Master course 2011-2012 - 25/02/2014 1 Some additional words about cloud computing Lionel Brunie National Institute of Applied Science (INSA) LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM.

Master course 2011-2012 - 04/10/23 1

Some additional words

about cloud computing

Lionel Brunie

National Institute of Applied Science (INSA)LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205

Lyon, France

http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie

Master course 2011-2012 - 04/10/23 2

What’s a Cloud ?

"A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers” (Buyya et al.)

“A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualized, dynamically-scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms, and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet” (Foster et al.)

Start point: October/November 2007 - IBM Blue Cloud

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Types of clouds

Public clouds (or external clouds) resources are dynamically provisioned on a fine-grained, self-

service basis over the Internet, via Web applications or Web services.

the cloud is hosted, operated, and managed by a third-party vendor from one or more data/computing centers

organizations/customers lease shared resources from public clouds, effectively becoming infrastructure tenants rather than owners

computing becomes a public utility

Private clouds (or internal clouds) emulate cloud computing on private networks

Hybrid clouds merge multiple internal and/or external clouds

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IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)provides computing environments/infrastructure i.e., hardware, softwarethe provisioned infrastructure can dynamically scale up and down depending

on the actual needsAmazon EC2 and S3

Platform as a Service (PaaS) high-level integrated environment to build and deploy applicationsrestrictions on the type of applications but scalable platformGoogle’s App Engine for deploying Web applications

Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers software to consumers through the Internet Salesforce: online CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Services ;

Live Mesh from Microsoft: files and folders synchronization

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Other XaaS offerings

Storage as a Service 

Data(base) as a Service (DaaS)

Process as a Service - Business Process as a Service

Network as a Service (NaaS)

Integration as a Service 

Security as a Service - Identity as a Service

Testing as a Service

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Visit of a Cloud vendor web site

http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/

« Values to customers include:Reducing IT management complexity and skill

requirements Sharing resources among multiple applications Accelerating application launches Supporting both existing and emerging, data-intensive

workloads

»

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Characteristics

From the customer point of view:Scalability Reliability FlexibilityCostSecurity and Privacy PerformanceUbiquitous and fast accessQuality of ServiceService Level AgreementPricing systemSimple to use

From the internal point of viewVirtualization« Grid » management

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Comparison of some cloud platforms

From Foster et al.

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Example: Amazon EC2/S3

Compute Cloud EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/ec2/pricing//185-8840065-1558013/« private » virtualized servers (« instances ») of different types example: High-CPU Extra Large Instance

7 GB of memory 20 EC2 Compute Units 1690 GB StoragePricing on a per hour basis for each instance type: from $0.085/hour for the small

standard "On-Demand" virtual machine running Linux to 29x more for the largest one running Windows (Jan. 2011). The data transfer charge ranges from $0.08 to $0.15 per gigabyte, depending on the volume

Data Cloud S3 (Simple Storage Service) pricing: http://aws.amazon.com/fr/s3/pricing/ from $0.055 to $0.14 per GB-month (standard storage), + bandwidth usage (from $0.05

to 0.12 per GB – EU price) + requests (from $0.001 to $0.01 per 1000 requests)556 stored billion objects (Oct. 2011) (Marc 2010: 102 billion objects) data transfer is charged by TB / month data transfer, depending on the source and

target of such transfer.

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Example : Microsoft Azure Fabric

Type d’instance Processeur Mémoire Stockage Performance I/O

Petite 1.6 GHz 1.75 Go 225 Go Moyenne

Moyenne 2 x 1.6 GHz 3.5 Go 490 Go Élevée

Grande 4 x 1.6 GHz 7 Go 1 To Élevée

« Extra » grande 8 x 1.6 GHz 14 Go 2.04 To Élevée

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Microsoft Azure SLA

Compute : connection to the

« Compute » service > 99,95%

Web and Worker roles > 99,9%

note : service interruption interruption > 5 mn

Storage « failed » transactions

(error rate) < 0,1% credit = 10%

if 0,1% <= error rate < 1%Credit = 25%

if error rate >= 1%

1. “Failed Storage Transactions” include any of the following transactions that are also included in Total Storage Transactions:

a. Transactions not processed within the time period specified below:

Request Type Maximum Processing Time*

PutBlob and GetBlob (includes blocks and pages)

Get Valid Page Blob Ranges

Must complete within the product of 2 seconds multiplied by the number of MBs transferred in processing the request

Copy Blob Must complete processing within 90 seconds

PutBlockList GetBlockList

Must complete processing within 60 seconds

Table Query List Operations

Must complete processing or return a continuation within 10 seconds

Batch Table Operations Must complete processing within 30 seconds

All Single Entity Table Operations

All other Blob and Message Operations

Must complete processing within 2 seconds

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Windows Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)Windows Azure

Traitement

Tarif unitaire

24h/24 pendant un mois (30 j.)

24h/24 pendant un an (365 j.)

Petite instance(1) (par défaut) 0,0852 €/h 61.344 € 746.352 €

Instance moyenne(1) 0,1703 €/h 122.616 € 1491.828 €

Grande instance(1) 0,3405 €/h 246.16 € 2982.78 €

Instance « extra » grande(1) 0,6809 €/h 490.248 € 5964.684 €

Stockage

Espace de stockage 0,0993 €/Go stocké/mois

Transaction 0,0071 €/10 000 transaction de stockage

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Transfert depuis Europe/Am. du nord

0,1064 €/Go de données transférées

Transfert depuis une autre région

0,1419 €/Go de données transférées

Transactions 0,0071 €/10 000 transactions

http://www.microsoft.com/france/windows-azure/Offres/tarification.aspx

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SQL Azure: pricing (1st sem 2012)

SQL Azure

Web edition

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 1 Go 7,085 €/mois l’unité

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 5 Go 35,425 €/mois l’unité

Business edition

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 10 Go 70,913 €/mois l’unité

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 20 Go 141,826 €/mois l’unité

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 30 Go 212,739 €/mois l’unité

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 40 Go 283,652 €/mois l’unité

BDD relationnelle jusqu’à 50 Go 354,565 €/mois l’unité

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Windows Azure Platform AppFabric: pricing (1st sem 2012)

Appfabric

Contrôle d’accès 1,4114 €/100 000 transactions

Bus de service

Connexion à l’unité (en “pay as you go”) 2,8298 €/connexion

Pack de 5 connexions 7,0566 €

Pack de 25 connexions 35,2827 €

Pack de 100 connexions 141,1308 €

Pack de 500 connexions 705,654 €

Transfert de données

Europe et Amérique du nord

Entrant Gratuit (2010 : 0,071 €/Go)

Sortant 0,1064 €/Go

Asie/Pacifique

Entrant Gratuit (2010 : 0,2128 €/Go)

Sortant 0,1419 €/Go (2010 : 0,3192 €/Go)

See also offers: http://www.windowsazure.com/fr-fr/offers/ms-azr-0003p

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Comparison of 3 cloud service offerings(1st sem. 2010)

Offre

Instances a la demande Instances réservées

Transfert de

données

Stockage

MonitoringLoad

balancing

Linux Windows Linux Windows

Espace de

stockage

Requêtes

Amazon EC20.095~2.68$/h

0.12~2.88$/h

0.04~1.12$/h ou

115~6370$/an

0.06~1.38$/h ou

115~6370$/an

Entrant : 0.10$/GSortant:0.08~0.15$/

Go

0.11~0.15$/Go

mensuel

~0.11$/million

de requêtes

0.015$/instance-

heure

0.028$/Répartiteur

-heure

Google 0,10$/CPU-heure    

Entrant : 0.10$/Go,Sortant:0.12$/Go

0.15$/Go mensuel

Microsoft   0,12$/h    

Entrant : 0,10$/Go, Sortant : 0,15$/Go

0,15$/Go mensuel

0,01$/ 10k requêtes    

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Cloud Market

Gartner: identifies the Cloud as one of the four trends that will change IT and the economy

in the next 10 years (http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1470115)

predicts that the value of Cloud Computing will surge to 150.1 billion dollars by 2013

expects SaaS demand to continue to growth to a total of more than 14 billion dollars by 2013

IDC [BBE10]: the market for private enterprise Cloud servers will grow from an $8.4 billion

opportunity in 2010, to a $12.6 billion market in 2014SaaS revenue will grow five times more than traditional softwareby 2014, about 34% of all new business software purchases will be consumed via

SaaS. Steve Ballmer (Microsoft's CEO) (March 2010):

about 75% (90% in a year) of Microsoft customers are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud inspired

Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA):33% among all European organizations are using cloud computing systems

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PaaS types

Pourcentage

Serveur d'applications

SGBD

Enveloppe applicative

BPM

Autres

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Some cloud clients

"FedEx, State Street Bank, Northrop Grumman and multiple U.S. Government agencies."

Toyota, Whirlpool, ESPN, UPS, Philips, …

Parallels, CapitalSource bank, aspire, …

spongecell, zendesk,…

CA Lyon, Société Générale, Virgin Mobile, webster, …

BestBuy, Ubisoft, …

Deutsche Bank, Ernst & Young, Honda, Heineken, Allianz

Best Buy, Flightcaster, Shopify,…

Stora enso, Mondi paper, SCA, Sandvik Steel, Lindel, Nynas

simco electronics, media news group, NES, US Data corporation,…

CBS Outdoor, San Francisco courts, Washington state, Victorinox, Primagas, …

3M, Siemens, City of Miami, GoGrid,…

AIG, AMD, Mastercard, Vodafone, …

national geomatica, CI privés, africa inland mission

Dell, Häagen-Dazs, AOL, Canon, …

sitemasher, D3 security, piranha games, …

Delta airlines, FedEx, Vodafone, Pirelli, …

SEDS, ecounting, head start, dfg, …

pixar, sony, harvard, unesco, …

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A market oriented vision of a cloud based IT world

From Buyya et al.