UMR 5205 A short history… and some insight into the future of IT Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team.

UMR 5205

A short history… and some insight into the future of IT

Lionel Brunie

National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA)LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205

Lyon, France

http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 04/10/23 2

Laboratoire d ’InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d’Information –UMR CNRS 5205 (LIRIS)

~280 persons – ~100 permanent researchers and staff – ~180 PhD students

2 departments: Image processing Data-Knowledge-Services

DRIM team: Distributed processing, Information Retrieval, Multimedia and Mobility

3

Agenda

Back to (pre-)history

What has happened to IT ?

Visions for a new (IT) world ?

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 04/10/23

Master course - Lyon, 2011-2012 - 04/10/23 4

A short history of computers and IT…

60 years ago…

5


20 years ago…


6


Today…


7


Today…


8


Tomorrow ?


9

A short history of computers and IT… The Jaguar

224162 cores – Memory: 300 TB – Disk: 10 PB

AMD x86_64 Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops) Rmax = 1759 – Rpeak = 2331

Power: 6,950 MW

http://www.nccs.gov/jaguar/


10

A short history of computers and IT… Tianhe-1A

186 368 cores – Memory: 229 TB – Disk: 10 PB

14336 Intel EM64T Xeon X56xx (Westmere-EP) 2930 MHz (11.72 GFlops) + 7168 NVidia GPU Tesla M2050

Rmax = 2566 – Rpeak = 4701

Power:4,04 MW… only !


11

A short history of computers and IT… K-computer

705 024 cores – Memory: 1410 TB – Disk: 10 PB – « 6D-Torus-Tofu » Network

88128 Fujitsu 2.0GHz 8-core SPARC64 VIIIfx processors packed in 864 cabinets (1 cabinet = 96 computing nodes + 6 I/O nodes)

Rmax = 10510 – Rpeak = 11280 (computing efficiency : 93,2 %)

Power:12,7 MW… only !


12

A short history of computers and IT… The LCG System Architecture

Tie

r-1

Tier-0

10 Gbps linksOptical Private Network

(to almost all sites)

Trigger and Data

Acquisition System

Tie

r-2

General Purpose/Academic/Research Network

From F. Malek – LCG FRance


13

And in 2011, a (still) new paradigm: the Cloud

“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet”

Amazon, Google, Microsoft… even L’Oréal !

Everything as a service Infrastructure as a service Platform as a service Software as a service

Behind the scene: a grid

Do not worry, be happy: the cloud takes care of your all your digital activities

Issue: digital activity, digital life, life ?

For the first time in the history of mankind, some[body, thing] can know everything about your life: your professional data, your friends, the movies/the leisure you like, your friends, your political opinions, your mood…


14

What has happened to IT ?


15

Technological Evolutions

« Universal » identificationRFID - Electronic Product Code (EPC) – EPCGlobalNetwork – Object

Naming Service (ONS)IETF Host Identity Protocol (HIP)

Large bandwidth communicationsOptical fiber3G, 3G+, 4G, WiMaxWiFi Direct

GeopositioningGPS/GalileoGSM


16

Technological Evolutions (Cont’d)

Super computing Parallel super-computers (1- Jaguar (224162 cores, 2,3(1,7) Pflops)): Super-clusters (Google 1,8 millions of servers ? Soon 10 millions ?)

Super storage Key: ~GB Disk: ~TB Data Center: ~PB

Micro-Nano technologies

Sensors – Sensor networks

Convergence digital camera – telephone – laptop → smartphone


17

Software Evolutions

Cloud computing

Social networks

Services - SOA

E-Services

Mobility (M-services)

Object Service / Service Object

All digital, any where, any time Era


18

« Vision »: « Calm Technology »

« The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it »

[The objective of pervasive computing is to ] “ … make a computer so imbedded, so fitting, so natural, that we use it without even thinking about it.”

“Ubiquitous (pervasive) computing is roughly the opposite of virtual reality. Where virtual reality puts people inside a computer-generated world, ubiquitous computing forces the computer to live out here in the world with people.”

« A new way of thinking about computers in the world, one that takes into account the natural human environment and allows the computers themselves to vanish in the background »

Mark Weiser, Xerox PARC, 1991-


19

Vision (Cont’d)

[M. Satyanarayanan, 2001]Pervasive computing environment = « one saturated with

computing and communication capability, yet so gracefully integrated with users that it becomes ‘a technology that disappears’ »

So:“Smart” spaces“Invisibility” and transparencyScalability


20

Visions (Cont’d))

« I just want to use these f… so-called smart objects/appliances/… »

« I want to get rid of the software/hardware/network organization/structure: I just want to access my personal data and the data I need what ever the place /when ever the time

« Put down the barriers »: no network interconnection pb, no computer administration frontiers

What about security/privacy ???


21

The « object-subject » is actor (a first-class citizen) of the system smart objects / smart everything active objects

« Intelligence » is, at first, the « network » i.e., the ability to exchange information

« Intelligence », is also the ability to self-adapt to the user profile and the context (« context awareness »), to weave into the environment

« Ego » is part of the context

« Intelligence », finally, is the ability to organize: autonomously (autonomic computing, self healing…) spontaneously

Ecosystem

Visions (Summary)


22

Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. (for today)

Sensor networks (smart dust)

Home networks

Patient monitoring (personal area networks)

Emergency management / battlefield / borders monitoring

Museums and pervasive buildings

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) / MANET

Alert management (parking, kids, etc.)

Supply chain

…


23

Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe

Society and RFID

Personal data spaces

Web of things

Machine To Machine (M2M) / Object To Object (O2O)The never lasting intelligent fridge ?Maintenance – Supply chain« Intelligent » sensors networks


24

U-Society People to People (P2P): Facebook on your cell phonePeople to Object (P2O): PachubeGeopositioned Services: App Store

Spimes (Bruce Sterling) ?

« Hypermatter » (Bernard Stiegler) ?

Do-IOT-Yourself: Arduino / Fab Lab ?

Applications of Ubi./ Perv. Comp. for tomorrow… maybe(Cont’d)


25

Back to the « vision »: the Cloud

An old dream: Computing as a utility (John Mac Carthy: “Computation may someday be organized as a public utility” (1961))

A supposed to be user centered vision managing a computer is exhausting the user does not care about the system components: the user just

want his problem to be solved eliminate the burden of the software/hardware management allow the user benefit from economies of scale

A business vision a small set of computing power providers a global market an integrated « hyper-market »: computing, entertainment, learning ? for the best of the big companies


26

What IT world do you want to build ?


UMR 5205 A short history… and some insight into the future of IT Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team.

Documents

mood master course lyon

short history of computers

brunie slide

mobility slide

time era master course

history of mankind

computing nodes

ubiquitous computing