Urban Decay

Urban Decay

Architecture and Town Planning

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Urban Decay

Urban decay (also known as urban rot and urban blight) is the process whereby a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decaying worse conditions.

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Why Urban decay

Urban decay may as a result of deindustrialization, depopulation or changing population, economic restructuring, abandoned buildings, high local unemployment.

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Deindustrialization

Deindustrialization is a process of social and economic change caused

by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a

country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry. It is

an opposite of industrialization

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Engr. Mansoor Khan

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de-industrialization

The term de-industrialization has been used to describe the decline of labor intensive industry in a number of countries and the flight of jobs away from cities. One example is labor intensive manufacturing.

After free-trade agreements were instituted with less developed nations in the 1980s and 1990s, labor intensive manufacturers relocated production facilities to third world countries with much lower wages and lower standards. In addition, technological inventions that required less manual labor eliminated many manufacturing jobs.

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depopulation

It is a term usually used to describe any great reduction in a human population.

It can be used to refer to long-term demographic trends, as in urban decay or rural flight, but it is also commonly employed to describe large reductions in population due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes.

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Engr. Mansoor Khan

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Economic restructuring

Economic restructuring refers to the phenomenon of Western urban areas shifting from a manufacturing to a service sector economic base.

As cities experience a loss of manufacturing jobs and growth of services, a widening of the social hierarchy occurs where high-level, high-income, salaried professional jobs expands in the service industries alongside a greater incidence of low-wage, low-skilled jobs, usually filled by immigrants and minorities

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A rise in Unemployment leads to urban decay

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Shift in economy and policies

Since the 1970s and 1980s, urban decay has been associated with Western cities, especially in North America and parts of Europe. Since then, major structural changes in global economies, transportation, and government policy created the economic and then the social conditions resulting in urban decay

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Urban Renewal

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Definition

The process where an urban neighborhood or area is improved and rehabilitated.

Urban renewal is a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use.

Following World War II, and continuing into the early 1970s, “urban renewal” referred primarily to public efforts to regenerate the urban sector.

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An Example of Sheffield the super tram)

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Definition (Contd…)

A continuous process of remodeling older parts of urban areas, including their central business areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment.

The displacement of an existing low-income population, creating space for more profitable office, commercial and luxury residential development or the provision of transport facilities.

Architecture and Town Planning

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Urban renewal (Brazil)

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Scope/ Tasks involved

Urban renewal may involve relocation of businesses. massive demolition of structures. slum clearance and rehabilitation. the relocation of people, and necessary changes in the local and state

legislation.

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Purpose

Urban renewal is usually undergone for the purposes of persuading wealthier individuals to come live in that area.

Urban renewal is often part of the gentrification process.

Gentrify: to change an area making it suitable for living

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Origin of Urban Renewal

Term “Urban Renewal” is American in origin.

Emerged in the late 1940s (post-war) as an attempt to revitalize central cities.

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Underlying Concept

Urban Renewal programs are generally undertaken by public authorities or by local governments.

The emphasis is on those parts which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability. These are commonly to be found in: The residential parts of the inner city, In the central business district itself.

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Indicators: When to Take Decision…?

Indicators for residential parts of inner cities are: Inadequate housing, Environmental degradation, Presence of non-conforming uses.

Indicators for central business district are: Traffic problems, Congestion, Substandard buildings.

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Approaches: How to Tackle the Problem…? Slum Clearance

Demolition of substandard dwellings located in a slum (an area of sub-standard, overcrowded housing occupied by the poor immigrants).

Redevelopment The demolition of an existing building and its

replacement by a new building. Rehabilitation

The repair and improvement of existing structurally sound property.

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Slum clearance

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Slum redevelopment project

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Slum rehabilitation

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Approaches (Contd…)

Housing Improvement Improvements of dwellings by provision of

essential basic amenities. Environmental Improvements

Main emphasis is to improve environmental conditions.

Economic Renewal Improvement of economic conditions of

dwellers.Architecture and Town Planning

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Housing improvement

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Housing improvement

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Housing improvement

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Environmental improvement

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Economic renewal

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Industrial estates and jobs

New industrial estates with enough labour residence capacity having water, sewerage and electricity should be provided.

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Transport…an important sector

Transport:Transport facilities need to be improved to improve

living conditions

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Urban Renewal Projects

Following projects fall under Urban Renewal: Redevelopment projects. Economic development strategies. Housing loans and other financial tools. Street improvements. Transportation enhancement. Historic preservation projects. Parks and open spaces.

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A Video of Graham Young’s Lecture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnrB1YRgzXo Thanks…

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Cadastral mapping

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Cadastral mapping

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