Unit 1 Review Chapters 28/29, 1-7. What type of fracture travels across the bone perpendicularly?

Unit 1 Review

Chapters 28/29, 1-7

What type of fracture travels across the bone perpendicularly?

Transverse Fracture

What is a fracture that occurs when opposing forces are

applied to a bone from both ends at the same time?

Compression Fracture

What is a fracture that runs the length of the bone?

Longitudinal Fracture

What is a fracture that is caused by a torsional force?

Spiral Fracture

What is a fracture that is crushed into several pieces?

Comminuted Fracture

What is a fracture that travels in a diagonal line across the

bone?

Oblique Fracture

Which plane of the body divides into Right and Left

halves?

Saggital/Median

Which plane of the body divides into Top and Bottom

halves?

Tranversal/Horizontal

Which plane of the body divides into Front and Back

halves?

Frontal/Coronal

Which plane of the body does shoulder abduction primarily

occur?

Frontal/Coronal

Name 2 out of the 4 Qualities of Leadership

Integrity, Vision, Inspiration, Competence

What is a dislocation?

When a bone comes out of its joint and stays out

What is a subluxation?

When a joint comes slightly apart or comes apart and

goes back together

What is a fracture?

A bone that is broken

What stage of the healing process to Phagocytes work?

Stage 1: Acute Inflammatory

Which stage of the healing process is used to allow the

tendons, ligaments and muscles to withstand the stress applied to

the body during activity?

Stage 3: Remodeling

What is an open wound that is a partial tearing away of a

body part?

Avulsion

What is an incision?

An open wound caused by a cutting object

What is an abrasion?

The scraping off a layer of skin

What is a laceration?

A jagged, irregular open wound caused by a non-

cutting object

What is an amputation?

The complete removal or tearing away of a body part

What is a puncture?

When a pointed object enters the body

What is contrecoup?

When the injury occurs on the opposite side of the initial

injury

What is a strain?

An injury to a tendon or muscle

What is a sprain?

An injury to a ligament

What does a ligament do?

Connects bone to bone

What does a tendon do?

Connects muscle to bone

What does cartilage do?

• Provides shock absorption

• Provides smooth joint movement

• Connects bones together

What body tissue works with the bones to provide

movement for the body?

Muscles

Name 2 functions of bones

• Provide Structure

• Protect vital organs and structures

• Work with muscles to create movement

• Produce blood cells

• Store minerals

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

Skull, Spine, Ribs, Pelvis

Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Arms and legs

The ear is _______ to the nose

Posterior & lateral

The pinky is ______ to the thumb

Medial

The head is ______ to the belly button

Superior

The little toe is ______ to the big toe

Lateral

The quads are______

Anterior

The hips are_______ to the head

Inferior

The elbow is _____ to the shoulder and ______ to the wrist

distal; proximal

The hamstrings are _______

posterior

Name 3 people in the Central Sports Medicine team

• Athlete

• Athletic Trainer

• Parents

• Coach

• Team Physician

How many CEU’s must an ATC obtain every 3 years?

75

What form would you use to document a specific treatment

given to an athlete?

Treatment log

What form would you use to document progress made

during rehabilitation?

Rehabilitation progress chart

Which form gives permission to treat?

Informed Consent

Which form would you fill out when an accident occurs?

Accident Report

What is assumption of risk?

An individual understands that by participating in sports he/she may be injured

What is proximate cause?

A close relationship between the way a person acted and

the injury that resulted.

What is negligence?

A legal wrong characterized by the failure to act as a reasonably

prudent person would act in a similar situation.

What is gross negligence?

And no…you can’t say the step beyond negligence…

When a person fails to provide even a small amount

of care when needed

Name 3 ways to avoid legal issues

• Have a written contract• Use equipment that

meets established safety standards

• Require preparticipation physical exams

• Have athletes/parents sign an assumption of risk form

• Maintain CPR and first aid certifications

• Have a crisis plan• Document all injuries

and procedures• Build trust• Check for hazards• Stay educated

Which role of an ATC is related to taping, bracing and

bandaging?

Injury Prevention

Which role of an ATC is related to on the field

assessments?

Recognition, Evaluation and Immediate Care

Which role of an ATC is related to placing work orders

and purchase orders?

Health-care Administration

Which role of an ATC is related to continuing

education?

Professional Development and Responsibility

What is the PREMIER model?(what does it stand for)

• Promote a professional image

• Remember your vision

• Engage in learning

• Maximize your strengths

• Innovate and create

• Enlist the help of others

• Reflects

Describe the anatomical position.

Standing straight up, palms facing forward.

Name 2 functions of skin

–First line of defense

–Keeps fluids in

–Picks up sensations

–Secretes oily substance

Name 2 functions of cartilage

• Joins structures, absorbs shock and permits smooth bone movement

What is a traditional setting for an ATC to work in?

• Schools (high school, college)

• Professional sports

• Sports medicine clinic (physical therapy clinic)

What are the 4 things found in a diarthrodial joint?

• Joint Capsule: sleeve-like ligament that surrounds the entire joint

• Synovial Membrane: a slick lining on the inside of the capsule

• Hyaline Cartilage: a thin layer of cushioning at the end of bones

• Ligaments

What ROM does a body segment glide forward?

Protraction

What ROM does a joint bend/shorten?

Flexion

Name 3 things you can to do follow universal precautions.

• Barrier Protection: gloves, eye protection, face mask

• Sharps Disposal: used sharps should be put in proper containers. One-way access so these cannot be taken out again.

• Infectious Control: dispose of contaminated materials in a biohazard bag

• Hand Washing: if you come in contact wash your hands as soon as possible

What is the difference between a sign and a

symptom?

Sign: observed or measuredSymptom: feelings of the

athlete

Name 4 ways to prevent heat-related illnesses

• Acclimatize

• Wear lightweight uniforms

• Frequent water breaks

• Weigh in before and after practice

• Check humidity and temperature

• Avoid saunas and hot-tubs for extended time

• Eat properly

• Get plenty of rest

• Replace fluids lost after practice

• STAY HYDRATED ALWAYS!!!!

Name 4 ways to prevent cold-related illnesses

– Dry, non-restrictive clothing– Acclimatize– Layers– Avoid outdoors in extreme cold– Cover head, mouth and extremeties– Try to stay dry– Wind-resistant clothing

Name 2 signs of heat stroke

• little or no sweating

• hot dry skin

• body temp of 105 F or more

• low blood pressure

• rapid weak pulse

• rapid breathing rate

• dilated pupils

• unconsciousness

When an object covers the air passage and doesn’t allow air to flow in and out of the lungs

what is that called?

Total Airway Obstruction

What is a condition in which the air passages narrow in

response to an allergen, such as pollen, dust, mold or even

exercise?

Asthma

Name 4 life-threatening conditions

• Respiratory Arrest (breathing has stopped)• Cardiac arrest (heart has stopped)• Internal bleeding• Shock• Burns• Heat-related illness• Cold-related Illness• Asthma attack• Diabetic emergency• Drowning• Electrocution• Falls from heights• Poisoning• Severe bleeding• Anything else that causes breathing or cardiac impairment

When should you rule out life-threatening conditions?

During the primary survey

What is triage?

The process of determining the severity of injury to

establish priority among multiple people.

What order is the secondary assessment performed in?

• History

• Inspection

• Palpation

• Special testing

What is the first action you should do to take control of

external bleeding?

Apply direct pressure

What is the normal range for a teenager/adult for heart rate?

60-80 bpm

When in the dark, pupils should…

dilate

How long should capillary refill take?

1 second

How do you measure an athlete’s ability to move?

Through ROM testing

What does PRICE stand for?

• Protection

• Rest

• Ice

• Compression

• Elevation

What type of shock is characterized by a loss of

blood?

Hypovolemic/Hemmhoragic

What type of shock is a person in who has a heart

attack?

cardiogenic

What type of shock occurs when there is a loss of fluids?

Metabolic

Name 4 signs of shock

– Agitation– Rapid, weak pulse– Decreased BP (100mm HG or lower systolic)– Cold, clammy skin– Sweating– Cyanosis– Increasing unconsciousness– Pale skin tone

Name 2 symptoms of shock

• SYMPTOMS– Nausea– Dizziness– Thirst– Anxiety

Name the 5 organs necessary to sustain life

• Brain

• Heart

• Lungs

• Liver

• Kidney

If you remove an athlete’s helmet, what must also be

removed?

Shoulder pads

Why?

So that the head remains in line with the rest of the body

What always needs to be removed before an athlete is

transported in an ambulance?

Facemask

If a spinal injury is suspected how should an athlete be removed from the field?

On a spine board