University of Arizona Security Awareness Campaign

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Information Security Awareness

University of ArizonaSecurity Awareness Campaign

Kelley Bogart University

Information Security Coordinator

Gil SalazarNetwork

Administrator University of

Arizona

http://security.arizona.edu/

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Agenda Why Awareness Challenges Solutions Benefits Costs Initiatives Demonstration

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Why Awareness?Campus Policy, Standards & Guidelines

Privacy Guidelines Acceptable Use Policy Security Policy – Draft Supporting Security Standards &

Guidelines Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery Incident Reporting Management Responsibilities for Security Networked Device Security

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FERPA HIPPA GLBA State Legislation (House Bills)

Online Privacy Statement Misuse of State of Arizona Equipment

Many more to come

Why Awareness? (cont)

Heightened Activity Regulatory Drivers

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Why Awareness? (cont.)

Relationship of Privacy & Security

Roles and Responsibilities

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Where to start and how?

Step 4 - How will we monitor progress?Monitoring

Step 1: Where are we now? Current Situation Assessment

Step 2. Where do we want to be? Strategic Direction

Step 3 - How do we plan to get there? Implementation Planning

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Security Policies & Standards are minimal and may or may not be documented. Security Incidents are viewed as someone else's problem. Existing programs and services are perceived as sufficient. Security is viewed as an enforcer.

Realization that existing Information Security processes are fragmented. Executive level support and involvement is visible. Some Security Awareness interventions are implemented and are ongoing.

General acceptance of campus-wide standards based on Security Infrastructure and displayed through noticeable behavior change. Staff, faculty and students actively and visibly participate in the programs and services. Security incidents are reported immediately to the appropriate area.

The integration of Security programs and services in the campus departments is complete. Security is involved at the onset of projects. U of A is considered as a Security Awareness Best Practice campus.

Threats are continually reevaluated based on changing threat population and security incidents. Additional or more cost effective alternatives are continually identified. The practice of Security is considered a component of the campus culture. Security Awareness is viewed as a business enabler.

Level 4Level 4COMMON PRACTICECOMMON PRACTICE

Level 5Level 5CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTCONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

University of Arizona CharacteristicsUniversity of Arizona Characteristics

Level 3Level 3INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION

Level 2Level 2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Level 1Level 1COMPLACENCYCOMPLACENCY

Goal: Set the stage for all security efforts by bringing about a change in attitudes, which will change the campus culture.

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AdministratorsStudentsStaff Faculty Technical vs. Non-technical

Challenges

Funding & ResourcesDiversity and DecentralizationVaried Audiences

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The What, How & Why or Want to do

Solutions

Timeline / OpportunitiesMessage vs. Delivery Method

Surveys Include WIIFM - What’s in it for me? Include Knowledge, Skill and Attitude

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The following three slides are a consistent message we communicate or incorporate in our awareness / education efforts to help reinforce

the message that

Security is Everyone's responsibility!

That technology alone cannot keep us secure. People are the last layer of defense.

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SEC- -Y

The key to security is embedded in the word security.

YOU ARE IT!

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If not you, who? If not now, when?

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During your typical day, you may be exposed to situations where you become aware of an attempt to breach an area of security.

You need to be prepared to:

ProtectDetect

React

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Increased reporting & requests

Benefits

Heightened Awareness

Key Partnerships formed

Campus wide understanding, acknowledgement and support

Recognition of Security Office

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Dedicated Staff

Costs

PamphletsSecurity Awareness Day

Posters

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Monthly “Brown Bag” Presentations

Customized group presentations

Redesigned Security Pagesecurity.arizona.edu

Campus Security Awareness Daysecurity.arizona.edu/awarenessday.html

New Employee Orientation Handout

Initiatives

http://security.arizona.edu/

http://security.arizona.edu/awarenessday.html

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Initiatives (cont.)Pamphlets

Privacy Basics - Guide to Protecting Personal Information Risk Reduction - Computer Protection and Prevention Security Basics - Guide for Protecting Your Computer Computer Security and Privacy Information -

What everyone needs to know

Security Awareness Posterssecurity.arizona.edu/posters.html

http://security.arizona.edu/awareness.html

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First Set

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First Set

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First Set

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Second Set

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Second Set

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Second Set

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Security Policies & Standards are minimal and may or may not be documented. Security Incidents are viewed as someone else's problem. Existing programs and services are perceived as sufficient. Security is viewed as an enforcer.

Realization that existing Information Security processes are fragmented. Executive level support and involvement is visible. Some Security Awareness interventions are implemented and are ongoing.

General acceptance of campus-wide standards based on Security Infrastructure and displayed through noticeable behavior change. Staff, faculty and students actively and visibly participate in the programs and services. Security incidents are reported immediately to the appropriate area.

The integration of Security programs and services in the campus departments is complete. Security is involved at the onset of projects. U of A is considered as a Security Awareness Best Practice campus.

Threats are continually reevaluated based on changing threat population and security incidents. Additional or more cost effective alternatives are continually identified. The practice of Security is considered a component of the campus culture. Security Awareness is viewed as a business enabler.

Level 4Level 4COMMON PRACTICECOMMON PRACTICE

Level 5Level 5CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENTCONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

University of Arizona CharacteristicsUniversity of Arizona Characteristics

Level 3Level 3INTEGRATIONINTEGRATION

Level 2Level 2ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Level 1Level 1COMPLACENCYCOMPLACENCY

Goal: Set the stage for all security efforts by bringing about a change in attitudes, which will change the campus culture.

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Questions

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ISO| ECAT

Kelley Bogart Information Security Coordinator

Gil Salazar UA Network Administrator

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Agenda•State of the Internet today

•Viruses, Worms & Spies!

•How to Protect Yourself

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State of the Internet Today

Internet goes thru your computer

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Some Local StatisticsUniversity of Arizona Campus

Cyber attacks per day

# of outside to inside attacks : 64,959

# of Inside to outside attacks : 60,040

# of Inside to Inside attacks : 6,941

Total of related victim machines : 593,734

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Threat Follows ValueThe 1950s American bank robber Willie Sutton was asked why he robbed banks. He said he robbed banks because, “That’s where the money is.”

Today, the money is in Cyberspace!

The Internet provides for criminals the two capabilities most required for the conduct of criminal activities:

Anonymity & Mobility

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Do The Math Spam mailed to over

100 million inboxes If 10% read the mail and clicked the link

= 10 million people If 1% of people who went to site signed up for

3-days free trial = (100,000 people) x ($0.50) = $50,000

If 1% of free trials sign up for 1 year = (1,000 people) x ($144/yr) =

$144,000/yr

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Most attacks Most attacks occur hereoccur here

Situation: It is getting scary!

Product Product shipship

VulnerabilityVulnerabilityDiscovered Discovered ||Potential attackPotential attack

SoftwareSoftwareModifiedModified

Patch Patch releasedreleased

Patch Patch deployeddeployed

at at home/officehome/office

Why does this Why does this gap exist?gap exist?

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Exploit Timeline

• Days From Patch to Exploit– The average is now nine days

for a system to be reverse-engineered

Why does this Why does this gap exist?gap exist?

exploitexploitcodecodepatchpatch

Days between patch and exploitDays between patch and exploit

ZoTobZoTob

151180

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BlasterBlasterWelchia/ Welchia/ NachiNachi

NimdaNimda

25SQL SQL

SlammerSlammer1

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Exploit Survival Time• The SANS Institute has studied what it

calls the "survival time" of an unprotected computer hooked up to the Internet.

• A year ago, the average time before it was compromised was about 55 minutes.

• Today it's 20 minutes. • On the UA campus it can be less then

ONE MINUTE.

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Questions?

State of the Internet

• Why do criminals use the internet today?

•To be Anonymous & Mobile

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Viruses, Worms & Spies

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• Old “traditional” viruses usually required human interaction– You have to save it, run it, share floppy disks– E-mailing a program / document, without

knowing it is infected• Typically just attach themselves to programs &

documents, and then depend on humans to propagate

• This is changing…

Virus:

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How It Spreads• E-mail• Instant Messenger• Networks• P2P/Filesharing software• Downloads• Floppy disks, Flash Drives. CDs, etc.

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To: [email protected]: Notify about your e-mail account utilization. From: [email protected]

Dear user of Arizona.edu gateway e-mail server,

Your e-mail account will be disabled because of improper using in next three days, if you are still wishing to use it, please, resign your account information. For further details see the attach. For security reasons attached file is password protected. The password is "03406".

Best wishes, The Arizona.edu team http://www.arizona.edu

Sample E-Mail...................This has a virus attached!

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Questions?

Virus:

• What is the most common way viruses are spread today?

•E-Mail

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Worms:• Sub-class of Virus• Replicated Automatically without

human help• Example is e-mail address book

attack• Bogs down networks and Internet• Zotob, Blaster are examples

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Worms:• Scary part – you don’t have to do anything

but turn your computer on! • Or make a simple click.

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Trojan Horse

• Program that appears to be a “good” program, but really isn’t

• Might do what it is supposed to, plus a whole lot more!

• programs installed in this category use several methods to enter the computer;– Web, e-mail, spyware

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•Botnets are networks of captive computers (often called zombies) that are created by trojans or worms that have infected unprotected PCs.

•These networks are frequently used to send spam and initiate distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.

Botnets or “Zombies”

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Questions?

Worms:

• What is it called when a program sneaks onto your computer?

•A Trojan

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ISO| ECAT

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Have you ever received an email that says something like this?

“We suspect an unauthorized transaction on your account. To ensure that your account is not compromised, please click the link below and confirm your identity.”

OR“During our regular verification of accounts, we couldn’t verify your information.Please click here to update and verify your information.”

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This is a typical “phishing” attempt

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What is Phishing?Phishing is a form of social engineering, characterized by attempts to fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or legitmate business in an apparently official electronic communication, such as an email, pop-up window or an instant message.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing#Phishing_technique

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Social engineering preys on qualities of human nature:

the desire to be helpful the tendency to trust people the fear of getting into trouble

Social engineering is the practice of obtaining confidential information by manipulation of legitimate users. A social engineer will commonly use the telephone or Internet to trick people into revealing sensitive information or getting them to do something that is against typical policies. By this method, social engineers exploit the natural tendency of a person to trust his or her word, rather than exploiting computer security holes.

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EBAY

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EBAY

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EBAY

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EBAY

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PayPal

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PayPal

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PayPal

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Visa

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Visa

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Microsoft

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Stats from Anti-Phishing Working Group

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Arizona State Credit Union

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DM Federal Credit Union

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Recognizing Phishing

False Sense Of Urgency - Threatens to "close/suspend your account," or charge a fee.

Indirect invitation - "Dear valued customer", "Dear reader", "In attention to [service name here] customers“.

Misspelled or Poorly Written - Helps fraudulent e-mails avoid spam filters.

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Recognizing Phishing Suspicious-Looking Links & Pop-Ups Links

containing all or part of a real company's name asking you to submit personal information.

Hyperlinks spoofing You see the "http://www.yourbank/Login" link in the message, but if you hover the mouse cursor over the link, you will see that it points to "http://www.spoofedbanksite.com/Login"

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Discover Card Awareness

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Citibank

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Spyware or Phishing-based Trojans – Keyloggers ?

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Designed with the intent of collecting information on the end-user in order to steal those users' credentials.

Unlike most generic keyloggers, phishing-based keyloggers have tracking components which attempt to monitor specific actions (and specific organizations, most importantly financial institutions and online retailers and ecommerce merchants) in order to target specific information, the most common are; access to financial based websites, ecommerce sites, and web-based mail sites.

Phishing-based Trojans – Keyloggers

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Phishing-based Trojans – Keyloggers, Unique Variants

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Unique Websites Hosting Keyloggers

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Yet Another Form of Phishing to worry about

Unlike a scam which tries to trick you into providing personal information. This: executes code Changes your host file Redirects legitimate webpage to spoofed site….and all you did was open an email or view it in a preview pane in programs like Microsoft Outlook

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Phishing-based Trojans – Redirectors

Designed with the intent of redirecting end-users network traffic to a location where it was not intended to go to. This includes crimeware that changes hosts files and other DNS specificinformation, crimeware browser-helper objects that redirect users to fraudulent sites, and crimeware that may install a network level driver or filter to redirect users to fraudulent locations.

This is particularly effective because the attackers can redirect any of the users requests at any time and the end-users have very little indication that this is happening as they could be typing in the address on their own and not following an email or Instant Messaging lure.

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FTC suggestions to help avoid getting hooked by a phishing scam:

If you get an email or pop-up message that asks for personal or financial information, do not reply. And don’t click on the link in the message, either.

Use anti-virus software and a firewall, and keep them up to date.

Don’t email personal or financial information.

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Review credit card and bank account statements as soon as you receive them

Be cautious about opening any attachment or downloading any files from emails

Forward spam that is phishing for information to [email protected] and to the company, bank, or organization impersonated in the phishing email.

FTC suggestions (cont’d)

mailto:[email protected]

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Additional Protection Tips

Treat all email with suspicion

Never use a link in an email to get to any web page

Ensure that all of your software is up to date

Use anti-spyware detection software on a regular basis

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If you must use your financial If you must use your financial information online, ensure that you have information online, ensure that you have adequate insurance against fraudadequate insurance against fraud

Be aware or beware.Be aware or beware.

Additional Protection Tips

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Questions?

• What does the term “Phishing” refer to?

•Attempt to gather information for illicit use

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Spyware

• Ever get pop-ups that constantly ask for you to click “OK” and won’t go away?

• This is most likely Spyware of some sort

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Spyware: What it is

• spyware is programming that is put in your computer to secretly gather information about You or your pc and relay it to advertisers or other interested parties

• adware pushes ads, track Internet habits and performs other sneaky tricks

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Spyware : How Do I know I have it?

• Computers slow down to a crawl• Annoying Pop-ups appear• Browser Start Page changes• Unwanted toolbars, tray programs• New programs are installed on your

PC and show up on the desktop

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Spyware: why is it bad?

• Corrupt/alter the current software• Steal passwords, information etc.• Track browsing habits, sites• interferes with system settings

– (registry, startup)• Even after removal, it can leave crumbs which helps program re-install itself

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Spyware: How did I get it?

• Email• Instant Messaging• Internet Browsing• P2P Software (kazaa, limewire,

bearshare, AIM)• Downloads and Installs

– Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs)

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Spyware : Why do they do it?

• 0x80 is a hacker… he says: "Most days, I just sit at home and chat online while I make money," 0x80 says. "I get one check like every 15 days in the mail for a few hundred bucks, and a buncha others I get from banks in Canada every 30 days." He says his work earns him an average of $6,800 per month, although he's made as much as $10,000. Not bad money for a high school dropout.

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Questions?• What are a couple things Spyware does?

•Create pop-ups, hijacks web pages, collect info, slow pc down.

Spyware:

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How to Protect Yourself

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Practice Good Surfing Sense

• You know there are bad parts of town that you don’t go to

• The Internet is the same way – be wary!

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Download Rules• Never download or open something,

if you don’t know what it is• Even if you know the sender by

name, check with them to see if they sent you something

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•True company-based e-mails never send attachments

•Make sure the link actually goes to their site & not a spoofed one!

•Only download what you trust, and even then be wary!

Download Rules

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Be Aware of Spoofing• Have you ever received an e-mail

telling you that you have a virus?• It is possible that :

– Your address could’ve been spoofed and sent to someone else

– It could be a trick to get you to install some “anti-virus” or “patch” (which is really a virus itself!)

The Best Defense

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The Best Defense• Use Strong Passwords

– Passwords should contain 8 characters including upper and lowercase, special characters (*^#) and numbers

• Don’t take downloads from strangers– Only install what you trust– “free” music & file sharing programs are wide

open doors for hackers

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• Check if your PC has any issues: – Does your browser open to a new home page,

or search page?

– Increase in advertisements & pop-ups?

– Computer seems sluggish?

– Know your system and what is installed

The Best Defense

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• Get a detect & removal tool for spyware• Ad-Aware: easiest to use, free for home use only• SpyBot: Free for any use, more advanced, has

automated protection features• Microsoft Anti-spyware: Free for any use, has

automated protection and updates.• Use all three together for complete protection!

The Best Defense

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The Best Defense

• Install anti-virus software – (Sophos, Norton, McAfee etc…)

• Install a Firewall – (Windows built-in, Kerio, ZoneAlarm)

• Keep everything up-to-date!• Windows Automatic Updates, Anti-virus,

Spyware detection.

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• Limit access to your computer• keep doors locked if your not around and

system is on• Thumb drives can be used to steal data

The Best Defense

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• At home use multiple user accounts when sharing computers and switch users/lock workstation when leaving system on when you are away from the desktop

Windows Key – for XP

The Best Defense

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Quote from a victim…"Overall, you've got to realize that, just like if you don't secure your home, you run the risk of getting burglarized; if you're crazy enough to leave the door on your computer open these days, like I did, someone's gonna walk right in and make themselves at home."

~Pastor Michael White

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Questions?

The Best Defense

• What is the best way to keep passer bys from accessing your computer?

•Control-alt-delete or Windows-Key L

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Other Reminders….

• Back up your computer data.• Keeping system patches updated• Firewalls, pop-up blocker, spyware

apps updated.• Know your systems

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Now for any Final Q&A…

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Don’t let the computer control you!

Don’t ever give up!

If the situation seems hopeless:

University of Arizona Security Awareness Campaign

Documents