NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. US Progress in the Commercialization of Advanced Biofuels/Cellulosic Ethanol James D. (Jim) McMillan, Ph.D. Advanced Biofuels Conference Gothenburg, Sweden 18 May 2017
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US Progress in the Commercialization of Advanced Biofuels ...€¦ · Biofuels could displace 30% of liquid transportation ... Syngas Fermentation Aqueous Phase Reforming Biomass
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
US Progress in the Commercialization of Advanced
Biofuels/Cellulosic Ethanol
James D. (Jim) McMillan, Ph.D.
Advanced Biofuels Conference
Gothenburg, Sweden
18 May 2017
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Outline
•Introduction to IEA Bioenergy Task 39
•Current Liquid Biofuels Situation in USA • Energy landscape, drivers and production levels
•Emerging Technologies & New Initiatives
•Summary and Outlook
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IEA Bioenergy Task 39 – Objectives
Facilitate commercialization of conventional and advanced liquid biofuels
An international collaboration between participating countries
Analyze policy, markets and sustainable biofuel implementation
Focus on Technical and Policy issues
Catalyze cooperative research and development
Ensure information dissemination & outreach with stakeholders
POLICY, MARKETS, SUSTAINABILITY &
IMPLEMENTATION TECHNOLOGY AND COMMERCIALIZATION
Catalyze Cooperative
Research
State of Technology &
Trends Analysis
Policy, Market and
Deployment Analysis
Biofuel Deployment
and Information Sharing
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IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Liquid biofuels focus 14 member countries 2016-2018 http://task39.ieabioenergy.com/
European Commission - Luisa Marelli*, Jacopo Giuntoli
Denmark - Claus Felby*, Henning Jorgensen, Michael Persson, Anders Kristoffersen
Germany - Franziska Mueller-Langer*, Nicolaus Dahmen
The Netherlands - Timo Gerlagh*, Christian Koolloos
South Korea - Jin Suk Lee*, Kyu Young Kang, Seonghun Park
Canada - Jack Saddler*, Warren Mabee, Stan Blade
United States – Jim McMillan*
Australia - Les Edye*, Steve Rogers
Austria - Dina Bacovsky*
Japan - Satoshi Aramaki*, Shiro Saka
South Africa - Emile van Zyl*, Bernard Prior
Sweden – Tomas Ekbom*, Leif Jonsson
New Zealand - Ian Suckling*
Brazil - Paulo Barbosa*, Antonio Bonomi, Eduardo Platte
* National Team Leader / Lead country representative
Source: Diagram courtesy of Charles Abbas, ADM (2017). (Modified)
Corn Fiber or DDGs
Anaerobic Digestion (Biogas)
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Corn Fiber Cellulosic Ethanol (CE) Opportunity
• Depending upon approach, increase dry mill yields by 5-10% o Variations span just adding cellulase to installing new pretreatment,
enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation reactors
o Potential in USA to produce an additional 1-1.5 billion gallons CE
• Leveraging current mill infrastructure can greatly lower capital investment compared to building standalone CE plant o On the order of 10% versus 200% or more of dry mill cost, respectively
• Potential to create low fiber, high protein DDG(S) coproduct o May be suitable feed for monogastrics (not just ruminants),
commanding higher price and expanding possible feed markets
• Route to incrementally de-risk CE production, gain producer knowledge and acceptance of CE technology
• Being pursued by leading producers including ADM and ICM
Sources: Charles Abbas (ADM) and Brandon Emme (ICM) (personal communications, 39th SBFC, and patent literature)
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Emerging Technologies & New Initiatives
• Current RD&D focused on “drop-in” infrastructure compatible biofuels; higher ethanol blends also in the mix
• Science and process technology are improving, but economics remain challenging given market conditions
•Highlight developments: • Pyrolysis oil coprocessing in
Cellulosic Ethanol oAbengoa, DuPont, INEOS Bio and POET-DSM CE plant
start ups ongoing; total production levels remain below design capacity but progress being made oDuPont seeks to license to China and Macedonia; no
licenses yet but agreements in place to enable this o Technology robustness and economic viability remain to be fully
demonstrated for ag. residue and woody feedstocks
o Corn ethanol dry mills beginning to implement production of CE from corn fiber (cellulosic fraction of DDGs)
FAME and Renewable Diesel oVO, FOG-based FAME and HEFA production growing
however volumes constrained by feedstock supply
Other advanced routes also progressing but performance info proprietary, not public o Syngas fermentation (e.g., LanzaTech)
oGasification + Fisher-Tropsch (e.g., Fulcrum)
o Pyrolysis + Refinery Coprocessing (e.g., Ensyn)
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Outlook • Terrestrial and aquatic biomass remains our only
renewable source of carbon; it can also be carbon neutral or carbon sequestering.
• CE technologies progress shows power of sustained, focused R&D, with multiple feedstock x conversion process options now being commercialized o Sugar platform approaches dominate but hybrid and
thermochemical gasification routes also progressing
o Economics challenged by low oil price & policy uncertainty
o Market success needed to re-frame biofuels’ image and demonstrate that advanced biofuels “can be done right”
• Commercialization of drop-in hydrocarbon biofuels at earlier stage, with TC routes predominating
• Supportive policies like U.S.’s RFS2 and CARB LCFS are key to expanding advanced biofuels deployment - Needed to ensure a market and foster investment
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More Information • National Renewable Energy Laboratory www.nrel.gov