uQÑ-¤Ø ıMc™ †

uQÑ-¨Ø õMcƒ ²

T ¨< Ý

`°e Ñê

T¨

SÓu=Á

.›?.› T`‹ 25 k” 1807 ¯.U. ¾ì[ v`’ƒ IÓ u]¡ KSËS]Á Ñ>²? ¾Å’ÑÑ‹¨<

”ÓK=´ ”ÅJ’‹ ènM:: ÃI ¾ì[-v`’ƒ IÓ uY^ Là ŸªK 200 ¯Sƒ” ÁeqÖ[

u=J”U ›GgÖ< c?„‹' I퓃“ ¨”Ê‹ ŸÑ>²? ¨Å Ñ>²? lØ^†¨< ¾}u^Ÿ} SU×~ up`u<

u}Å[Ñ< Ø“„‹ }[ÒÓ×DM::

vK”uƒ ²S” ¾}Å[cuƒ ¾dÔe“ ‚¡•KAÍ= UØkƒ u›ÖnLà ¾¯KT‹”” I´w

¾’

2

GK=Ä” ¾T>J’J’< GÑa‹ K"Slave

Trade" S’h' U”ß ¨Ã”U S}LKòÁ ¨Ã”U SÇ[h ”ÅJ’< ›ekU×DM::

ÃI ›ddu= ‹Ó` u›G

3

GÑ^‹”U Ÿ‹Ó\ }Öm‹ S"ŸM ›”ÇD “ ¾IÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨J’"H@É ’¨

4

Ÿ²=IU ¨ ÃÖ^M::

uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ É”u` Ts[Ø /Human Smuggling/

¾}vu\ƒ S”ÓYƒ É`σ ›?.›. u2®®® ›êÉq v¨×¨< uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ

É”u` ¾Ts[Ø ýa„¢M Là c‹ u¾we ¨ÃU u›¾` ¾›”É” ›Ñ` É”u` uIÑ-¨Ø

S”ÑÉ ¾T>hÑ\uƒ” GðêSÁeðêS

5

1. ¾‹Ó\ Ñê u›=ƒÄåÁ

1.1. ›ÖnLà G²? ›Ø”„ KTp[w ›e†Ò] eKT>J” ›ÖnLÃ

Ñî¨< ”Å}Öuk J• u›w³—¨< ¨Å S"ŸK— Ue^p ›Ña‹ uT>Õ²J’< c?„‹ Là ƒŸJ’J’

6

ÃIU ¾T>Ád¾¨< c?„‡” ŸHÑ` ”Ç=¨Ö< ŸT>ÁeÑÉÇD†¨< Óò„‹ (push factors)

S"ŸM ¾Y^ ›Ø’ƒ ¨Ã”U Y^ KTÓ–ƒ ÁL†¨< l`Ö˜’ƒ ›”Æ U¡”Áƒ ”ÅJ’

’¨ÁdÉ\

Ñ

7

u²=G< ›T"Ã’ƒ K›ÅÒ ¾T>ÒKÖÖlSJ’SÖ

8

ÑÖ^T ¡õKA‹ uSeóóƒ LÃ ÃÑ—KÁeðêS< S[Í‹ ÃÖlTK

9

uŸ?”Á uŸÕ²< IÑ-¨Ø eÅ}™‹ ¾u²< SØ}ªM:: uSJ’

10

ÔkdkdKJ” Ñ>²?

Ÿq¿ u%EL uú"ý SŸ=“ Ñ

11

Ç`‰ Là ¨ÅT>Ñ–< Ÿ}V‹ Ñ

12

Se¢‹ Là ¾}WT\ “†¨

13

u}KÃU uu?Ã\ƒ' u}vu\ƒ ›[w ›?T@_„‹' ud®ÑÅÆ SJ’

14

uÆvà “ uu?Ã\ƒ ŸT>Ñ–W\ SJ’Á[ÒÓÖ< “†¨

15

¨< UY^p GÑa‹ ŸT>Ñ–ðìUv†¨< “ Ÿ’²=IU ¨J’¾T>Å`ev†¨< SJ’‡ ›”í` ÅÓV 69.7% Ønƒ¾T>ðìS¨< uc?ƒ ›W]‹ c=J”' 15.2% Ønƒ ÅÓV ¾T>ðìS¨< u›c]“ W^}— ›Ñ“˜›?Ë”„‹ ”ÅJ’ ¨‰K¨<

uS"ŸK—¨< UY^p uu?ƒ W^}˜’ƒ }kØ[¨< ŸT>c\ c?ƒ ›=ƒÄåÁ¨J’ðìUv†¨< “†¨

16

u›ÖnLà ’²=I c?„‹ vKTs[Ø ¾T>Å`ev†¨Å[Ñ< c=J”' uK?L uŸÁcTb†¨< uK?KA‹ Ï Ÿ¨Ål ÅÓV ¾¨c=w w´u³ ”ÅT>ðêS„‹

uIÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨WT\ c?ƒ ›=ƒÄåÁ©Á” IÑ<

¾T>ðpŨ

17

¾SÇ[h HÑa‹ ¾migrant workers Swƒ ¾SÖup ÓÈ ”ÇKv†¨< }kU×DM:: u¢”y?”i’<

Ÿ}Ÿu\ Sw„‹ S"ŸMU ª“ ª“‡:-

¾migrant workers ¾Y^ G

18

2. ¾‹Ó\ S”e¯@‹ (U¡”Á„‹)

2.1. ¾›=ƒÄåÁ TIu^©“ ›=¢•T>Á© G²? e^ ¾K?L†¨< ”Å’u[ ÃÑSM:: uÖpLL u›w³—¨<

KIÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨

19

¨Ø ´¨ÔÉL†¨< SJ’

20

IÑ-¨Ø ÅLKA‹

ŸIÒ© ¾y=³ ›Ã’„‹ ¨c׆¨<

¾QÓ ŸKL ›KS•` ¨ÃU ´pƒ— SJ’< K‹Ó\ Seóƒ ›e}ªê* ÁÅ[Ñ ÃÑ—M::

QÑ-¨Ø ÅLKA‹ ¾T>ÖkTE†¨Áe‹M ¾cKÖ’ ¾c¨< HÃM Twnƒ ›KS‰K

21

uSkÁ¾` ”Ç=u^Ÿ~ ÁÅ[Ñ ÃÑ—M:: Ÿ²=G< Ò` u}ÁÁ² ¾Y^ ¢”ƒ^ƒ KSð^[U

k×]¨< ¾T>Ö¾k¨< ¡õÁ Ÿõ}— ’¨< uT>M p_ k×]‹ ÃI”” LKS¡ðM Ñ”kdkc< É`Ï„‹“ ÓKcx‹ uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ c?„‹” uT²ª¨` Y^ ¨d}ñuƒ G

22

uT>ÁÅ`ÑcØ c=J”' ƒ¡¡K— ¾J’< ’ÒÈ‹

¾T>ÖkS

23

¾¨†Ñ\ KT¨p }‹LDM:: Ÿ²=IU vhÑ` ›”Ç”É ¨LЋ

Ÿõ}— ¾ƒUI`ƒ Å[Í “ Y^ ÁL†¨

24

uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾T>¨Ö< ²?Ô‹ Là ¾T>Å`c< ¾›"M Ñ‹) IÑ-¨Ø uSJ“†¨< ‹Ó\” SÅu— uJ’ S”ÑÉ ŸU”Û

KT¨p' KT×^ƒ“ ›óט ULi KSeÖƒ ›e†Ò] ›É`ÔM::

É”u` }q××]‹

KIÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨ÁÅ`Ñ< ’¨cÖ“ uÓMî KSK¾ƒ' ›W^^†¨¨eƃ ¾SõƒN? `UÍ‹

þK+"©“ IÒ© ¨

25

and Implementation of Policies Regarding such Migration" ”Å ÓÈ ”ÇekSÖ T¾ƒ

ÉLM::

¨Å ›Ñ^‹” GÖkc< “†¨‰K¨< IÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹” ´¨ S/u?„‹U

’²=I ¨Ñ•‹ ¾IÑ-¨Ø ´¨

26

LÃ ¾}kSÖ~ ¨d}ñ

IÒ© ›"Lƒ” KSq×Ö` uT>Å[Ѩ< Ø[ƒ Là ›K’ÓÆ ›"Lƒ Là K=×M ¾T>Ñv¨< p׃ KÉ`Ñ>†¨<

}S×ט“ K=Áe}U^†¨< ¾T>Ñv SJ’< ŸÓUƒ ¾Ñv u=J”U u›ðíìU [ÑÉ ¾T>¿

‹Óa‹ ›K×K¨< p׃ ›’e}— ¨ÃU

¨Ø’ƒ ¾ÔÅK¨< J• ÃÁM:: u›ÖnLà uc‹ S’ÑÉ ¾T>K¨< ê”c-Hdw ƒ¡¡K—

ƒ`ÕT@ ÁM}cÖ¨< uSJ’< “ ‹Ó\ c=Ÿcƒ ¾T>¨cŨ< ¾IÓ ›}[ÕÔU SKÁ¾ƒ

›Øò‹ }Ñu=¨ÁÅ`Õ†¨< Ó”–J” c’É KTÓ–ƒ ›e†Ò] uSJ’<

uS[Í ›cvcw “ ›Øò‹” KIÓ ŸTp[w ›”é` ‹Ó` c=ðØ` ÃÁM:: u}ÚT]U

’²=I IÑ-¨Ø ÓKcx‹ ¡e uT>Sc[ƒv†¨< ¨pƒ Ÿ}uÇÄ‹ Ò` É`É` uTÉ[Ó “

Ñ”²v†¨Á ¾T>à uSJ’<

IÑ

27

uT>c=Ä•‹ u}ª[É eKT>cÖc=Ä•‹' ¾W^}—“ TIu^© Ñ’>e‚`' ¾õƒI T>’>e‚`'

¾›=T>Ó_i” “ ¾eÅ}™‹ Ñi” “ ¾}KÁ¿ ¾¡MM S”Óeƒ “ ›eðéT> S/u?„‹ }Öni

“†¨‚ ›vL~ ¨ÃU }¨"à S/u?„‡ }ÖÁm’ƒ“ HLò’ƒ u}Luc G

28

3. ¯KU ›kó©“ ›Ñ^© ¾IÓ T°kö‹

3.1. ¯KU ›kó© ¾IÓ T°kö‹

¯KU ›kõ ¢”y?”i•‹

IÑ-¨Ø ¾e‹ ´¨Áe‹K< IÒ© SW[„‹” ›ekUÖªM::

IÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨

29

ILO Conventions No. 182 on the Worst Forms of Child Labour ¾T>KM ýa„¢M ›êsM:: ÃI ýa„¢M

K›õ]" c?„‹ cò ¾c=y=M' ¾þK+"' ¾TIu^©' ¾vIM “ ¾›=¢•T> Swƒ ¾T>cØ

ŸSJ’

30

›”kê 4 lØ` 1 "Every women shall be entitled to respect for her life and the integrity

and security of her person all forms of exploitation, cruel, inhuman or degrading and

treatment shall be prohibited."

›”kê 4 lØ` 2 "states parties shall take appropriate and effective measures to"

g) Prevent and condemnen trafficking in women, prosecute the perpetrators of such

trafficking and protect those women most at risk."

u›õ]" Å[Í u}Óv` Là ŸªK< IÑ-¨Ø ´¨Ñv¨< ›ÖÁÁm ›ÃÅKU::

u›ÖnLà u¯KU ›kõ “ u›IÑðìS< ¾›ÉM* É`Ñ>„‹” ”ȃ

Te¨ÑÉ ”ÅT>‰M (To combat discriminatory practices on migrant workers in host

countries)'

¾Migrant Workers ¾Y^ “ ¾cw¯© Swƒ ”ȃ TeÖup ”ÅT>‰M

(Protection of the human and Labour rights of migrants workers)'

¾IÑ-¨Ø ´¨

31

’²=I” eUU’„‹ SkuM“ TêÅp u}Kà ”Å ›=ƒÄåÁ LK< ¾‹Ó\ }Öm‹

¾J’< GÑa‹ ¾}KÁ¿ ØpV‹” ”ÅT>cØ ÃS“M:: Ÿª“ ª“ ÖkT@‹ S"ŸMU

¾T>Ÿ}KðìS< ¾labour eUU’„‹ ¯KU ›kõ

Å[Í“ òƒ ”Ç=•^†¨< ”Å T°kõ ÁÑKÓLK¨cÆ uÓMê }kU×DM:: u²=IU

SW[ƒ ŸLà ¾}²[²\ƒ “ ›=ƒÄåÁ }kwL ÁìÅk‰†¨< ¾¯KU ›kõ “ ›IÑ

32

¾T>Ã c=J”' uK?L uŸkSÖ< uSJ’< uY^ LÃ KTªM "eðKÑ uwN?^© Å[Í ´`´` ¾TeðìT>Á IÑA‹

K=¨×L†¨< ¾T>Ñv J• dK ÃI vKSŸ“¨’< ‹Óa‹ ÁÒØTKÑu< ›=ƒÄåÁ¨WT\ƒ u›w³—¨< c?„‹ uSJ“†¨

33

QÑ-S”Óeƒ

IÑ-S”Óe~ ucw¯© Sw„‹ e` u´`´` "ekS׆¨< É”ÒÑ@‹ ›”Æ uc‹

S’ÑÉ” ¾T>ŸK¡K¨< É”ÒÑ@ c=J”' u²=I ”®Ÿ}K¨Å`e p׃ ”ÅT>kÖ< u}Sddà ›ekU×DM:: ÃGgõ’¨< ÁK}Õÿ õnÉ uTeÑÅÉ ¾T>Å[Ó IÑ-¨Ø ´¨

34

KSp׃ ”Ç=‰M ¾p׃ SÖ’~” KSŸLŸM ¾T>Áe‹K<

É”ÒÑ@‹” ›ekU×DM::

u›Ç=c< ¾¨”ËK— SpÝ IÓ IÑ-¨Ø ¾c‹ ´¨Å`e ê’< e^ƒ“ eŸ

GUd g=I uT>Å`e Skà K=k× ”ÅT>‹M IÑ< ÃÅ’ÓÒM::

u²=I [ÑÉ IÑ-¨Ø É`Ñ>~” KTeðçU }uÇÄ‹” uÑ

35

u}ÚT] ›ªÌ u›”kê 40 uIÑ-¨Ø S”ÑÉ ¾T>"H@Æ ¾¨kÖÁek× "MJ’ ue}k` u›”kê 40/1/K SW[ƒ T”—¨

36

4. SõƒH@ (¾¨Åòƒ °`UÍ)

ÃI” IÑ-¨Ø ´¨ÁðMn†¨~ uT>cT\ c‹ Là ¾¡e óÃKA‹

eKT>Ÿð~ ›w³—‡ u²=I IÑ-¨Ø e^ KScT^ƒ ”ÅTÃÅõ\ ¨Ñv†¨< u‚K?y=»” ßU` cò pekd

ÃÅ[ÒM:: ¾Ó”³u? TeÚuÝ Ø[~ Ø\ ”Å[Ç“ ²?Ô‹U ¨

37

_´Ç”ƒ u=a' ¾W^}—“ ¾Y^ pØ` Ç=û`ƒS”ƒ' ¾õƒQ Ç=û`ƒS”ƒ “ ¾¨Ö^ }sU uY\ ÁK¨< c=J”' ÃIU ¢T>i” KY^ ¨Å ¨¨Ö<

²?Ô‹” u}SKŸ} ¾pÉS-pØ` *[”‚i”' vIL©' ƒUI`©“ ¾¡IKAƒ eMÖ“' SMf

¾TssU ÉÒö‹”' Óß„‹” ¾Sõƒ“ ¾IÓ ÉÒõ' Ku?}cx‹“ ØÑ™‹ ›=¢•T>Á©“

TIu^© ›ÑMÓKAƒ ¾SeÖƒ' uSÇ[h ›Ñ^ƒ ¾ƒUI`ƒ“ ¾s”s eMÖ“ ¾SeÖƒ'

¾²?Ô‹” Swƒ“ ØpU ¾SÖup“ ¾TeŸu` }Óv^ƒ” uª“’ƒ ¾TŸ“¨” YM×”“

Lò’ƒ }WØ„M::

¾W^}—“ ¾Y^ pØ` Ç=û`ƒS”ƒ uuŸSKŸ~ TKƒU ¾W^}— UMSL' ¾S[Í“ ¾*[”‚i”' Ø”no“ ”¡w"u?' Kk×]

›?Ë”„‹ ðnÉ ¾SeÖƒ“ lØØ` ¾TÉ[Ó' u¨Ñ–< ²?Ô‹ Ò` ¾}ÁÁ²< ¾IÓ“ TIu^© Ñ¡ “ ¾ƒUI`ƒ eMÖ“

“ MTƒ vKYM×” “†¨Ñ–¨Ñ–¨< ¾eÅ}™‹ u=a

›T"˜’ƒ c=J”' ÃI u=a ¾}kLÖð ¾Y^ eU]ƒ ”Ç=•` uTÑ´' “ uSÓu=Á“

S¨+ ƒUI`ƒ u?ƒ ›ÑMÓKAƒ “ ¾s”s ƒUI`ƒ ¾SeÖƒ'

- eK òK=ú”e ²?ÑA‹“ k×]‰†¨< “ ¾›W]“ W^}— ›Ñ“˜ ›?Ë”„‹ S[Í

(Watch List and Black List) ¾SÁ´'

- ¾›=¢•T>“ ¾TIu^© Ñ

38

- ¾›?Ë”„‹” ¾Y^ ”penc? ¾SŸ}M' ¨²}...

}Óv^ƒ” ÁŸ“¨c=Ä•‹ ¨’ƒ uSSÅw

¾W^}— ²?ÑA‡” Swƒ“ ØpU KTeÖup ¾T>Áe‹K¨¨p

c=J”' ¾c?„‹” M¿ GSÅu< ¾K?u`

›g?‹ “ ¾welfare c^}™‹ u›w³—¨< c?„‹ ”Ç=J’< }Å`ÕM::

Ÿ2®,®®® uLà ¾òK=ú”e ²?ÑA‹ uT>Ñ–Å[Ó c=J”' ÃI T°ŸM ^cÁeðMÒ†¨< ¾Ñ>²?Á©

SÖKÁ SeÖƒ” ÁÖnMLKÑ–

39

integration Center for Filipino Workers (NRC) ¾T>vK¨< ’¨Á"H>ƃ” pÉS-U`S^ "Kñ u%EL ’¨

40

ðnÉ ›Ó˜}¨< ¨Å Y^ ¾}WT\ ›?Ë”c=‹ ¾T>ÁŸ“¨c=Ä•‹ c=J”' ¾W^}— T>’>e‚` uuŸ

41

- ¨Å HÑ^†¨< SSKe KT>ðMÑ< ¾SSKe'

- uY` u?ƒ ¾T>Ñ–< ²?ÑA‹ cw¯© Sw†¨< }Öwq õƒQ ¾T>ÁÑ–Kkluƒ” Gc=Ä•‹ "ŸSÅu—¾›?Uvc=‹ Y^" u}ÚT] uc^}˜’ƒ }kØ[¨< ¾T>c\ ²?Ô‹” ÑŸ}K}ÇÅ\ 21 ¾TWMÖ— }sTƒ uSL HÑ]~ ¨

42

- ŸSÇ[h ›Ñ^ƒ c?„‹' Ÿ›Ua Ý“' Ÿw†˜’ƒ' ŸvIM Ó߃' Ÿ›Ua

S¨¡' Ÿ“õqƒ Ò` u}ÁÁ² ¾T>ðÖ\ ‹Óa‹” KSssU ¾T>Áe‹K<

eƒ^‚Í=‹” (strategies to overcome disorientation to core values' emotional pressure'

loneliness' culture shock' anxiety' psychological breakdown)'

- SMf SssU” (Re-integration) “ ¾SdcKÁ"ƒ~ c=J”' ›w³—¨< ¾YMÖ“ ýaÓ^V‹ ¾}k¾cWT\ c?„‹ ¾T>ÒØT†¨

43

TeÚuÝ ²S‰‹” uT"H@É' ¾T>SKŸ†¨Å[Ñ<

”penc?‹ Là ƒŸÑ˜ c=J”' ¾IÓ ›eŸv] ›"LƒU

u²=I [ÑÉ }Ñu=¨ÖkTE†¨

44

.›?.›. Ÿ2003-2004 vK¨< Ñ>²? ¨

45

¨~” ¾SŸLŸM“

K}ÔÍ=‹ ¾TÑÑT>Á `UÍ‹” ¾S¨~” ¾SŸLŸM' ¨”ËKA‹” ¾Sp׃“

}ÔÍ=‹” SMf ¾TssU“ ŸTIu[uu< Ò` SMc¨< ”Ç=kLkK< ¾TÉ[Ó Y^‹”

›”Óx .›?.›. Ÿ2002-2005 ¾T>}Ñ` S`H-Ów` ›²ÒÏ„ ’u`:: °pÆ ”Ç=}Ñu` ¾T>’>e‚`

S/u?„‹” u›vM’ƒ Ákð ›?Ë”c= }ðØbM:: ›?Ë”c=¨< ›e}vv] "¨Ö^

c=J”' uT>’>eƒa‹ U¡` u?ƒ u}LLð ƒ°³´ SW[ƒ S`H-Ów\ uƒ¡¡M eKS}Óu\

¡ƒƒM ÁÅ`ÒM' u²`ñ ¾T>SKŸ†¨Ÿ}K

46

U” ÁIM ”ÅJ’ ¾T>K"uƒ ª’—¨< S”ÑÉ ŸSJ’Ád¾¨< ¨Åòƒ uGÑ^‹” ¾T>k[ç¨<

þK=c= u}“ÖM ¨”ËK™‹” ›dÊ uSÁ´“ uSp׃ ¨Ã”U IÒ© ¾¨Ö` dÃJ” ª’— KJ’< GÅ`d†¨< ØqT ßU` SÅu— uJ’ S”ÑÉ e` u?„‹”' JeúKA‹”'

¾›=T>Ó_i” u=a‹”' þK=e ×u=Á‹”' SÖKÁ eõ^‹”' õ`É u?„‹”' ¨²}...

SÔw–ƒ“ ¾²?Ô‹” Swƒ“ ÅI”’ƒ ¾SŸ}M“ ¾TeÖup e^‹”“ }SddÃ

}Óv^ƒ” TŸ“¨” ”ÇKv†¨< u¨‰Muƒ”

›p×Ý Sk¾e ÁeðMÒM::

47

u›GÁe‹K< T>c=Ä•‹ u}TEL G’>eƒa‹ ¨ÃU }Sddà Å[Í ”Å VMÊz ¾Ò^ SÉ[¡ ¨ÃU wH@^© ¢T>‚

uTssU vKe}ªK< ¡õ}„‹ ”Ç=GÑKÑMuƒ“ c’ʇ”

u›Óvu< ¾T>Öwpuƒ ›”É sT> êIðƒ u?ƒ ”Ç=•[¨< ÁeðMÒM:: u²=I uŸ

48

KTek[ƒ' K‹Ó\ wnƒ ÁK¨< ULi KSeÖƒ “ ¨Åƒ ›Sˆ ¾J’< ¾›c^` H>Å„‹” TKƒU ÑSKŸ†¨< ›"Lƒ Ò` uÒ^ ‹Óa‹ ²¨Á¿“ ¨‚‹” TssU ÁeðMÒM::

ÃI ÑÁT¡`

›"M ^cÁeðMÓ c=J”' Ÿ²=I ›”é` ¯KU ›kõ ¾õMcƒ É`σ (IOM) Ÿ›GÑ–¨

49

u›G²? u›Ñ^‹”“ “ u›¨i” S"ŸM ¾Ò^ plat-form ¾}Sc[} c=J”'

u²=I Sc[ƒU u²=I ²c\ e^‰‹” Ÿ¢T>i’< Ò` ”Ç=ÁÁ²< ¾}Å[Ñ ÃÑ—M::

eKJ’U ÃI” ð` kÇÏ ¾J’ Ó”–ÁeðMÓ c=J”' ²?Ô‹ IÑ-¨Ù‹” c=ÁÒMÖ<

¨ÃU ØqT c=cÖ< SMf u¨”ËK™‡ ›ÅÒ ¨ÃU Ønƒ ”ÇÃÅ`ev†¨< ÑeØ` TeŸ?É' K²?Ô‹ ¨ÃU }vv] ›"Lƒ ›eðLÑ>¨’> T>Ç=Á' u¡uvƒ' u°Éa‹'

¨×„‹ TIu^ƒ' uHÃT•ƒ }sTƒ' ¨²}... ›T"˜’ƒ Ku?}cw ›vLƒ (²?Ô‹) S[Í

¾T>Å`euƒ”' Ó”³u? ¾T>ÚwÖ ’¨e‚`'

50

SŸLŸÁ T>’>e‚`' ¾¡MM Se}ÇÉ` ›"Lƒ' ÑÑu‹K< ‹Óa‹' ^d†¨‹K G‹M T°ŸM ”Å òK=ú”e TssU uGÑ` ¨‹K

51

U”U ”"D QÑ-S”Óe~ ²?Ô‹ ¨ÅðKÑ’" ŸJ’ SŸMŸM ”ÅT>‰M SÑKê Õ`uM:: eKJ’U ¾²?Ô‹”

¡w`' Swƒ“ ÅI”’ƒ KSÖup ¾Ñ²ÒÌ SÉ[¢‹ }dò uSJ” ¾TeðçU ›pU” KTdÅÓ' uÑ ’¨Å[Óuƒ ›c^` u“²SÉ” eU KIÑ-¨Ù‹ uS^Ÿƒ ›e}ªê*

ÁÅ[Ñ eKJ’ ›c^\ ÇÓU ¾T>ð}iuƒ” G

52

T>c=Ä•‹ }’di’~” ¨eŨ< (Proactive J’¨‹K²?¨< Sð}i' QÑ-¨Ø UMSL“ pØ` ¾T>ÁŸ“¨

53

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Ghana and Nigeria. Accra: AD Conseil. IOM (2006). Report On The Experience Sharing Visit Of Overseas Employment To The

Philippines, IOM, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ephrem Beshah (2008). Coverage of human trafficking: Analysis of ‘Enewaq’ programme.

Unpublished MA thesis Addis Ababa University, School of Journalism and Communication. Emebet Kebede, Ethiopia: An Assessment of The International Labour Migration Situation, The

case of Female Labour Migrants, GENPROM Working Paper No. 3, Geneva. Girmay Kahassy (Com.) (2007). Human Trafficking In Ethiopia: The Law and Practice: A Thesis

For First Degree In L.L.B, Ethiopia Civil Service College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Taye Tesfaye (2002). FDRE Consul General in Lebanon, "Assessment of the Conditions of Migrant

Workers. In Lebanon And Support Structures Required" National Capacity Building Workshop,IOM, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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persons. Addis Ababa: IOM Special Liaison Mission. International Organization for Migration, "Migration", July 2007, Geneva. International Organization for Migration (November 2006). Field Mission Report: Stranded

Ethiopian Migrants In Bossasso, North East Somalia/Puntland. Nairobi Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (2008). Annual Report 2007-08

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