UNECE Work Session Geneva, 11-13 September 2006 Fourth Session Item 5. Dissemination, Marketing and Use of Gender Statistics The experience of Eurostat.

UNECE Work SessionGeneva, 11-13 September 2006

Fourth Session

Item 5. Dissemination, Marketing and Use of Gender Statistics

The experience of Eurostat

Anatole Tokofai*, Eurostat, Labour Market Unit

(*) the views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the ones of the European Commission

• Historical perspective and review of Gender equality policy

• Gender Statitics Currently Available• Range of dissemination products• Distribution channels and modalities• Analysis of data users• Matching dissemination tools with the

different types of users

Outline

• Gender statistics historically developed to serve the needs of policy-makers at Community level

• Therefore, strong link with Community gender equality policy

• Community Gender Equality policy designed to provide a common framework co-existing with diverse national legislations, and providing harmonisation, respect of subsidiarity principle

Historical perspective

• Equal pay for equal work or (for work of equal value) included in the initial Treaty of Rome (1958)

• Policy actions in the 70s: Equal pay Directive 75/117, equal treatment Directive (76/207)

• European Court of Justice (ECJ) rulings• Until the 1990s, gender equality policy

mainly limited to employment and work place

Review of gender equality policy

• This was reflected in the limited scope of gender statistics collected at Community level

• Maastricht Treaty(1993) enabled progress in social policy, hence in gender equality policy (e.g. health and safety at work; involvement of social partners, reconciliation between work and family life)

• But still limited to a large extent to the workplace

• At global level, impact of Beijing Conf., MDGs

Review of gender equality policy

• Amsterdam Treaty (1999) extended gender equality to all fields of action of the Community (TEC, Articles 2, 3 & 13)

• Enabled adoption of secondary legislation: Community Framework Strategy on Gender Equality (2001-2005), to be followed by Community Roadmap for Gender Equality (2006-2010)

Review of gender equality policy

• The Framework Strategy (2001-2005) foresees: the development and dissemination of comparable statistics on the situation of women and men

• Adotpion of a gender mainstreaming: integration of gender perspective into every stage of policy processes

• Implication for Eurostat: ensure that all statistics collected on individuals at EU-level are disaggregated by sex

Review of gender equality policy

• Available databases Demography, international migration and asylum, census

and population projection, health, labour force, Earnings, Income and living conditions, Education, LLL, training, Human resources in science and technology, ICT usage, Time use surveys + ongoing work on childcare, crime and victimisation, VAW

• Structural indicators (pre-defined tables): Employment growth, Average exit age from labour force,

gender pay gap, lll, accidents at work, Unemployment rate, S&T graduates, E-government usage, at-risk of poverty rate, early school leavers, women and men aged 18-59, living in jobless hh, healthy life years at birth

Available gender statistics

- On-line data for download from Eurostat website - Microdata data for researchers (Labour Force Survey,

European Survey on Income and Living Conditions, Structure of Earnings Surveys)

- Eurostat publications• Statistics in Focus – all gender-related topics

• Working Papers• Pocketbooks – How men and women spend their time

• Panorama series - The life of women and men in Europe

- Policy reports: deriving directly from Treaty or from secondary legislation

- Press releases – Women’s day

- On going work: gender profile portal, data in focus series

Range of data dissemination products

Eurostat web site as main channel- Adoption in October 2004 of a free dissemination policy:

provide in EN/DE/FR users with data and other products (non confidential data, on-line publications) free of charge

- Results: increase of data users, especially non-professionals (web site traffic multiplied by 6 from Sep. 2004 to Apr. 2005)

Other channels- Websites of National Statistical Institutes (NSIs)- EU Bookshops and information relays- Commercial redistribution companies

Dissemination channels and modalities

- Policy departments of the Commission (S.G., Employment, Education/Culture, EcFin,…)

- Other EU Institutions, National governments- National Statistical Institutes (NSIs)- Journalists- Social partners (Organisations of employees and of

employers)- Lobbyists, women advocates, NGOs- Research organisations, Universities- Consultants, private enterprises- General public

Types of users

Matching between products and type of users

Matching gender statistics products with user groups.

Type of Users

Dissemination Products

Gen. public

Journalists/ intermediaries

NGOs Social Part.

Women

Advocates

EU Institutions.

Nat’l/Reg. Gvts

Comm. 'policy' services

Consultants/ private firms

NSIs/ Research org

Online data

Microdata

Working papers

SiFs

Structural indicators

Policy reports

Pocketbooks/ Panorama series

Press releases Legend

Good matching Moderate matching Low matching

Conclusion

• Production and dissemination of gender statistics initially linked with development of Community gender equality policy

• Momentum reached with Amsterdam Treaty, Community Framework Strategy on Gender Equality (2001-2005), adoption of the gender mainstreaming approach (foreseen/on-going policy actions: establishment of Gender Equality Institute, Implementation of Roadmap on G. Equality, 2007: year of equal opportunity for all)

• Wide range of products designed to serve the needs of policy-makers (e.g. stat. Annexes of policy report, structural indicators) and other professional users

• Emergence of new type of users after the adoption of free dissemination policy

• Eurostat strategy to be more balanced towards different user-groups

• more account of the needs of growing user groups (general public, non-professionals), while continuing to support the design and implementation of EU policies, particularly in the field of gender equality

Employment rates

Employment rates (women and men aged 15 - 64) in EU Member States- 2004

55.7

70.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

DK SE NL FI UK PT AT SI EE DE CY LV LT FR IE CZ EU-25

BE SK HU LU ES PL EL IT MT

%

Women Men

Source: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS).

Lisbon target for total employment rate in 2010

Lisbon target for women's employment rate in 2010

Part-time employment

Sh are of p art-time w orkers in tota l emp lo ymen t, in EU Member States - 2005

3 2 ,6

7 ,4

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

SK HU CZ LT EL EE SI LV CY PL PT F I MT IE ES IT FR E U-25

DK A T SE LU B E UK DE NL

%

Women Men

Sourc e: Euros tat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), Spring res ults .NB : E xceptions to the ref erence y ear: LU : 2004.LU: annual av erage instead of spr ing result.

Gender pay gap in unadjusted form

17

15

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

MT IT SI PT GR PL BE FR IE HU EU-25

LU LV SE LT AT DK ES NL CZ FI UK DE SK EE CY

%

1998 (1) 2003 (2)

Source: Eurostat. Administrative data are used for LU. All other sources are national surveys except as follows:2003: Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SIC) for EL, IE and AT. The results for the first year of this new EU survey are provisional and subject to further quality assessment. They should therefore be interpreted with caution.2002 :European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for EL2001 and before: European Community Household Panel (ECHP) for BE, DE, IT, DK, IE, UK, EL, ES, PT, AT and FI.NB: EU-25 estimates are population-weighted averages of the latest available national values adjusted where possible, to take into account a change in the data source. Exceptions to the reference years: (1) 1999 for PLand SK; 2000 for MT. (2) 2001 for BE and IT; 2002 for SI and FI.DK - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 4 percentagepoints.DE - From 2002 national earnings surveys and the German Socio-Economic Panel have been used. This is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 1 percentagepoint.ES - From 2002 data from tax returns and the labour force survey have been used. This is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 3 percentagepoints.FI - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 4 percentagepoints.UK - A change of data source from 2002 is estmated to have increased the gender pay gap value by 2 percentagepoints.

Pay gap between women and men in unadjusted form in EU Member States - 1998 and 2003 (Difference between men’s and women’s average gross hourly earnings as a percentage of men’s average gross hourly earnings)

At-risk of poverty rates

At- risk-o f-poverty rate af ter social transfers 1 for w omen and men aged 16 years and over in EU

Member states, 20032

15

13

0

5

10

15

20

25

C Z LU H U N L FR SI S E BE D K FI MT AT PL LT EU -25

D E LV C Y U K IT SK EE ES EL PT IE

%

Wom en Men

Source: Eurostat, National sources. N B: 1) At-risk-of-poverty rate after soc ial transfers - The share of persons w ith an equivalised disposabl e income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is 60% of the national median equivalised disposable incom e (after soc ial t ransfers). Gender breakdown is based on assum ption of equal sharing of resources within hou sehold.2) Exceptions to the referen ce year: M T: 200 0; IT , PT and SE: 2004BE, D E, EL,ES, FR, IE, IT, LU, N L and PT have used a dif ferent m ethodology for the calculat ion of the At-risk-of-poverty and results are not com parable w ith other contries . H oweve r comparisons between wom en and m en w ithin M S are st ill valid and it is not likely that the ranking of the countries would differ m uch by us ing the same m ethodology as the rest.

Educational attainment

Educational attainment (at least upper secondary school) of women and men aged 20 - 24, in EU Member States - 2004

79.173.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

SI EE P L SK C Z LT IE F I SE EL BE AT HU C Y LV FR EU -25

D K NL UK DE IT ES LU PT MT

women men

Source : Euros tat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), Spring results .NB: DE, EL, IE, IT and EU-25: P rovisional value. Exceptions to the reference year: LU and NL: 2003.CY: students abroad are not covered.

Academic career

Relative share of women and men in a typical academic career for EU-25 - 2003

46

43 42

32

15

5459

4641

85

68

5857

54

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

ISCED 5AEnr olments

ISCED 5AGraduates

ISCED 6 Enrolments

ISCED 6 Graduates

Grade C Grade B Grade A

%

WomenMen

Source: European Commission, Research DG, WiS database.A Grade: the single highest grade/post at w hich research is normally conducted w ithin the institutional or corporate system. B Grade:researchers w orking in positions not as senior as top position but more senior than the new ly qualif ied PhD holders. C Grade: The first gr ade/post into w hich a new ly qualified PhD ( ISCED 6) gr aduate w ould nor mally be recruited w ithin the institutional or corporate system. ISCED 5A : Tertiary programmes to

provide suffic ient qualif ications to enter into advanced research progr ammes & professions w ith high skills r equirements. ISCED 6 : Tertiary programmes w hich lead to an advanced research qualification (PhD). NB : ISCED 5A Enrolments : Exception to the reference year LU: 1999; EL: 2002; Data unavailable for FRISCED6 Enrolments: Exception to the reference year EL: 2002; Data unavailable f or FR, LU, DE, SI

Gr ade C, B, A:Exception to the r ef er ence year: CY :2002; FR, PT:2001; EL:2000; NL: FTE, SI: Data estimated, FR: Grade C unavailable; Data unavailable for IE and LU.

Healthy life years at birth

Healthy life years at birth; the number of years that a person is expected to live in absence of limitations in functioning/disability, 2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

IT CY AT BE ES PL EL MT IE D E FR C Z SE PT DK U K N L HU FI

y ears Women Men

Source: EurostatNB : Estimations are applied for mortality data and prevalence of disabil ity was extrapolated on data of previous years: 1995-2001; for DE and UK: 1997-2001Exceptions to the reference year: BE, MT and PL: 2002. Data are not available for EE, LU, LV, LT, S I and SK.

Average age of women at birth of first child

20

22,5

25

27,5

30

LT EE LV SK PL CZ HU CY AT PT SI DK EL FI FR IE SE LU DE NL ES UK BE IT

Age 1999 (1) 2003 (2)

Source: Eurostat, Demography statistics.NB: Exceptions to the reference years: (1) DK and IT : 1996; BE: 1997. No data are available for MT.(2) DK and FR: 2001; EE, EL, ES and UK : 2002. No data are available for BE, IT and MT.

Average age of women at birth of first child - 1999 and 2003