UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.1. Session 7.1. Session 7.1. Assessment 3: Working Assessment 3: Working with Sectoral Indicators with Sectoral Indicators - Water & Sanitation - Water & Sanitation International Development Research Centre, Ottawa International Development Research Centre, Ottawa
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UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training7.1.1. Session 7.1. Assessment 3: Working with Sectoral Indicators - Water & Sanitation International.
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UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.1.
Session 7.1.Session 7.1.
Assessment 3: Working with Assessment 3: Working with Sectoral Indicators - Water & Sectoral Indicators - Water & SanitationSanitation
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UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.2.
ObjectivesObjectives
After completing this session, participants will be able After completing this session, participants will be able to:to:
Describe the concept of and the system components integral to “environmental health”
List the components of the “Hygiene Loop”
List a number of immediate, medium, and longer-term objectives of a displacement emergency water & sanitation programme.
Understand the basic standards and indicators used in water and sanitation programmes for assessing, monitoring, and designing projects
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.3.
Water & SanitationWater & Sanitation
THE BIG ISSUES…..THE BIG ISSUES….. The Hygiene LoopThe Hygiene Loop Water Demand & SourcesWater Demand & Sources Quality RequirementsQuality Requirements Water TreatmentWater Treatment Site planning for sanitationSite planning for sanitation LatrinesLatrines Drainage, Drainage, DrainageDrainage, Drainage, Drainage
WHO PhotoWHO Photo
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.4.
The “Hygiene Loop” and The “Hygiene Loop” and Environmental HealthEnvironmental Health
AA systematic systematic approach to community healthapproach to community health
WaterWater SanitationSanitation HygieneHygiene
Relates infectious diseases to environmental factorsRelates infectious diseases to environmental factors
Seeks to modify environments to prevent or reduce Seeks to modify environments to prevent or reduce infectious diseases through water, sanitation and infectious diseases through water, sanitation and hygiene educationhygiene education
system “components”
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.5.
CommunityCommunityHealth CenterHealth Center 50 l /bed/day50 l /bed/dayFeeding CenterFeeding Center 25 l /bed/day25 l /bed/daySchoolSchool 20 l /student/day20 l /student/day
Further NeedsFurther NeedsSanitationSanitationIrrigationIrrigationLivestockLivestock
15-20
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.10.
Environmental SanitationEnvironmental Sanitation
The goal is to improve community health through:The goal is to improve community health through: good quality, reliable water supply;good quality, reliable water supply; appropriate excreta disposal system;appropriate excreta disposal system; an organized, well-managed solid waste an organized, well-managed solid waste
disposal system;disposal system; a systematic waste water and stormwater a systematic waste water and stormwater
drainage system;drainage system; a well-designed, planned housing systema well-designed, planned housing system a vector control mechanism.a vector control mechanism.
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.11.
Viability of Sanitation Projects is Viability of Sanitation Projects is Improved When…...Improved When…...
They are grounded in:They are grounded in: traditional values of the target communitiestraditional values of the target communities practicespractices skillsskills meansmeans
They involve the beneficiaries at all stages: They involve the beneficiaries at all stages: needs assessmentneeds assessment project identificationproject identification planning, implementation, operation & maintenanceplanning, implementation, operation & maintenance monitoring & evaluationmonitoring & evaluation
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.12.
WHEN TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE….
• What can be done immediately (hours and days) to reduce risks of dehydration and disease?
• What can be done in the short - term (days and weeks)?
• What can be done in the medium term (weeks and months)?
• What can be done for the long term (months and years?)?
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.13.
FIRST HOURS AND DAYSWater:Water:• bottled water distributionbottled water distribution• tankering w/ bladder tankstankering w/ bladder tanks• treatment sachets for surface treatment sachets for surface
water sourceswater sources• jerry cans and containers with jerry cans and containers with
purifying tabletspurifying tablets
Sanitation:Sanitation:• Protection of water sourcesProtection of water sources• marked defecation areas marked defecation areas • signage and wardens to police signage and wardens to police
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.15.
FIRST WEEKS AND MONTHSWater:Water:• tankering only to meet gapstankering only to meet gaps• wells where possiblewells where possible• purification systems where purification systems where
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.16.
FIRST MONTHS AND YEARSWater:• tankering only to meet gaps• improved wells where possible• purification systems where
needed• maintenance of “hard” tanks &
extended distribution systems• jerry cans
Sanitation:• Protection of water sources• “Soakaways” at water points• family latrines (VIP type)• community sanitation teams• Solid waste disposal system• soap
Butyl Products
UNHCR/e-Centre/InterWorks - Emergency Management Training 7.1.17.
immediately and improve immediately and improve over timeover time
Understand and use Understand and use standards and indicators for standards and indicators for assessment, analysis, and assessment, analysis, and planningplanning
Water distribution and Water distribution and sanitary excreta disposal are sanitary excreta disposal are soso important (and difficult) important (and difficult) that that camp design should be camp design should be centered around a water and centered around a water and sanitation plan.sanitation plan.