URINARY DISORDERS. RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid Gradually they grow larger until they block the ureter.

URINARY DISORDERSURINARY DISORDERS

RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone)RENAL CALCULI (Kidney Stone) Made of crystals of calcium

phosphate and uric acid Gradually they grow larger

until they block the ureter First symptom – severe pain Other symptoms – nausea and

vomiting, urine frequency, chills, fever, and hematuria

RENAL CALCULI RENAL CALCULI (KIDNEY STONES(KIDNEY STONES

Diagnosis – by symptoms, utlrasound, or x-ray

Rx – increase fluids to flush out stones, medications, and if needed - LITHOTRIPSY

LITHROTRIPSYLITHROTRIPSYSurgical procedure to remove kidney stonesShock waves hit dense stones and break

them up Done on outpatient basis

CystitisCystitis Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder

Most common cause – E.Coli

Symptoms = DYSURIA (painful urination) and frequency

Usually in females (shorter urethra)

Rx - antibiotics

NephritisNephritis

Inflammation of the kidney (kidney infection)

IncontinenceIncontinence

Involuntary urination

DialysisDialysis Used for kidney failure Involves the passage of

blood through a device with semipermeable membrane

Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney

HemodialysisHemodialysis Blood from patient flows

through machine and its filtered

Usually a FISTULA is created (opening between vein and artery) for inserting needles

Can be done at home or in clinic

Takes 2-4 hours, 2-3 times a week

Peritoneal DialysisPeritoneal Dialysis Uses the peritoneal

lining to filter blood

Dialysate (cleaning solution) flows in and out via a catheter tube

Kidney TransplantKidney Transplant Done as a last resort Involves donor organ

from someone with a similar immune system

Main complication - rejection

Urinary ConditionsUrinary Conditions

ENURESIS - bedwetting GLYCOSURIA – sugar in urine

NOCTURIA – frequent urination at night Hematuria – blood in urine

More Urinary ConditonsMore Urinary Conditons

Polyuria—large amounts of urine

Anuria—no urine is produced

Oliguria—small or scant amount of urine—early sign of kidney failure

Pyuria—pus in the urine

DiureticDiuretic

Also called “fluid pill”Drug or substance to increase urine

production