American Pageant

American Pageant

Chapter 10“Launching the New Ship of State”

I. Growing Pains

A) Growing Population-4 million in 1790-doubling every 25 years-90% rural-growing cities-5% lived east of Appalachia

II. Washington for President

A) 1789-Washington unanimously elected President

B) Based on character-not politicsC) Temporary capital-NYCD) 3 Cabinet members

-Sec. of State—Thomas Jefferson-Sec. of Treasury-Alexander Hamilton-Sec. of War-Henry Knox

III. The Bill of Rights

A) States adopted Constitution-Bill of Rights would be added

B) James Madison-led it through CongressC) Include individual liberties, rights in judicial

system and protection of states’ rightsD) Judiciary Act of 1789-created Supreme Court,

federal and circuit courts, and office of attorney general

III. Hamilton Receives the Corpse of Public Credit

A) Alexander Hamilton-British West Indies (from)-Loved country (not countrymen)-Put hands in affairs of other depts.-Attract state financiers-trickle down effect

B) Objectives-improve national credit-Funding at par-federal gov’t would pay debts at face value-assumption-Congress would pay for debts of the states (war for

independence)-MA- ecstatic (large debt)-VA-not happy (obliged-gained DC)

IV. Customs Duties and Excise Taxes

A) Raise $ to pay for $75 million debtB) Tariff-8% on imported goods (Hamilton-Ind.

Rev will come!)C) Excise Tax-7 cents on a gallon of whiskey

V. Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank

A) Hamilton-proposed a national bank-gov’t would be major stockholder-federal surpluses-deposited-funds would stimulate business-print paper money

B) Jefferson-NO!!-no authority in Constitution (state’s rights)-Congress cannot charter banks

C) Hamilton-YES!-necessary and proper to overpower states

D) Bank of the United States-1791-chartered for 20 years-Philadelphia-$10 capital-1/5 by fed. Gov.-many purchased stock

VI. Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania

A) Whiskey Rebellion-pioneers-excise tax against frivolous luxury-whiskey poles- “liberty and no excise”-tarred and feathered revenue officers

B) Gov’t Reaction-13,000 troops went in-put down rebellion-showed strength of federal gov’t

VII. Emergence of Political Parties

A) Hamilton (Federalists)-financial success and gov’t power-infringed on states’ rights

B) Jefferson and Madison (Democrat-Republicans)-against central issues of Hamilton

C) Debut-no parties (national unity)-no long term parties envisioned

VIII. The Impact of the French Revolution

A) 1789-French rose up against Monarchy-proclaimed a republic! (Second Phase of American Revolution?)

B) Federalists-fearing change-strong gov’t collapsed?C) Jeffersonians- “blood drinking cannibals” in the Reign of Terror—knock against federalistsD) Major European War-What to do?

IX. Washington's Neutrality Proclamation

A) Jeffersonians-align with France-alliance of 1778B) Federalists-remain neutralC) Neutrality Proclamation of 1793

-proclaimed neutrality-led to isolationist policy-Washington-feeble army, disunited country,

weak economy…do not need warD) Genêt-French representative-thought US was fully supporting France-tried to get military action-was replaced

X. Embroilments with BritainA) Britain-running posts on American soil in frontier (against

treaty of 1783)-selling guns to Miami tribes for fur-hoping to use natives to hold back Americans

B) Little Turtle-killed hundreds of soldiersC) 1794-Battle of Fallen Timbers-General Wayne crushed Miami tribes-British refused to shelter themD) Treaty of Greenville-tribes gave up land, received $20,000 and $9k a year, right to hunt on landsE) British-struck 300 ships in West Indies-used impressment, etc..

-Jeffersonian-declare war (bad economic move)

XI. Jay’s Treaty and Washington’s Farewell

A) John Jay-sent to GB to settle disputes-Hamilton warned GB of bargaining

B) Jay’s Treaty-GB-leave posts, stop supplying Indians with guns, and pay for ships-USA-pay for merchant ships during war and pay for war debt still owed -Jeffersonians-outraged!

C) Pinckney’s Treaty-Spain-granted Americans navigation of Mississippi, warehouse rights in New Orleans and large disputed territory

D) Washington’s Farewell Address-warned of “permanent alliances”

E) Washington’s legacy-2 term precedent-fiscal stability-stay clear of foreign wars-stay clear of political parties

XII. John Adams Becomes PresidentA) 1796 Election

John Adams-VP of WashingtonThomas Jefferson-Democrat-RepublicansFederalist-”fire eating salamanders”-TJ

B) John Adams-71 to 68 voteTJ-Vice President (repelled by 12th amend)

C) Adams-stern principles, stubborn devotion-no appeal; learned-hated by Hamilton (resigned in 1795)-quarrel with France

XIII. Unofficial Fighting with France

A) France-mad at Jay Treaty (against alliance)-attacked merchant ships in West Indies

B) Adams-Sent John Marshall and 2 other diplomats to France-Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-charge $250,000 for a

meeting with “X, Y, and Z”C) XYZ Affair

-refused to pay-national heroes

D) Navy Department expanded and Marines reestablished-attacked French ships

XIV. Adams Puts Patriotism Above Party

A) Talleyrand-does not need a new enemy-accept diplomat gracefully

B) Adams-will send (outraged Hamilton)C) Napoleon rose to powerD) Convention of 1800

-alliance was over-America pay its damage of merchant ships

XV. The Federalist Witch Hunt

A) Anti-French frenzy-pass laws!B) Alien Laws-targeted undesirable immigrants

-deport foreigners in peace; deport or imprison in war-raised citizenship from 5 to 14 years

C) Sedition Act-illegal to impede gov’t or defame officials-shut Jeffersonian mouths and presses-Congressional elections of 98-99, Federalist

sweep

XVI. The Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions

A) Virginia and Kentucky resolutions-stated Federal gov’t overstepped

constitution-most states did not fall into line-more or less campaign documents-South would use them for secession

XVII. Federalist versus Democratic-Republicans

A) Federalists-those who own, should govern-strong central gov’t with power-support private enterprise, not interfere-tariffs to protect industry-restrictions on speech and press-expand for commercial use-Pro Britain-Alexander Hamilton

B) Democratic-Republicans-rule by masses-weak central gov’t-pro states’ rights-state banks-support all people including poor-pro France-Thomas Jefferson