U.S. Foreign Policy 1920s – 1930s Events Leading Up to World War II.

U.S. Foreign Policy U.S. Foreign Policy 1920s – 1930s1920s – 1930s

Events Leading Up to Events Leading Up to

World War IIWorld War II

A. U.S. returned to policyof isolationism after WWI

B. U.S. refused to join international organizations such as the League of Nations and World Court

I. 1920s: Harding, Coolidge, I. 1920s: Harding, Coolidge, HooverHoover

U.S. Foreign AffairsU.S. Foreign Affairs

C. U.S. promoted world peace by working toward disarmament

1. Review of the 1921 Washington Conference:

a. Four-Power Treaty: Britain, France, Japan, and U.S. pledged to respect each other’s rights in the Pacificb. Five-Power Treaty: 4 + Italy limited naval strengths, different measures for each country

c. Nine-Power Treaty: 5+ Belgium, China, the Netherlands, and Portugal, required signers to uphold the Open Door Policy with China

D. 1927 Kellogg-Briand Pact1. Initiated by French Foreign Minister

Aristide Briand, suggested by Sec. of State Frank Kellogg that all countries join, signed by 62 countries

2. Outlawed war except in self-defense; lacked provisions for enforcement

3. Kellogg-Briand Pact Signed on January 17, 1929; Pres. Coolidge in the White

House

E. 1920 Allies owed the U.S. over $10 Billion – only way for the Allies to pay was to collect money from Germany1. Germany owed over $32 Billion –they could not pay

2. 1924 Dawes Plan –provided loans and allowed Germany more time to complete reparations

II. 1930s: II. 1930s: Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. Foreign PolicyU.S. Foreign Policy

A. 1933 London Economic Conference 1. 66 Nations gathered to attack the

global depression by stabilizing national currencies

2. FDR refused to commit the U.S. until there was some recovery - this sent the world into a deeper economic crisis, (forcing extreme ideas of nationalism across Europe)

B. 1933 “Good Neighbor Policy”1. Applied specifically to Latin America

2. U.S. removed troops from Haiti and Nicaragua that had been there since the 1920s

3. Rejected military action against Mexico and Cuba, using Dollar Diplomacy to negotiate settlements

Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza with President Franklin Roosevelt in Washington in 1939. Eleanor Roosevelt and Salvadora Somoza stand behind them..

C. Recognition of the Soviet Union1. Since 1917, the U.S. refused to

recognize the Soviet Union 2. Because of the Depression, the U.S.

did not see the Soviet Union as a threat – but as a market for food and supplies

3. Main reason to recognize the USSR – FDR believed a strong Soviet Union could hold back an expansionist Japan.

D. Roosevelt’s non-involvement in Europe and withdrawal from Asia (U.S. provided for the Philippines to have independence by 1946), and the Good Neighbor policy suggested the U.S. was giving up its ambition to be a world power.

European Leaders of European Leaders of WWIIWWII

Adolf Hitler - ?Adolf Hitler - ?

Benito Mussolini - ?Benito Mussolini - ?

Joseph Stalin - ?Joseph Stalin - ?

Who led Britain during WWII ? Who led Britain during WWII ? (3 men)(3 men)