is possible.




1.6 Definitions

Definitions of some words and expressions used in this user manual, NS9415, and certificates,

etc. that accompany the mooring components:

Bottom mooring chain

Chain (black) fitted between the bottom fixture and

the mooring rope to prevent chafing.

Buoyancy ring

Frame or collection of frames that provide uplift and

a securing point for the net.

Mooring

System of lines and bottom fixtures designed to keep

the buoyancy ring in the desired location and

position.

Grade

The GRADE is an expression of the chain’s

strength.

Thimble

An insert to protect a loop of rope.

MBL (Minimum Breaking Load)

The smallest load that will result in a break.

Galvanised or black chain often used on the surface

between the mooring line and the frame or

installation/raft.

PL (Proofload)

The highest load applied during load testing – in

connection with certification, for example.

S.F. (Safety Factor)

Safety factor Minimum Breaking Load

Working Load Limit

Shock load

Sudden force exerted as the result of a jolt or a jerk.

Shock loads that can produce extremely high

moment values must be avoided.

SWL (Safe Working Load)

The highest permitted load to which the equipment

can be subjected.

WLL (Working Load Limit)

The highest permitted load to which the equipment

can be subjected. Stated on components designed for

use in lifting.




2 INSTALLATION-SPECIFIC INFORMATION

This user manual has been prepared for the installation:

SITE SURVEY INFORMATION

Example:

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT USED (from AquaBase – 50/10 years’ current combined with 10/50 years’ waves)

RUN SYSH Hs Tp WaveH Vc CurrDir U10/50

1 90 0.7 4.6 180 0.607 0 27.2

2 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.607 45 27.2

3 90 0.6 4.5 270 0.352 90 27.2

4 90 0.8 4.8 315 0.293 135 27.2

5 90 1.1 4.5 0 0.352 180 27.2

6 90 1.6 4.8 45 0.439 225 16.3

7 90 1.0 4.8 90 0.391 270 21.8

8 90 0.7 4.6 135 0.488 315 27.2

9 90 0.7 4.6 180 0.541 0 30.05

10 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.541 45 30.05

11 90 0.6 4.5 270 0.333 90 30.05

12 90 0.8 4.8 315 0.278 135 30.05

13 90 1.1 4.5 0 0.333 180 30.05

14 90 1.6 4.8 45 0.416 225 18.3

15 90 1.0 4.8 90 0.37 270 24.4

16 90 0.7 3.6 135 0.463 315 30.05

17 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.607 45 27.2

18 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.607 45 27.2

19 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.607 45 27.2

20 90 0.6 4.5 225 0.607 45 27.2




MOORING ANALYSIS INFORMATION

Example:

MOORING LINES:

LINE

NO.

AquaSim Analysis, FORCES IN

TONNES

BREAKING

STRAIN, ROPE

x3.45

BREAKING

STRAIN,

CHAIN/SHACKLE

x2.3

1 13 44.85 29.9

2 8 27.6 18.4

3 8 27.6 18.4

4 10 34.5 23

5 8 27.6 18.4

6 8 27.6 18.4

7 8 27.6 18.4

8 8 27.6 18.4

9 10 34.5 23

10 10 34.5 23

11 12 41.4 27.6

12 12 41.4 27.6

13 10 34.5 23

14 12.7 43.815 29.21

15 15 51.75 34.5

16 15 51.75 34.5

17 15 51.75 34.5

18 12.7 43.815 29.21

19 10 34.5 23

20 19 65.55 43.7

21 17 58.65 39.1

22 13 44.85 29.9




FRAME ROPES

Frame

rope

no.

AquaSim Analysis,

FORCES IN TONNES

BREAKING

STRAIN, ROPE

x3.45

BREAKING

STRAIN,

CHAIN/SHACKLE

x2.3

RT-1 8 27.6 18.4

RT-2 22 79.35 52.9

RT-3 24 58.65 39.1

RT-4 8 41.4 27.6

RT-5 17 51.75 34.5

RT-6 17.5 58.65 39.1

RT-7 8 86.25 57.5

RT-8 14 72.45 48.3

RT-9 14 55.2 36.8

RT-10 8 41.4 27.6

RT-11 9 48.3 32.2

RT-12 8 58.65 39.1

RT-13 8 10.35 6.9

RT-14 10.7 10.35 6.9

RT-15 10.7 10.35 6.9

RT-16 8 10.35 6.9

RT-17 14 10.35 6.9

RT-18 14 10.35 6.9

RT-19 8 10.35 6.9




CROWSFEET

NETPEN

NO.

AquaSim Analysis

UPDATED FORCES

BREAKING

STRAIN, ROPE

x3.45

BREAKING

STRAIN,

CHAIN/SHACKLE

x2.3

M-1 8 41.4 27.6

M-2 9 48.3 32.2

M-3 8 58.65 39.1

M-4 8 10.35 6.9

M-5 10.7 10.35 6.9

M-6 10.7 10.35 6.9




DRAWING OF MOORING INSTALLATION

Example:

INFORMATION ABOUT THE MOORING LINES

Example:

COMPONENT LIST

Bunnfeste(type Motvekt'foran'anker'(kg) Kjetting'bunn Kjetting'lengde Sjakkel'bunn Kause'bunn Tau'dimensjon'og'type Tau'lengde Kause'topp Sjakkel'topp Kjetting'topp

Patent'4000'kg 9000 30mm'svart 50 2*150t+4*90t 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 869 48mm'rør 90t 30mm'svart

T'I'bolt'38mm ' 25mm'galv 35 60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 310 56mm'K2 60t kjetting??

T'I'bolt'35mm ' 22mm'galv 2*60t 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 350 48mm'rør 2*60t 25mm'galv

T'I'bolt'60t ' 30mm'svart 0 3*90t 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 350 48mm'rør 90t 30mm'svart

T'I'bolt'38mm ' 25mm'galv 25 60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 246 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv




T'I'bolt'80t ' 40mm'svart 25 2*25t'WLL+1*150t 90mm'rør 78mm'gold'8Islått 141 90mm'rør 150t 40mm'svart

T'I'bolt'80t ' 40mm'svart 25 2*25t'WLL+1*150t 90mm'rør 76mm'gold 151 90mm'rør 150t 40mm'svart

T'I'bolt'100t'+'60t'sikring ' 40mm'svart 25 2*25t'WLL+1*150t 90mm'rør 80mm'gold 236 90mm'rør 150t 40mm'svart

T'.bolt'80t'+'sikring 30mm'svart 25 90t 64mm'K2 60mm'tufflex 270 64mm'K2 90t' 30mm'svart

T'I'bolt'100t'+'60t'sikring ' 40mm'svart 2*25t'WLL+1*150t 90mm'rør 80mm'gold 300 90mm'rør 150t 40mm'svart

T'.bolt'80t'+'sikring 30mm'svart 25 90t 64mm'K2 60mm'tufflex 325 64mm'K2 90t 30mm'svart

T'.bolt'80t'+'sikring 30mm'svart 25 90t 64mm'K2 60mm'tufflex 330 64mm'K2 90t 30mm'svart

T'I'bolt'100t'+'60t'sikring ' 40mm'svart 2*25t'WLL+1*150t 64mm'K3 78mm'gold'8Islått 90mm'rør 150t 40mm'svart

Ploganker'1800'kg 1300 36mm'svart 90t'+'60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv

Ploganker'1400'kg 1300 36mm'svart 90t'+'60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 850 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv


Ploganker'1400'kg 1300 36mm'svart 60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 850 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv

Ploganker'1500'kg 3000 30mm'svart 90t'?? 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 850 48mm'rør 60t 25mm'galv

Ploganker'1500'kg 3000 30mm'svart 90t'?? 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 850 48mm'rør 60t 25mm'galv


Ploganker'1800'kg 1300 30mm'svart 50 90t 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 922 48mm'rør 90t 30'mm'svart



Ploganker'1800'kg 9000 30mm'svart 2*150t+4*90t 48mm'rør 48mm'gold 48mm'rør 90t 30mm'svart

Ploganker'1800'kg 1300 36mm'svart 90t'+'60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv

Ploganker'1800'kg 1300 36mm'svart 60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv

Patent'anker'3000'kg 1300 36mm'svart 90t'+'60t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv

Patent'3000'Kg 1300 36mm'svart 50 90t 56mm'K2 56mm'danline 1033 56mm'K2 60t 25mm'galv




3 MOORING COMPONENTS

The following section presents a description of the separate mooring components. This is a

general user manual. The instructions for use and the description of the separate components

have been prepared by the separate manufacturers and should be used in parallel with the

present user manual.

3.1 Chains

All chains that are to be used in the mooring system must have been product certified and have

a valid product certificate in accordance with NYTEK-NS 9415:2009, including information

about type, breaking strain, etc.

Chains used for mooring are designed to withstand tensile force. Chains must therefore be

handled in such a way that they are not subjected to anything but tension load.

On installation, chains will be subjected to direct flexural stress when they are laid out over

rollers or edges, for example. This can cause damage to the chain, with the result that the chain

may break at loads lower than the strain the chain is designed to withstand.

GRADE 2 CHAIN (Black)

Untreated black chain in steel quality G40. Used between anchor and rope in anchor lines.

Size: 30–60 mm. A certificate is to document that the chain has been manufactured and tested

in accordance with the requirements stipulated in ISO 1704.

Black chain is supplied in sacks, bundles or on pallets with a frame. The tracking label must be

affixed to the end of the length of chain, or where the chain is bundled together. The tracking

label must be clearly visible. Each length of chain must be labelled with the following: Chain

grade, Dim., Length, Cert. number with reference to the product certificate.




GRADE 70 CHAIN (galvanised chain)

Galvanised chain in steel quality G70, in sizes of 13–30 mm. The chain requirement has been

downgraded from Gr. 80 on account of the galvanisation process. To be used in places where it

is most appropriate to use a light chain with high strength, e.g. in frame moorings, crowsfeet,

links to buoys and in connection with rock anchors. The certificate is to document that the

chain has been manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements stipulated in

NS 9415:2009.

Galvanised chain is supplied in sacks, bundles and on pallets with a frame. The tracking label

must be affixed to the end of the length of chain, or where the chain is bundled together. The

tracking label must be clearly visible. Each length of chain must be labelled with the following:

Chain grade, Dim., Length, Cert. number with reference to certificate.

BOTTOM CHAIN (for weight – foreganger)

Weight to be used as a bottom fixture or as a counterweight in front of the anchor. The

counterweight in front of the anchor is intended to prevent

uplift or inappropriate load on the anchor. The counterweight is

to correspond to the vertical force in the mooring line. Offshore

chain in dimensions of 70–120 mm or concrete weights are the

most common. For used chain included as part of the mooring

line, the material factor shown in table 13 – NS9415 applies.

Here, the manufacturer’s mark is tamped directly into the bar on links. This reference number

also features on the original chain certificate. There may often be many links between each

mark.




HANDLING AND LAYING OUT

When laying out cables from boat to water, we recommend using cables

suited to the chain diameter and type in question, in accordance with

approved standards. As an alternative, it is possible to use a pulley with

a groove so that the vertical link lies in an indentation in the wheel, and

tension force on the chain is relieved by another device.

The diameter of the pulley wheel must be large enough to allow three

links to lie in the groove at the same time. The intention here is to reduce

flexural stress to an acceptable level for the chain links that pass over the

pulley wheel. The speed of laying out must be adjusted to allow the chain to be laid out in a

controlled manner. This means that the chain must not be subjected to jolts or jerks, or to loads

in any direction other than the direction in which it is being laid out.

Laying out chain directly over rollers (such as stern rollers) is not recommended if any loads

are suspended from the chain in the form of lead weights, etc. This will cause flexural stress

(incl. twisting) in the links that pass over the roller, and the laying out process will be too

uncontrolled to ensure that the chain links are not subjected to unacceptable loads such as

blows, jerks and twisting. This does not apply, however, if there are no loads on the chain (incl.

the own weight of the chain) that exceed 10% of the breaking strain, and if the chain is laid out

over a roller with a diameter which ensures that at least four links are supported by the roller at

all times.

If the chain is stored on a drum during the laying out procedure, the tensile force is not to be

taken up by the chain on the drum. In such cases, the force is to be relieved using a wire/rope

shackled to the quarter.

Otherwise see the user manual for the component.




3.2 Connection plate

Connection plates are used in frame mooring systems where they function as the meeting point

for multiple mooring lines. In addition to attachment points for mooring lines, the connection

plate is fitted with an eye or bracket for attaching a buoyancy buoy.

Galvanised steel connection plates. Used in mooring systems where multiple points are to be

linked together as connection points in a framework. Size: 60–100 mm material thickness, with

multiple holes to match the intended use. The certificate is to document that the plates have

been manufactured and tested in accordance with the requirements stipulated in NS 9415:2009,

and must state the breaking strain. Please note that breaking strain is calculated on the basis of

the first flow.

A unique serial number and capacity are stamped into the connection plate itself.

It is essential to inspect connection plates at regular intervals (at least once a year). During

inspection, make sure to check for cracks and any signs of deformation that might weaken the

component.

Otherwise see the user manual for the component.




3.3 Ropes

In the same way as the chains, the ropes used in mooring must not be subjected to powerful

jerks. It is important to make sure that the rope is not subjected to chafing or other influences

that may result in damage to the rope; for example, ropes must not be positioned such that they

are lying over sharp edges. Damage can reduce the breaking strain, with the risk that the rope

may not be able to withstand the forces it was designed to cope with.

Until recently, the type was most often 3-strand green Danline, but it

is becoming more and more common to use 8-strand rope in

dimensions higher than 88 mm and with breaking strains of more

than 150 tonnes. Rope is available in several colours. Certificates are

to document that the rope has been manufactured in compliance with

the NS-EN ISO 1346, NS-EN ISO 1140 and NS-EN ISO 1141 standards. Other types of fibre

ropes may be used, on condition they satisfy the requirements that can be derived from the

mooring analysis.

As far as possible, avoid using knots to secure the mooring rope. Knots weaken the rope by

around 50%. It is therefore important rather to choose solutions whereby an eye is created at

the end of the rope, using a thimble spliced in position. This provides a solid fixing point for

the mooring rope.

The service life of a mooring rope depends on many factors, including loads in the form of

jerks, marine growth, sea conditions and so on. The rope may have a service of 15 years if the

load to which it is subjected does not exceed 50% of the rope’s breaking strain during this

period.

Ropes that have been damaged, chafed, etc. must be replaced immediately – either completely

or the section in question. Areas subject to chafing are normally on the surface and can

therefore be inspected daily.

Every coil of rope must be labelled with the following on the pallet/packaging: Manufacturer,

Certificate number, Type, Dimension and Length. Ropes must also feature their own labelling

(often in the form of a plastic strip embedded in the rope) showing the manufacturer and

certificate reference.

Otherwise, refer to the instructions for use for the component.

In the same way as chains, Dyneema ropes used in mooring must not be subjected to powerful

jerks. It is important to make sure that the rope is not subjected to chafing or other influences

that may result in damage to the rope; for example, ropes must not be positioned such that they

are lying over sharp edges. Damage can reduce the breaking strain, with the risk that the rope

may not be able to withstand the influences it was designed to cope with.

Rope is available in several colours. A certificate is to document that the rope has been

manufactured in compliance with ISO 2307:2010.




Knots weaken the rope by around. 50%. It is therefore important also to strive to find a solution

whereby an eye is created at the end of the rope, using a thimble spliced in position. This

provides a solid fixing point for the mooring rope.

The service life of a mooring rope depends on many factors, including loads in the form of

jerks, marine growth, sea conditions and so on. The rope may have a service of life or 15 years

if the load it is subjected to do not exceed 50% of the rope’s breaking strain during this period.

Dyneema ropes that have been damaged, chafed, etc. must be replaced immediately – either

completely or the section in question. Areas subject to chafing are normally on the surface and

can therefore be inspected daily.

Every coil of rope must be labelled with the following on the pallet/packaging: Manufacturer,

Certificate number, Type, Dimension and Length.

3.4 Fibre straps

Polyester fibre straps used for mooring must not be subjected to powerful jerks or chafing, and

must not come into contact with sharp or pointed objects.

Polyester fibre straps can generally be divided into two main groups:

• Round slings / Round straps

• Webbing straps / Webbing slings

Round slings / Round straps consist of bearing fibres protected by a cover. A round sling is

endless, while a round strap has an encompassing cover along almost the full length of the

strap, so that an eye can be defined at each end. Both products are soft and pleasant to work

with. Round slings and round straps feature remarkably high bearing capacity in relation to

their size.

Webbing straps / Webbing slings consist of flat, woven bands sewn together. Webbing straps

are sewn together along almost the full length of the strap, and then at each end, the strap is

folded in and a protective component is sewn into the eye thus formed. A webbing sling is

endless, maintaining the full width of the strap all the way around. A major advantage of using

webbing straps / webbing slings is the contact surface the strap has against the underlay. The

larger the contact surface, the lower the risk of damage – both to the strap itself and to the

object the strap is fixed to.

When using polyester fibre straps, it is especially important to be aware of the following

situations that reduce the capacity of the strap:

• Knotting

Polyester fibre straps are not intended for knotting, so knots should be avoided as far as

possible.

• Snaring

If a strap is snared around a pipe, for example, or another round object, this will reduce

the bearing capacity of the strap by around 20%.




• “Fibre in fibre” – when making a link, for instance

The fibres in the straps will exert certain cutting forces on one another if two fibre

straps are fitted together. As a rule of thumb, you can expect a loss of about 50% if you

connect two straps with the same MBL. You can reduce this loss to some extent if you

choose pre-linked products from AS Hamatec.

• Small contact diameter in connection with attachment

Minimum contact diameters are required in connection with attachment to prevent

reduction of the MBL of the strap. The following requirements apply:

MBL Min. contact diameter

7 tonnes 16 mm

14 tonnes 35 mm

21 tonnes 38 mm

28 tonnes 45 mm

35 tonnes 45 mm

42 tonnes 100 mm

49 tonnes 100 mm

56 tonnes 100 mm

When connecting with ropes, we recommend using a square knot as shown in the picture here.

3.5 Thimble

Thimbles are used in all eyes spliced in ropes that form part of the mooring lines so as to

prevent chafing and wear on the ropes from shackles, rings, etc. In addition, a thimble will help

reinforce the eye. A spliced eye must be sufficiently tight to prevent the thimble sliding out.

Thimbles are galvanised and supplied in several designs to ensure the best fit

for the eye, rope dimension, etc.

Thimbles must also be secured tightly in place to prevent them falling out.

Gr. 2 and Gr. 3 thimbles are used.

It has also become popular to use pipe thimbles, which provide improved protection of the

mooring rope in several types of mooring set-ups and in frame ropes.





3.6 Ring / Oval eye

Rings or eyes are used as connection points for shackles from different mooring lines.

Primarily used in frame moorings. Rings or eyes must be accompanied by a valid product

certificate.


3.7 Shackles

Shackles in a mooring set-up are generally used to join ropes, chains, anchors, etc. Every

shackle has a production code stamped into the body and the bolt, as well as a product

certificate.

Mooring shackle for connecting individual components in the mooring system. Sizes: 28, 40,

60, 90, 120, 140 and 150T MBL. All shackles are to be delivered with a traceable material

certificate for both body and bolt. The certificate is to document that the shackle meets the

requirements in NS-EN13889.

Mooring shackles consist of two parts: the body and the bolt. These parts have separate

tracking numbers. The tracking number is stamped into the body and the bolt.

Shackles without marking / certificate must not be used in mooring systems

Before using the shackles, check the following:

- the markings on the body / bolt must match the product certificate

- the correct type of bolt must have been fitted in the shackle

- neither body nor bolt must be deformed, show signs of damage or inappropriate wear

- neither body nor bolt must show any sign of cracks, notches, cavities or corrosion

A shackle must not be used if there are any doubts as to whether it fulfils the requirements

listed above.

When installing the shackle, you must make sure that the bolt is locked in place using a split

pin. If, during installation, you notice a bad fit between the shackle body and bolt, this may be

due to poor parallelity or deformations. The shackle must then be referred to an expert body

(such as the supplier or manufacturer).




Shackle body with nut and bolt

Shackles are designed to take up load at the bottom of the body and evenly distributed along

the bolt. Shackles must be fitted such that the load is transferred in longitudinal direction,

without applying unacceptable bending moments. When laying out mooring lines that contain

shackles, you must make sure that the shackles are positioned correctly, and that they have not

twisted or turned in any way.

The breaking strain stated in the product certificate is based on pure tensile force in

longitudinal direction. In order to avoid asymmetrical load on shackles, the load should be

distributed along as much of the bolt length as possible. Never press the opening together or

weld anything onto the bolt to guide the load – this will render the product certificate for the

shackle invalid.

Do not heat treat the shackle body or the bolt, as this will adversely affect the strength and

properties of the product.


Shackle body Bolt

Nut

Hole for

locking

split pin







3.8 Anchoring bolt

Anchoring bolts are used as fixing points on solid ground (mountain/rock), in the water or on

land. A hole is drilled of the appropriate diameter and length in relation to the bolt that is to be

fitted. The bolt is then inserted into the hole and secured using a wedge at the end that locks the

bolt in position, or using liquid fixative poured into the hole. When using liquid fixative, the

normal hardening time before the application of load is approx. 12 hours.

Rock bolts are not normally used at depths of more than 30 metres on account of divers’

limitations.

The holding power/breaking strain of the anchoring bolts must be at least three

times the greatest calculated force on the mooring line.

Eye bolt with ridges

T-bolt with wedge

Anchoring bolts normally have a service life of 15 years, and you can assume a service life of

at least 10 years before they have to be replaced. However, this service life is only a guide and

anchoring bolts must not be ignored during inspections. In other words, anchoring bolts must

be inspected at the same time as all other mooring components. Wear and tear, corrosion and

deformation determine whether or not a bolt needs to be replaced.

If the fish farm and the mooring system have been subjected to unusually high loads, the

anchoring bolts must be inspected to check for deformation or other signs of damage.

Rock bolts are to be grouted in position in the bedrock. The hole diameter and depth must be

adapted to the bolt type and dimensions (cf. requirements from the grouting supplier). Insert the

wedge into the bolt and fill the hole with grouting before installation. The direction of the

drilled hole should be approximately vertical. The eye of the rock bolt should not be closer than

50 mm to the rock surface. Rock bolts must not be subjected to load for at least 24 hours after

installation. The direction of load on the rock bolt must not exceed 45° measured in relation to

the bed in which the bolt is secured.

Anchoring bolts must not be heat-treated, as this will diminish their strength and other

properties.





3.9 Anchor

Requirements on the anchor’s holding power are at least twice the greatest calculated force on

the mooring line.

In addition, it is to be fitted to a length of heavy chain measuring approx. 15–30 metres to

prevent the mooring rope suffering chafing damage from contact with rocks, stones, etc. After

laying out, the anchor must be function-tested to ensure it has sufficient holding power. In

addition, a visual inspection must be performed to make sure that the anchor is positioned

correctly, and that it is not lying on stones or similar where it will not gain sufficient purchase.

It is best to perform an inspection of this kind several weeks after laying out, so that sand

anchors – if used – have time to “settle” properly.

The two types of anchor most commonly used are plough/sand anchors and patent anchors (e.g.

AC 14, Shark, etc.).

A sand/plough anchor normally has an optimal holding power of 25 times its own weight. This

type of anchor provides a strong hold on soft areas of seabed. It is important that the seabed

conditions be relatively flat. A patent anchor has a different shape and is primarily used for

snagging in rocky conditions. Optimal holding power for these anchors is approx. 15 times

their own weight.

Holding power is stated on the basis of tests performed under ideal conditions. On account of

variations in seabed conditions, however, it will often be difficult to state the holding power

accurately without testing in situ. The proper use of the correct type of anchor in relation to the

seabed conditions, as well as appropriate subsequent inspection of the placement of the anchor,

will be crucial to the function of the anchor and to ensuring fulfilment of the mooring system

requirements regarding holding power.

Plough anchors and other types of anchor suited to soft seabed conditions are not considered

correctly installed until they have sunk into the seabed. An anchor holding power test after

complete settling is to be used to confirm that the anchor is providing sufficient holding power.

The holding power test can be performed immediately after settling if the work boat has a

sufficiently powerful engine. The pull from work boats is approximately hp/100 [tonnes],

where hp corresponds to the sum of the engine power delivered to the propeller(s). For

example, a boat generating 500 hp provides 500/100 = 5 tonnes of pull. If the work boat cannot

generate enough pull using its propellers, the holding power test must be performed after the

installation has been set up, where the work boat is moored to the installation and uses a winch.

The holding power must be maintained for at least 5 minutes. The tensile force of the holding




power is to be documented in figures using the calculation above or by reading off the

hydraulic pressure, etc. in the winch.

On installation, the anchor sinks to the bottom where it is then tightened up in the direction the

mooring line is to take. Start by pulling gently to allow the anchor to take hold. Then pull with

sufficient force to embed the anchor appropriately. For sand anchors, it is important to avoid

slopes which could cause the anchor to topple onto its side. This will make it difficult for the

anchor to embed itself properly, which in turn will make it hard to achieve sufficient holding

power.

Lead weights can be used on soft areas of seabed, on condition that they sink down into the

bottom/shallows. Lead weights positioned on sandy or hard bottoms will display extremely

poor holding power. Lead weights must be subjected to a holding power test (using the same

method as described above) after they have been laid out. The holding power test must be

performed before fish are released into the installation. The holding power of lead weights

positioned on soft bottoms will increase the longer they are left in place, because they can

continue to sink for a long time after they have been laid out.

The anchors must be accompanied by a product certificate, and the production number must

feature on all parts of the anchor that may influence the holding power.

Colour coding is often used to make it easier to identify the different parts that belong together

(dimensioning/weight of the anchor).





3.10 Buoyancy buoy

Buoyancy buoys used in connection with mooring systems are normally intended to provide

extra buoyancy so as to prevent the buoyancy ring from being dragged down and to provide

greater stability to the mooring line.

There are three objectives behind the use of extra buoyancy: to prevent unnecessary weight

from the mooring components being transferred to – and thus affecting the buoyancy of – the

buoyancy ring; to make sure that the anchoring provides sufficient tension on the buoyancy

ring; and to function as an effective shock absorber when the installation is influenced by

cyclical environmental loads.

It is important to remember that standard buoys cannot withstand being submerged. Having

standard buoys of this kind submerged for both long and short periods risks compressing the

contents and thus significantly reducing buoyancy. Special buoys are produced which can

withstand being pulled down to various depths.





TRANSPORT

3.11 Delivery

The mooring system is normally delivered packed on pallets. Plough anchors are normally

delivered packed flat to facilitate transport.

The actual assembly of long, complete mooring lines is performed on site, or at the point where

the mooring system is loaded onto the vessel that is to be used to lay it out.

3.12 Transport

Mooring components must not be subjected to jolts, jerks, etc. during transport. Ropes must be

transported in such a way as to protect them from chafing or other forms of wear.

During moving, loading and unloading, it is only permitted to use approved straps with

sufficient breaking strain.

Mooring components are often intrinsically heavy, which makes demands on carriers with

regard to securing the load responsibly. This also applies in situations where mooring

components are transported by boat.

Incorrect positioning on board may cause problems with stability. This applies in particular in

the context of transporting complete mooring lines to the site where they are to be installed

from a vessel. Plan how the mooring line is to be laid out, and take into account the uneven

distribution of the load during the laying out process.

4 STORAGE

4.1 Storage

Mooring lines and the associated components do not make major demands on storage

conditions, but it is important not to subject them to damage or other load over time, as this will

weaken them.

Steel components can be stored outdoors without this damaging the quality. Black chain is only

covered with a kind of tar paint, and will therefore develop some signs of rust over time –

although this is more of an issue of aesthetics. The chain itself will not weaken until after many

years of storage.

Steel components that have been surface treated – galvanised, for example – must be handled

in such a way as to avoid damaging the protective layer. Damage to the protective layer may

lead to corrosion, and thus to a shorter service life for the component.

While ropes should ideally be stored indoors, they can be left outdoors – although in such cases

they must be shielded from direct sunlight and strong heat. It is also best to avoid storing rope

close to sharp objects. If possible, store rope in its original packaging until use.

Sunlight will weaken rope stored outdoors for long periods.




5 ASSEMBLY

5.1 Requirements in connection with the installation of mooring systems

The Egersund Group requires the appointment of a person responsible for the

assembly/installation of the mooring system at the site; this person must also be able to

document a minimum of two years of experience from such or equivalent work.

The mooring system must be laid out in accordance with the mooring analysis and any other

calculations/verification procedures performed in advance. If, on installation, changes are made

to the mooring system in relation to what was described in advance, these changes must be

checked with an updated analysis/calculation. The same applies if it transpires that seabed

conditions, environmental conditions, etc. at the site do not match what was stated during the

calculation and design of the mooring system. Such conditions may be significant to the

functionality of the mooring system and must therefore be checked. The fish farmer responsible

must make sure that this is done.

NYTEK REGULATIONS, SECTION 17. Requirements for mooring analysis

Before the mooring system is laid out, a mooring analysis must be performed in compliance with requirements

stipulated in NS-9415:2009, by an inspection body accredited to perform mooring analyses, cf. § 7.

A mooring analysis cannot be performed until a site survey has been completed, cf. § 9.

The mooring analysis is to:

a) contain an assessment demonstrating that the mooring system complies with requirements stipulated in NS

9415:2009,

b) be based on results from the site survey, and

c) take into account the floating aquaculture facility that is to be positioned at the site.

For mooring systems laid out before 1 January 2004, a mooring analysis must have been completed prior to

1 January 2013.

NYTEK REGULATIONS, SECTION 18. Documentation of mooring analysis

The mooring analysis must be documented in writing. The documentation must include the following information:

a) the site to which the analysis applies,

b) assessments pursuant to Section 17(3), items a–c,

c) results of the analysis and the requirements made on the mooring,

d) a description of the entire mooring system in accordance with NS 9415:2009,

e) a sketch or a map of the entire mooring set-up, where all main components in the installation are clearly

indicated,

f) a description of the types of equipment and configuration to which the analysis applies, and

g) reliability class.

If it is necessary to weld parts of the mooring system or securing points, this work may only be

done by persons with a valid welding certificate for this type of welding work. Compliance

with regulatory requirements regarding welding work is mandatory. Remember to use personal

protective equipment.




It is also important to take into account weather conditions during the period the installation

work is scheduled to take place. If the weather conditions suggest that installation of the

mooring system may carry an increased risk to personnel and/or materials, the installation work

must be postponed until weather conditions improve.

Laying out the mooring system is an extremely important process, and it is crucial to the

functionality and strength of the mooring system that this work be performed correctly.

The following keywords apply to laying out mooring lines:

- All laying out work must be performed in a controlled manner such that the mooring

components are not exposed to powerful jerks and/or sharp edges that risk damaging

components (fraying ropes, for example).

- The mooring lines must be function-tested and inspected to make sure they have

sufficient holding power, and that they are not lying in such a way that they risk chafing

when they are tightened.

5.2 Installation equipment

It is important that the vessel used to lay out the mooring system have sufficient tools and

equipment to perform this type of work. This means ensuring that winches, cranes, etc. have

sufficient capacity. In addition, the tools and equipment to be used for laying out chains must

be correctly dimensioned (see section 3.1 for a detailed description).

Installing a mooring system is a critical operation, and it is essential to ensure observance of all

necessary safety measures. The mooring components must not be subjected to loads they were

not designed to withstand, and care must be taken not to cause damage to components during

installation which risks weakening their construction and properties.

Any installation aids must be removed once the installation work has been finished and before

the mooring system can be considered finally assembled and installed.

5.3 Splicing ropes

Thimbles must always be used when splicing eyes into mooring ropes. The thimble used must

match the rope diameter, and must sit securely in place. If it becomes loose there is a risk that it

may fall out. If this happens there is a serious risk that too great a load will be applied to the

eye, and the mooring rope may part.

To ensure that the splice in a mooring rope is strong enough, we recommend using 6 inserts.




5.4 Installation sequence

The way in which the mooring system is actually installed is likely to vary depending on the

conditions at the site in question, access to vessels and tools, etc.

The Egersund Group recommends the following method for laying out anchors, chains and

rope:

If the site and the mooring system permit use of mooring bolts, start by drilling holes for these

bolts. Then fit the rock bolts and secure them in place with grout suitable for the bolt/ground

conditions.

Frame mooring:

If possible, lay the frame mooring out secured to the anchor lines that are attached to rock bolts

as the bottom fixture. Then fit chains to the rock bolts with shackles. These chains should

normally be 10–15 metres long. Secure the mooring rope to the bottom chain. To the other end

of the mooring rope, attach galvanised chain which can then be attached to the frame.

The Egersund Group recommendations for installing other mooring lines:

Lay out the chain as described in section 3.1. Use a strong rope to lower the anchor slowly

and gently. This will help ensure that the anchor drops correctly to the bottom and in the

right place. At the same time, it will help relieve some of the load exerted on the chain.

The mooring rope must be released slowly so that it is not subjected to strong jerks, as these

can damage the rope. In addition, it is extremely important to make sure it slides out

smoothly without coming into contact with sharp edges, etc. that may damage the rope

fibres.

Mooring lines attached to rock bolts above or below water must first be attached to the bolt

and then laid out in a controlled manner to the mooring point in the installation, buoy/frame

mooring or raft.

No matter which method is chosen, the fish farmer must make sure that the components are not

subjected to strong jerks, as these risk diminishing the breaking strain of the ropes and causing

damage to other components.




5.5 Connection to the buoyancy ring / raft

The mooring system is to be connected to the buoyancy ring/raft at the points indicated by the

manufacturers. If separate fixing eyes have been prepared, the mooring system must be

connected to them using shackles. On some buoyancy rings and steel rafts, separate mooring

tubes have been fitted, where the mooring line can be run up through the tube. The mooring

line is then to be locked in place at the top of the tube.

It is important that mooring lines to a raft are positioned below any mooring lines to the

buoyancy ring. If the raft sinks, its mooring line must not be allowed to pull the buoyancy ring

down with it.

5.6 Function testing

Once the mooring system has been installed, it must be inspected to verify that it has been laid

out in accordance with the requirements stipulated in the mooring analysis and/or any other

calculations and preconditions that have been made.

An inspection of this kind can be performed using an ROV or divers. Make sure that no

anchors are lying on stones/rocks such that they have not gained any purchase. We recommend

checking the holding power by using a winch with a pull meter fitted to the end of the mooring

line, for example.

In addition, check that no ropes or chains are running across rocks, as this may cause wear and

tear to the mooring components.




5.7 Steel constructions and rafts

Steel constructions moored in series without hinges, but with mooring lines between each one

or between several of the buoyancy rings, will not be affected to the same extent by this type of

uneven load. The mooring line length (LKR) is the critical length of mooring between two

buoyancy rings, and it must be sufficiently long (depending on the site) that it does not apply

unnecessarily high forces on the buoyancy rings. This must be dealt with in the dimensioning

of the steel construction. (MAR 2012)

For raft moorings, try to maintain a minimum length of the moorings that is three times the

depth of the anchoring point.

In addition, make sure that the mooring is designed such that if the raft is wrecked, it will have

only minimal effect on the fish farm as a whole, so as to prevent escape.

Rafts anchored using chains only must have lines that are long or heavy enough (damper

weight on short chain) to ensure that lines are not subjected to jerk forces. This applies

irrespective of the type of bottom fixture. [The requirement for horizontal load only on the

anchor also applies, as well as the possible need for a lead weight/chain before the anchor]




5.8 Hinged installation (e.g. Nor Mær, Viking Global)

Ideal anchoring for hinged steel constructions:

- All lines on one and the same side have the same length, direction, dimension and line

type, and they run to the same depth.

- Different lengths on one and the same side can sometimes be compensated by

increasing the rope dimension on the longest lines, such that the lines on one and the

same side obtain the same elasticity. Alternatively, the rope length can be the same on

all lines on one and the same side, while only the chain lengths vary (this latter option is

easiest to deal with). If appropriate, rope lengths can be varied linearly (constant

conditions) on one and the same side.

- The buoyancy rings have the number of lines, line directions and max. load on lines

permitted in the steel construction user manual.

Example of non-ideal anchoring for hinged steel constructions:

- One or more lines on one and the same side are of different lengths.

- One or more lines on one and the same side run to different depths.

- One or more lines on one and the same side are of equal length, and run to the same

depth, but feature different dimensions or are of different types (chain/rope).

- One or more lines on one and the same side are under different tensions.




5.9 Frame mooring

LAYING OUT THE FRAMEWORK The frame should be assembled on land or on board the

laying vessel before it is laid out. Once the frame has been readied, connection plates and

anchor lines to the main stretches should be linked together at the following points:

E.G.

Connection point A is fitted in anchor line nos. 1 and 2 (NE corner)

Connection point B is fitted in anchor line nos. 5 and 6 (SE corner)

Connection point C is fitted in anchor line nos. 11 and 12 (SEW corner)

Connection point D is fitted in anchor line nos. 15 and 16 (NW corner)




You MUST follow the instructions from the plastic ring manufacturer stated in the user manual

for the rings.

These instructions contain information about requirements on minimum frame size, max./min.

depth for connection plates, number of crowsfeet, attachment points and methods.

ADJUSTMENT

Once the main stretches are in place, it is often necessary to adjust the installation and anchor

lines so as to ensure that the installation is placed in the stated position.

Once the installation is in the correct position, the remaining anchors/bolts can be laid out.

Make sure to lay out the anchors/bolts on all sides before tensioning.




Operation, including requirements for maintenance and checking

Fish farmers are encouraged to incorporate routines which ensure that visible mooring

components and connection points are checked every day. This should be done so that any non-

normal conditions are identified as soon as possible. Check that any connection points using

shackles, etc. are not showing any signs of damage, and make sure that the nuts and bolts on all

shackles are securely in place.

If a severe storm is forecast, the fish farmer must take precautions to prevent damage to the

mooring system. This could involve securing equipment on constructions/rafts which, were it

to move and/or fall into the water, might cause damage to mooring components.

The fish farmer should keep a log of inspections and maintenance performed in connection

with the mooring system. The log should be filed so that it can be produced as documentation

in connection with any checks associated with NS 9415 or other bodies.

Any requirements on checking and maintenance prepared by manufacturers of individual

mooring components must be followed.

See the user manual from the manufacturer/importer.

5.10 Inspection of mooring system

The mooring system as a whole should be inspected at least once every three years.

Alternatively, it is permitted to perform inspections between every two releases, as long as this

interval does not exceed approx. four years. This is to ensure that the moorings are not exposed

to wear, tear and damage that might diminish the quality.

Mooring systems, constructions and/or rafts may also be subjected to unexpected external

influences. In such cases, it may be relevant to perform extraordinary inspections of the

mooring components and the mooring system as a whole.

Examples of external influences that may result in inspections being necessary include:

1. Abnormally violent storms

2. Strong collision with construction or raft from other vessels (such as the wellboat/feed

boat).

3. Wreckage/floating objects that may damage the mooring.

All inspection work must be performed by personnel qualified to carry out inspections of this

type, and who can document experience in evaluating the condition of the mooring.

NYTEK REGULATIONS, SECTION 19

Moorings laid out after 1 January 2013 must be inspected within two months of being laid

out, using an underwater camera, remote controlled mini-submarine or corresponding

technology. The time when the inspection was performed and the results of same must be

documented in writing in a separate mooring inspection report. This documentation must be

available at the aquaculture installation to which the inspection applies, or at the shore base

associated with the installation.




5.11 Inspection schedule

This is an inspection schedule recommended by Egersund Net when we are the supplier of the

entire mooring system. If we only deliver individual components, the supplier of the mooring

system will be responsible for drawing up an inspection schedule.

Where there are user instructions for components that differ from this schedule, the user

instructions for the component in question will always take precedence.

COMPONENT MAINTENANCE INTERVAL CHECK POSITION REPLACEMENT

Ropes,

Dyneema and

fibre straps to

crowsfeet

Visual check by

diver/ROV

Every 6

months

Fraying,

chafing or

damage from

sunlight

Crowsfeet Every 5 years or on

visible signs of

wear/damage

Ropes,

Dyneema and

fibre straps to

anchor line

Check by ROV Every 3 years Fraying,

chafing or

damage from

sunlight

Anchor line Every 10 years or

on visible signs of

wear/damage

Ropes,

Dyneema and

fibre straps to

frame

Check by ROV or

divers

Every 3 years Fraying,

chafing or

damage from

sunlight

Frame rope Every 10 years or

on visible signs of

wear/damage

Chain for buoy

attachment

Check by ROV or

divers

Every 6

months

Corrosion/

wear damage

Between buoy

and connection

plate

Every 5 years or on

15% reduced

material thickness





Connection

plates

Check by ROV

or divers

Every 6

months

Corrosion/

wear damage/

fatigue

Under each

buoy with a

chain

Every 10 years

or on visible

signs of wear

around the

fixing point

and chain

Chain

between

anchor and

rope

Check by ROV Every 3

years

Corrosion/

wear damage

Between the

anchor and the

rope

Every 10 years

or on visible

signs of

wear/damage

Foreganger

to anchor

Check by ROV Every 3

years

Corrosion/

wear damage

Between the

anchor and the

chain

Only on visible

signs of

damage

Buoys Visual

check by

divers

Every 6

months

Wear on

chain and

fixture

Measurement

of material

thickness on

chains

On the top of

every frame

point

Chains on

fittings need to

be replaced

every 10 years

or at 13 mm

residual

material

thickness

Shackles Visual

inspection,

aquaculture

technician or

divers

once every

6 months

on visible

shackles

Otherwise,

every 3

years

Corrosion /

wear /

deformations

Tighten nuts

Check split

pins

All

connections

in crowsfeet,

frame ropes

and anchor

lines

Every 10 years

or on visible

signs of

wear/damage





Thimbles in

anchor lines

Check by ROV Once every

six months

on visible

thimbles.

Otherwise

every 3 years

Wear / material

thickness. Check

ropes for

chafing around

the thimble

point.

Anchor lines Every 10 years or

if material

thickness is halved

Thimbles in

frame ropes

Visual

inspection,

aquaculture

technicians or

divers

Once every 6

months

Wear / material

thickness. Check

ropes for

chafing around

the thimble

point.

Frame ropes Every 5 years or if

material thickness

is halved

Thimbles in

crowsfeet

Visual

inspection,

aquaculture

technicians or

divers

Once every 6

months

Wear / material

thickness. Check

ropes for

chafing around

the thimble

point.

Crowsfeet Every 5 years or if

material thickness

is halved

Anchors Check by ROV Every 3

years

Visible signs of

wear around

fixing point,

signs of

dragging

Check position

(GPS)

Lines to anchors Only on visible

signs of wear /

damage

Rock bolts Check by ROV

or divers

Every 3

years

Visible damage

Wear around the

fixing point,

deformation,

fatigue

Lines to rock

bolts

Only on visible

signs of wear /

damage




5.11.1 Inspection of chains and shackles

It is important to ensure the chains are taut. Slack chains are more likely to chafe and must

therefore be inspected more often. If a chain becomes slack, it is important to establish the

cause.

Check the following:

- Deformation in chain links and shackles

Chain links and shackles may have become deformed on account of excessive load or

another external influence. If any components are showing visible signs of deformation,

replace them.

- Cracks/damage

If you spot cracks in the material in one or more chain links, they must be replaced

immediately. The same applies to cracks in shackles. Pay particular attention to damage

as a result of wear and tear or other external influences. Check that the diameter is

within the stated limits and make sure there are no small cracks in the material.

- Rust damage

Untreated chains and shackles will rust, so it is important to take random samples

during inspection rounds to check that the rust has not eroded the steel too much.

- Galvanisation

Galvanised chains and shackles must be checked for cracks and damage to the

galvanisation. Damage to the galvanisation does not constitute an immediate danger,

but the component in question must be checked carefully for signs of erosion as a result

of rust attack.

- Locking

Check the bolts and split pins on the shackles. If any split pins are missing, replace

them. It is also important to try to establish why the split pin was missing, so that

measures can be implemented to prevent something similar happening again.

If you notice minor damage that does not constitute a danger, make sure to mark the relevant

place(s). This will allow you to pay particular attention to these places during subsequent

inspections. It will then be possible to determine whether the damage is progressing and to

decide if the component needs replacing.

It is essential to keep a log of all potential weaknesses marked in this manner.

Otherwise, see the user instructions from the manufacturer / importer.




5.11.2 Inspection of ropes, Dyneema and fibre straps

We recommend inspecting mooring ropes between each release of fish. Ropes must also be

inspected after incidences of extraordinary strain/load, or if you suspect that such loads may

have been applied. Tighten ropes if you notice that they have become slack, or if this is

required on the basis of periodical inspection.

If a rope is heavily covered in marine growth, it may be necessary to remove the growth to

check the rope properly. In such cases, make sure to remove the growth in a manner that does

not damage the rope. If a rope covered in marine growth has any areas without such growth,

check these areas especially carefully. “Naked” areas like these may indicate that the rope has

been exposed to something that scraped away the growth. This could be a floating object that

has worked loose and possibly damaged the rope.

Check the following when inspecting the mooring rope:

- Damage to fibres.

- Splices must be tight, and must not show signs of having become slacker. Check splices

where thimbles have been inserted to make sure that the thimble is securely in position.

- Check whether the rope shows signs of crushing damage, cuts or other indications of

wear caused by foreign objects.

- Make sure that the rope is not positioned so that it chafes against stones, the seabed or

similar. Make sure that the rope is not exposed to chafing or wear from crossing

mooring lines, fish farm units or rafts.


5.12 Replacing components

If mooring components need to be replaced, make sure that the new component features the

same design and properties. To do this, check the new component against the information

stated in the list of components. All new components must be accompanied by a valid

certificate.

In order to replace a vital part of a mooring line, the person responsible for this operation must

be able to document at least two years of experience from the same or similar work.

Replacement of a mooring component is a high-risk operation. The fish farmer responsible is

therefore obliged to ensure that all safety procedures are followed, and that the emphasis

remains on the safety of personnel and materials throughout the process.

New components are to be entered on the list of components with information about production

number, if any, breaking strain and so on.

Non-current and discarded/used mooring components must be delivered to a refuse station

equipped to deal with them.

If mooring lines are changed, moved, expanded, etc. a new mooring analysis must be

performed. Any such changes must be verified to make sure that they are in compliance with

the requirements stipulated regarding strength, etc.




5.13 Inspection plan

We recommend scheduling underwater inspections during periods where underwater visibility

conditions are normally good.


5.14 Documentation of operation, maintenance and replacement

All maintenance work, repairs, inspections and/or modification of the mooring system must be

entered in a separate log so as to be able to document that such work has been performed in

accordance with regulatory requirements and the provisions of NS 9415.

A log of this kind must, as a minimum, contain the following information:

- Action performed (type: inspection, maintenance or repair)

- Result of the action performed

- Necessary follow-up as a conclusion after performance of an action.

- Date of action/inspection performed

- Signature of the person who performed the action.




5.15 Maintenance Log

Suggestion for a maintenance log. Enter date, type of action (maintenance, inspection, repair,

etc.), what was done, conclusion of work performed, signature of person/institution that

performed the action.

Date

Type of

action Description of action performed Conclusion Signature




5.16 Non-conformance handling

In the event of non-conformance with descriptions in the mooring analysis, certificates for systems and/or

components, delivered products (inspection on reception) or user handbooks and/or user manuals, the

mooring supplier must be contacted for approval of use, alternative installation and/or laying out of the

mooring system.

Examples of non-conformances that must be reported to the supplier:

• Damage to packaging that may have an influence on quality

• Incorrect delivery (wrong component)

• Damage to component

• Incorrect positioning of the installation in relation to the mooring analysis, or mistakes

regarding angles, line lengths or depths in relation to descriptions.

• Seabed conditions not in conformance with anchor type selected, and therefore not capable of

providing sufficient holding power.

Use RUH or the Non-conformance chart for reporting and, if possible, take photographs as documentation.




DETAILED EXPLANATION OF VISUAL CHECKS – EVERY 6 MONTHS

During visual inspections, the inspection form must be filled in by the person performing the

inspection.

The 6-monthly inspection may be performed by personnel at the installation, or by persons

hired for this purpose.

During the inspection, all visible connections must be checked and, if appropriate, documented

with photos by divers.

All attachments to constructions must be checked by aquaculture technicians or divers.

All non-conformances must be noted on the attached form. Non-conformances must be

rectified as soon as practically possible. During the next inspection, special attention must be

paid to any points rectified on account of non-conformances/defects.

During the inspections, it is particularly important to make sure:

• That the anchor lines are taut.

• That there are no signs of anchors dragging or uneven load.

• That ropes show no visible signs of chafing or fraying.

• That any buoys are in the right place/on the right line, and have not moved in

relation to their GPS position.

• That attachment points on constructions are not damaged, deformed and/or

corroded.

• That attachment points on any buoys are not damaged, deformed and/or corroded

• That split pins and nuts on shackles are in good condition.

• That connection points and chains are in good condition.




DETAILED EXPLANATION OF CHECKS – EVERY 3 YEARS

NB: The first inspection must be performed immediately after installation of the

moorings, and before the plant is used for the first time. The mooring system is not

considered finalised until this inspection has been performed.

Main inspection of moorings using an ROV or divers must be performed once every 3 years.

During the inspection, the Inspection Form must be filled in.

The main inspection must be performed by the person responsible at the site, along with

personnel with specialist skills in the area.

Any hired personnel must be independent of the client.

ROV and/or divers must be used to inspect components under water.

Documentation/pictures/video from the ROV/diver inspection must be stored at the installation

Video and pictures must be reviewed by both parties, and the form filled in after the review.

All non-conformances are to be noted on the RUH form. Major non-conformances must be

reported to the supplier/suppliers.

Non-conformances must be rectified as soon as practically possible.

During the next inspection, especial attention must be paid to any points that have been

repaired on account of non-conformances or defects.

If special results or considerations require such, more frequent inspections may be requested.

USER MANUAL MOORING - Egersund Trading

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