Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy

Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy

Unit 1: Introduction to AnatomyTest ReviewWhich term refers to the study of how an organ functions?

PhysiologyA group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n)

Tissue Cells are to tissues as tissues are toOrgans Be able to describe anatomical position

Standing upFeet facing forwardArms at sidesPalms forwardKnow your directional terms & which are alike & opposite

Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/DorsalSuperior vs InferiorMedial vs LateralWhich directional term refers to the back?

Posterior/DorsalThe heart is ________ to the lungs? Medial In atatomical position, the wrist is ____________ to the elbow.

Distal Which type of section divides the body into anterior & posterior portions?

Frontal/coronalVisceral refers to

Internal organsWhich two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

Thoracic & abdominalThe liver would be found in which cavity?

Abdominal The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? hypogastricHomeostasis refers to

Stable internal conditionsIn which quadrant would the pain of acute appendicitis be felt?

Lower right quadrantThe study of the body's organization that considers the heart, blood and all of the associated blood vessels as a unit is called?

SystemicanatomyThe study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called

Regional anatomyX-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other technologies used to create pictures of internal structures are examples of

Anatomical imagingWhich organ systems is/are involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body?

RespiratoryCardiovascular/circulatoryThe organ system that consists of the skin, hair, and nails, and protects the body and prevents water loss is theIntegumentary The organ system that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood and lymph, absorbs fats from the digestive tract, and combats disease is the

Lymphatic systemGiven these structures: Organ, organelle, chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissueArrange the structures in the correct order from smallest to largest: ChemicalOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrgan systemOrganism The organ system that consists of glands such as the pituitary and thyroid glands and is a major regulatory system is the

Endocrine system24The basic living unit of all plants and animals is the

Cell What is a function of negative feedback mechanisms?

Maintain homeostasisWhat are the two examples of a positive-feedback mechanisms given in class? Chronic hypertensionChildbirth From the anatomical position, the scapula (shoulder blade) is always _____ to the ribsDorsalPosteriorSuperficial

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves is also correctly called the

Midsaggital planeThe term that would best describe an injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n)

Brachial lesionA cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle is described as a(n) Oblique sectionThe trunk of the body consists of the thorax, the abdomen, and the

Pelvis The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by theDiaphragm The mediastinum divides what?The thoracic cavity into two partsThe heart is found in what cavities/structures?

MediastinumThoracic cavityThe fluid found between serous membrane layers does what?

Reduces friction Which of these statements about serous membranes is true?A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the body.B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs.C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and visceral serous membranes.D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities, but not the pericardial cavity.E. All of these are true.

BThe pericardial cavity contains ___.

Pericardial fluidThe kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, and urinary bladder are what type of organs?

Retroperitoneal Given the cavities: 1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3. Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavityWhich of these cavities are lined with serous membranes?

AbdominalPelvicPericardial A girl is lying on her left side. Her right ear is _____ to her nose.

PosteriorLateral Differentiation occurs whenSome portions of DNA become (or remain active) while other portions become (or remain) inactive.A negative feedback mechanism contains what three components? SensorControl centerEffector

A feedback mechanism that takes the body away from homeostasis is

Positive feedback mechanismA feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is

Negative feedback mechanismIn anatomic terms, the forearm is the _____ region and the fingers are the _____ region. Antebrachial, digitalIn anatomic terms, the posterior portion of the elbow is the ____ region. olecranalThe dorsal body cavity contains what two cavities?CranialVertebral The mediastinum, pleural, and pericardial cavities are contained within which trunk cavity?

thoracicThe coxal region refers to thehipThe lowest level of organization in the body is the _______ level. chemicalThe upper and lower extremities compose the ________ portion of the body.

appendicularHuman somatic (body) cells contain the diploid number of chromosomes which is46Mitosis results in what type of cells?Two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.Frontal SectionDivides the body into anterior & posterior parts (front & back)Sagittal sectionDivides the body into right & left halvesLongitudinal sectionA cut across the long axis of an organTransverse section

Divides the body into superior & inferior parts.Divides an organ at right angles to the long axisOblique sectionA cut across the axis of an organ at any angle other than a right angleThoracic cavitySurrounded by rib cage, bounded inferiorly by diaphragmPelvic cavityContains the bladder, enclosed by pelvic bonesAbdominal cavityContains liver, stomach, kidneys & spleenPericardial cavityContains the heart, but not lungsPleural cavitycontains lungs, but not heart.