Us History Lesson 1 From The American Pageant Textbook By: Penny Wood Buckhorn High School.

Us History Lesson 1

From The American Pageant Textbook

By:Penny Wood

Buckhorn High School

In this Lesson

Ice Age - Treaty of Tordesillas

Key Terms…• 1. Ice Age• 2. Land Bridge• 3. Maize

Culture• 4. Mound

Builders• 5. Iroquois

Confederacy• 6. Norse

Seafarers• 7. Spice Trade

8. Renaissance9. Prince Henry the Navigator10. Slave Trade11. Marco Polo12. Conquistadors13. Encomienda 14. Three G’s15. Treaty of Tordesillas

Ice AgeThe eternal question - “How did we get here?”About 10,000 years ago the ice melted from the Great Ice AgeBefore that time people traveled across the ice following herds of animals and/or looking for better places to live

Ice Age

Ice covered 1/3 of the EarthWe are living in a mini ice ageRecent evidence suggests that land in South Africa around Cape Town was one of the habitable places on earth and human population may have dropped to about 10,000 people

Land Bridge

The ice bridge created in the Bering Straight between Siberia and Alaska

“So easy a caveman could do it.”

Maize CultureMaize = cornVery plentiful and easy to growSupported nearly every Native American civilizationSome people worshiped it - AztecsEventually Three Sister Farming would develop: corn, beans, squash

Maize Culture

Mound BuildersKnown as the Mississippian culture that flourished in the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 C.E. to 1500 C.E. Known for their construction of pyramid mounds, or platform mounds. Structures (domestic houses, temples, burial buildings, or other) were usually constructed atop these mounds.

Ancient Employment

Office

Iroquois Confederacy

Five tribes that joined together under the leadership of HiawathaRepresents one of the few confederacies of Native Americans in the New World who would have some influence upon politics

Norse SeafarersEric the Red - banished for manslaughter and founded settlement at GreenlandLeif Ericsson - started settlement in Newfoundland called VinlandNo lasting settlement

Norse Seafarers

Spice TradeDeveloped after the Crusades - set of Wars started by Popes and Kings to reclaim the Holy Land of Jerusalem from the MuslimsOnly one Crusade was successfulPeople though continued to travel to Middle East for spices

Spice Trade

RenaissanceMeans “rebirth”With trade and travel to the Middle East, learning increasedMuslims had preserved some learning from the Roman Empire, which had its last stronghold in modern day Turkey at Byzantium

Roman Emperor Valens’ Aqueduct in Turkey

Marco PoloEuropean trader who traveled to the Far East in search of spices, silk and other productsMarco, like many explorers, tended to get lost a lot. One time he was lost in the desert and he thought his family was yelling his first name, “Marco.” He went around the desert yelling back “Polo.” This is where we get that game we play sometimes. In reality, Marco was simply hallucinating. He traveled as far as China

Marco Polo?

Prince Henry The Navigator

Prince of Portugal who started a sailing school Mapped the coast of AfricaHad much of his crew desert him because of fears of the “Sea of Darkness”Rebirth of learning during the Renaissance brought new knowledge of shipping to Europe

Prince Henry The Navigator

Slave TradePrince Henry had some captives from one of his voyages, so he sold them, starting the slave trade for PortugalUntil 1600 mostly the Portuguese and Spanish traded slaves

EncomiendaA plantation farming system used by the Spanish.The idea was to make a self-sustaining plantation Plantation owners were allowed to take Indian natives as laborers in exchange for Christianizing themReally just another form of slavery

ConquistadorsDuring the 8th century, Spain was conquered by the MuslimsTwo great landowning families, The Aragons and Castilles, united through the marriage of their children, Ferdinand and Isabella and drove out the Muslims out of Spain with their armies The soldiers remained and needed a new conquest...and the New World Awaited - Most explorers are former Spanish soldiers called “Conquistadors” or conquerors

Three G’s There were three reasons people traveled to the New WorldGOLDGODGLORY

Treaty of TordesillasCompetition between

Portugal and Spain for the New World led to many conflictsThe Pope finally made both nations sit down and agree to a treatyThe Pope divided the New World by drawing a line on the map with Spain receiving the territory west of the line

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods between Old and New Worlds

Columbian Exchange

Effects• Many new foods for both Old and New Worlds

• Old World Diseases devastated Native American Populations (Small Pox, Flu)

• Lots of precious metals go to Old World raising prices and creating inflation, but also funding colonies

Lessons Learned/Big

IdeasWeather conditions and hunger led to the migration of people to North America during the Ice AgeDesire for trade led people to leave everything they had ever known and travel into an unknown seaPeople are still moving for opportunity but sometimes, “wherever we go, there we are”

3 - 2 - 1See if you can recall from memory3 key (underlined terms)2 fun facts1 lesson from this presentation

US History Lesson 2:

Explorers of the New World

From The American Pageant Textbook

Key Terms…

1. Christopher Columbus2. Hernando de Soto3. Marco Polo4. Francisco Coronado5. Hernando Cortes6. Aztec Empire7. Francisco Pizarro8. Incan Empire9. John Cabot

10. Northwest Passage11. Giovanni Verrazano12. Jacques Cartier13. Robert la Salle14. Spanish Armada15. Bartolome De Las Casas16. Black Legend17. Pope’s Rebellion

Christopher ColumbusTried for 6 years to get permission from

Queen Isabella to find a western route to AsiaThought it was only 2400 miles to Asia when in fact it was 10,000Stopped judicial proceedings against criminals to try and recruit people to go on the first voyage...only 4 volunteeredLanded at Hispaniola; but never set foot on North AmericaAllowed a boy to steer the Santa Maria one night and it crashed into a reef and sank

Christopher Columbus

Hernando de Soto

Born to middle class parents, he started sailing at 14 to the West IndiesExplored the Southeast US for Spain - Alabama, Florida, ArkansasFirst European to see the MississippiDied at 56 from a fever

Hernando de Soto

Ponce de Leon

Searched for the legendary Fountain of Youth in modern day FloridaNamed Florida which means flowersForced to step down from power because of his treatment of nativesDied from a poison arrow

Ponce de Leon

Francisco Coronado

Searched for the legendary Seven Cities of GoldExplored the Southwest USAlso claimed to see the Mississippi River first along with De Soto

Francisco Coronado

Hernando CortesSold and mortgaged all his lands to travel west but was not allowed to build colonies because the Spanish lords thought he was too ambitiousLanded in Mexico City and went along with the idea that he was the “white skinned” god the people had been waiting forWith the help of small pox and his interpreter Malinche, Cortes conquered the Aztecs, but the Spanish send soldiers to take him out of power because he had abused his powerHe ended up leaving Mexico City and chasing a man who had betrayed himWhen he returned, his city was out of control, and he died shortly thereafter as a bitter manHe left many children he had with Native American women, a new class the Spanish called Mestizos

Hernando Cortes and Aztec King Montezuma

Aztec EmpireBeautiful, vibrant cities with populations of between 5 and 11 millionSophisticated calendars for planting and for keeping timePracticed human sacrifice believing that blood fed the godsAte the bodies of the enemies killed in battleSometimes sold children into slavery Did not allow poor to wear clothes of the rich; punishment was demolishing the poor person’s house

Aztec Empire

Francisco PizarroCousin of CortesConquered the Incan Empire and took $8 million in treasureDiego De Almagro was his partner in exploring South America, but Pizarro took all the credit from the Spanish government A civil war took place between Almagro and Pizarro which ultimately led to Pizarro’s assassination

Francisco Pizarro

Incan Empire• Had over 18,000 miles

of roads• Had a postal system

where postmen ran across rope bridges to deliver communications to the next team. 

• Did skull surgeries successfully

• Used knotted and colored strings, a ‘quipu’ for  records, math and possibly even language

•Believed in reincarnation•Used a form of concrete to construct buildings in which rocks are so close that nothing can fit between them•Used canals and ditches to irrigate their crops in Peru•Used tests to decide if a person should learn a trade or sent to school to become administrators or part of the nobility

Incan Empire

John CabotBorn in Italy, Giovanni Caboto moved to Bristol, England with his family where he asked the King Henry VII to fund an expedition to find the Northwest Passage to IndiaAfter a couple of failed expeditions, he was the second European after the Vikings to land in northern CanadaDied on another sea voyage in 1500

John Cabot

Northwest Passage

A route to the west through the many archipelagos North of CanadaFinally navigated by Roald Amundsen from 1903-06

Giovanni Verrazano

Explored the east coast of NorthAmerica for the King of France From New York to FloridaAfter sailing past Florida, he sailed south toward Jamaica. He decided to land on an island in the area. He and a small crew left the ship to explore but was soon attacked by cannibals and eaten as the rest of the crew watched from the ship, unable to help.

Jacques CartierSailed Up the Mouth of the St. Lawrence River for FranceMade three voyages to the New World and made friends with the Huron IndiansPublished his findings when he returned home after his third voyage

Robert De La Salle

• Sailed down the Mississippi River for France claiming the whole region for their King Louis and naming the area "Louisiana" after his king.

• His last mission was to invade Mexico and conquer that territory held by Spain. He was killed on this mission by the Spanish.