Upscaling Africa RISING interventions using development domains

Up scaling Africa RISING Interventions using Development domains

Tunrayo Alabi (IITA)

Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Bamako, Mali, 3-4 February 2014

Outline of presentation

• Concept of Development Domain• Criteria for Development Domain– Biophysical & Socioeconomic characteristics

• Domain map of West Africa• Up scaling Research Results

Concept of Development Domain

• Development domain is the spatial representation of factors important for agric. development

• Characterized using stratification criteria • Reduce complexity by prioritizing criteria based

on its influence on production.• Example of simple domain– Agroecological zone– Farming systems map

Farming systems

Why Development domain approach?

• Domain helps to dissect/stratify the complex region into geographical units in which similar agricultural problems or opportunities are likely to occur

• Where are those geographic areas in which development problems and opportunities are likely to be most similar?

• Where else can a successful tested technologies be employed. Where else can we replicate successes (up-scaling research results)

Criteria for Development domains

• The following 3 criteria were used

• Agricultural Potential• Market access• Population density

Agricultural Potential

• Agricultural potential of any location is a strong indicator of its absolute advantage in agricultural production

• the extent to which this might actually be realized or its comparative advantage is conditioned by other factors such as market access and population density (Pender et al. 1999).

• It is not a static concept but changes over time in response to changing natural conditions (e.g climate change) and human-induced conditions (e.g land degradation )

Length of Growing period• LGP was used to

compute agric. Potential

• Defined as the no of days in a year when sufficient water is available in the soil profile to support plant growth

• It captures the complex interaction of rainfall, PET, temperature , solar radiation and soil properties.

• It expresses the distribution of rainfall as well as its availability for crop growth when runoff and PET has been accounted for.

Agricultural Potential

Agric. potential• High: (LGP > 180 days )• Medium: (LGP 90-180

days• Low :(< 90 days)

Country High Medium LowMali 3.7 20.4 76.0Niger 0.0 3.4 96.6Senegal 2.0 74.3 23.7Burkina Faso 13.4 75.8 10.8Nigeria 54.8 37.2 8.0Gambia 0.0 99.2 0.8Guinea Bissau 53.4 46.6 0.0Guinea 98.9 1.1 0.0Benin 68.7 31.3 0.0Ghana 99.0 1.0 0.0Togo 94.6 5.4 0.0Cote d'Ivoire 100.0 0.0 0.0Sierra Leone 99.7 0.0 0.3Liberia 100.0 0.0 0.0West Africa 34.0 21.1 44.9

Market access

• Critical for determining the comparative advantage of a given location, given its agricultural potential.

• It determines access to inputs and output outlets• e.g, a community with absolute advantage in

producing perishable vegetables may have little or no comparative advantage (low profitability) in vegetable production if it is far from roads and markets.

Market access

• Computing market access involves travel time based on landuse, roads, places with population > 10,000

• High (< 2 hours); Medium (3-8 hours); Low (> 8 hours)

Population density

• Population pressure affects the labor intensity of agriculture by affecting the land/labor ratio

• Influences innovations in technology

• Markets & institutions /investments in agric

• Population density is high in the coastal belt of WA

• Medium are scattered all over

• Low density are more in the northern belt of WA the region

Development Domain

27 Domain units produced

LLL : 30%HLM : 11%LLM : 10%

% Development domain WADomain Mali Niger Senegal

Burkina Faso Nigeria Gambia

Guinea Bissau Guinea Benin Ghana Togo

Cote d'Ivoire

Sierra Leone Liberia

West Africa

LLL 47 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30LLM 45 41 5 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10LLH 21 48 10 6 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3LMH 5 59 6 3 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1LMM 8 67 6 4 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1LHM 8 72 3 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LML 64 19 4 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LHL 99 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0LHH 3 66 5 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1MLM 41 3 19 19 10 0 2 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 7MLH 28 3 21 19 22 1 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 3MMH 13 7 8 26 43 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3MMM 18 6 5 27 40 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3MHH 5 2 10 14 66 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3MHM 6 5 5 15 66 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2MLL 37 1 16 18 4 0 1 1 22 0 0 0 0 0 1MML 2 3 9 9 74 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0HLL 2 0 0 2 19 0 1 7 5 21 1 29 1 12 3HLM 5 0 0 4 14 0 2 22 5 12 2 20 4 8 11HLH 3 0 1 3 15 0 1 25 8 10 3 20 4 7 5MHL 0 0 5 0 81 0 1 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0HMH 3 0 0 2 35 0 0 12 3 8 5 20 9 3 3HMM 3 0 0 1 34 0 0 13 3 10 6 20 6 3 4HHM 0 0 0 0 55 0 0 3 4 18 4 12 3 2 4HHH 0 0 0 1 58 0 0 4 4 14 3 9 5 2 3HML 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 2 3 28 9 28 1 1 1HHL 0 0 0 0 55 0 0 0 3 22 2 14 0 4 1

Dev. Domain Ghana

Africa RISING Intervention sites In Ghana are in 3 regions

Intervention sites in Ghana & Domain

Region District site Name Size DomainNorthern Savelugu Manguli small HHHUpper East Kassena sabulungo Large HHHUpper West Wa West zanko Small HLHUpper West Wa West Pase small HLHUpper West Wa West Guo large HLHUpper West Wa West Siiriyin small HLHUpper West Nadowli Goli medium HLHUpper West Nadowli Papu large HLHUpper West Nadowli Gylli small HLHUpper West Nadowli Goriyiri small HLHUpper West Nadowli Natodori large HLMNorthern Savelugu Tibali medium HMHNorthern Savelugu Botingli small HMHNorthern Savelugu Duko Medium HMHNorthern Savelugu Tiborgunayili large HMHNorthern Savelugu Tingoli large HMHNorthern Savelugu kpirim small HMHNorthern Savelugu Gbanjon medium HMHUpper East Kassena Gia Large HMHUpper East Kassena Nyangua medium HMHUpper East Kassena Tekuru Medium HMHUpper East Kassena Bonia Large HMHNorthern Savelugu kpallung medium HMMNorthern Savelugu Cheyohi No2 small HMM

25 sites in Ghana falls within 5 Dev. Domains

HHH Domain similarity

Country (%)Ghana 9.8Nigeria 10.4West Africa 3.2

HHH occurrence

Research results from the 2 sites represent about 3.2% of West Africa

Manguli &

Sabulungo

HLM Domain similarity

Country (%)Ghana 27.5Nigeria 8.6Guinea 49Cote D’voire 34West Africa 10.7

Natodori (Upper West)

… represents about 11% of west Africa and 49 % Guinea, 34 % of Cote d’voire

HLH Domain similarity

Country (%)Ghana 10Nigeria 3.8Guinea 23.3Liberia 15West Africa 4.5

HHH occurrence

Region District site Name

Upper West Wa West ZankoPaseGuoSiriyin

Nadowli GoliPapuGylliGoriyiri

8 Sites in Wa West & Nadowli

HMH Domain similarity

Country (%)Ghana 4.4Nigeria 4.9West Africa 2.6

HMH occurrence

Region District site NameNorthern Savelugu TibaliNorthern Savelugu BotingliNorthern Savelugu Duko

Northern Savelugu TiborgunayiliNorthern Savelugu TingoliNorthern Savelugu kpirimNorthern Savelugu GbanjonUpper East Kassena GiaUpper East Kassena NyanguaUpper East Kassena TekuruUpper East Kassena Bonia

HMM Domain similarity

Country (%)Ghana 4.4Nigeria 4.9West Africa 2.6

HMH occurrence

Region District Site Name

Northern Savelugu Kpallung

Northern Savelugu Cheyohi