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LP 1+2 SEM I
Alopecia=baldnessCandida( of the oral cavity)=thrush - aftaDyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomachHemorrhoids=pilesHerpes zoster=shingles – zona zosterEdema=swellingRubella=german measles - pojarelUrticaria= heat spots= nettle rash= hivesArteriosclerosis=hardening of the arteriesStenosis=narrowingCerebral palsy=(to be) spastic=spastic paralysisEructation=belching - ragaialaHalitosis=bad breath - halenaInfectious mononucleosis=glandular fever=kissing diseasePoliomyelitis=polioRubeola= morbilli=measles – pojar → morbillus - pustulaVaricella=chickenpox – varsat de vantBursitis=housemaid’s kneeCerebral infarction/bleeding=stroke = CVAFlatulence=windHerpes simplex=cold soreMyocardial infarction=heart attackCardiac arrest= cardiac stopFailure = insuficientaPyrosis=heartburn – arsuri gastriceTendonitis=tennis elbowVerrucae=warts - negiChiropodist=podiatrist=foot doctorPhysiotherapist=physical therapistEar-nose-throat specialist (ENT)=orelist=otolaryngologistBed-ridden=confined to bed=immobilized to bedBedspread=bedcover-cuverturaTo gain weight=to put on weight ≠ to lose weightSight=vision → vision problems=eye problemsEdge=limit=margin=borderTo feint=to mislead- a fentaLumber=wood – cherestea, lemn
Lumbar puncture=lumbar tapSwab=padMyositis- inflammation of the musclesMyalgia – muscle painDisease=affliction=sickness=illness – to be afflicted withCough = tussisWhooping cough=pertussisInfectious=catchy=communicable=communicative=transmissible=contagiousPlain language= to use layman terms- termini nespecializatiResult = outcomeDiagnosis (subst) – diagnostic (adj) – to diagnose (vb)=to make a diagnosisMumps=infectious parotitis – oreionSmallpox=variolaSequelae= the long-term results of an illness or treatmentDifferential diagnosis= identifying several illnesses which the patient may haveSymptoms= what the patient complains ofSigns=what the doctor seesExamination= study of the patient’s bodyEtiology=causePrevention=prophylaxisMedical history = patient’s medical background, problmes, behavior and lifestylePorter-persoana ce sta la intrarea unei institutiiOrderly-brancardierSpeech therapist-logopedTo dispense-eliberarea medicamentelor fara retetaTo fill the prescription-eliberarea medicamentelor cu retetaOccupational medicine-medicina muncii; occupational specialist-specialist in medicina munciiOccupational hazard-risc professionalCrutch-carjaDrip stand-perfuzorMonkey pole-helps the pacient to get up from bedHoist-scripeteBedpan=ploscaA general practitioner refers his patient to a specialist- letter of referralThe Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery=FMAMSwab – tampon pentru stergerea sangeluiSlob – natarau, natang / grasan, durduliuTo tick – a bifa (vb) ; capusa (subst)
Cuff- mansonair-borne particleto be on call – de gardaon call schedulecannula – branulaprobe- sondapit-groapato soar-a crestesore – a durea (vb)
- sore throat = gat inflamat (adj)- leziune, rana (subst)
Trolley-pat mobil de regula in interiorul spitalului=gurney(targa mobile pliabila de obicei pe ambulanta) si in plus stretcher- fara rotito be on duty≠to be off dutynormal≠abnormal
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract
To extand=to enlargeExpansion=widening=dilatationdilatation≠narrowing, constrictionallergist NOT allergologistneuropathy-disorders of the nervous systemepidemic=outbreakpandemic-the whole population is affectedbronch(o)-the combinatory form for bronchusappearance=ocurrancefever=pyrexiaweakness=fatigue=tiredness=debility-stare de slabiciuneto weaken=to debilitateresult=outcomehemo-/hemato-= the combinatory form from bloodsputum=phlegm=expectorationsaliva=spithist(o) – the combinatory form for tissueto inflame=to swell → inflammation=swellingwheezing – respiratie suieratabluish discoloration = cyanosis
to block=to obstruct → blockage=obstructionbronchitis – bronsitabronchiectasis – bronsiectazie layer=stratumfor fluids we use to accumulatepus – puroi → pyo- : to discharge puss-a supuraempyema = acumulare de puroi intr-o cavitate a organismuluihydro- = combinatory form for fluidssteadily=constantlysquamous-it resembles scalecroup – pneumonie crupoasabarking cough – tuse ragusitachills = rigorsmyalgia=muscle painemphysemapolyps=adenoidsbronchoscope-it examines the tracheobronchial passagewayhypoxemia- insufficient oxygen in the blood ≠hyperxemiawheeze – whistling sound caused by narrowing of the respiratory passagewayantitussive – drug which relieves coughsudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) = crib deathacidosis asthma - characterized by dyspnea and wheezing croup – characterized by barking cough, difficlut breathing and laryngeal spasmnasal septumbronchospasmepistaxis=nosebleedhilum=depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter = hilussinus – cavity or channelhypoventilation≠hyperventilationpneumothoraxpleurisy=pleuritis=inflammation of the pleuratuberculosisdyspnea=air hunger=difficult breathingpneumonia=pneumonitisinfluenza = the fluasphyxia=suffocationrhinoplasty=plastic repair of the nose
adenotome=instrument for removing adenoidsrhinorrhea=nasal discharge≠nasal congestion or nasal stuffinessseptum=partitionaspiration=accidental inhalation of foreign materialanoxic=lacking oxygenatelectasis=incomplete exapansion of lung tissuebrochostenosis=constriction of a bronchusaphonia=lack of voicerale=abnormal chest soundbronchogenic=originating in a bronchusapnea=absence of breathingglottis=opening between the vocal vordsalveolus=air sac=air pocketupright positionhypocapnic=deficiency of carbon dioxide≠hypercapnic
The Hospital
To hospitalizeTo admit a patient to a hospital≠to discharge a patient from a hospital → admission of the patient≠discharge of the patientStaff=personnelHospitalization=patient stayProvision=supplyShrine-altar, sanctuaryThe patient undergoes surgeryThe doctor performs/does surgery=the doctor operates on a patientAnesthetist – anesthesiologist – the specialist - the nurse – nurse anesthetistDeity-zeitateSurgery – operation - specialty
- ca sala de operatieOperating room (O.R.) = operating theatreWidespread≠localised (a tumor for example) or ≠restricted, isolatedSimilar=alikeObsolete meaningDorm =hostel - camin
Endowment – provizii, dotariLeporcy – lepraTo have a medical insurance= to be medically insured=to be covered by medical insuranceUnit – sectieOngoing=continuousPartition-paravanWard-salonIndividual room=private room – rezervaTo run=to operate a hospitalInpatient=hospitalized patient ≠ outpatient= ambulatory patientMedical facility – centru/oficiu medicalTo be set up=to be foundedEmergency department (ED)=emergency roomCasualty – victimTo sustain casualties – a suferi daune/pierderiAppointment = callPrior=previousBed sore=pressure sore=hospital gangrene=pressure gangrene or pressure ulcer=nosocomial gangrene=decubitus ulcer/gangrene – escaraTo assay=to test=to examineFirst degree burnAttending doctor- medic currantPrivate practice=medical office- cabinet medicalEye doctor=ophthalmologistComa patient=comatose patient → to be in a coma/ to be in a state of comaCarcinoma → onco - → oncologist, oncologyOBGYN = obstetrician + gynecologistHeart attack = myocardial infarction; cardio- for the heartCondition=disease; statea- → lack of sth, absence of sthintensive care unit – ICUspecialist – medic specialistsenior specialist=senior physician – medic primarmedical facility – unitate medicaladentist – deals with caries=cavities; plomba- tooth feeling; to fill a cavity- a plombastomatologist – deals with diseases of the oarl cavitythrush = candida- aftaThe Faculty of Dentistry
Dermatologist=skin doctorPhysical therapist = physiotherapistDispensary – partea din fata a farmacieiMedical record – fisa medicalaNosocomial infection = hospital-acquired infection – infectie nozocomiala/intraspitaliceascaHospital administrator – director de spitalTo administrate a hospital and to administer a drugHospital admission – internare; admittance- intrareMedical/hospital care – ingriire medicalaObservations chart=medical chart- foaie de observatieChildren’s hospital- spital de copiiHospital/hospitalization costsDental hospitalHospital doctor/physician/practitionerHospital equipmentGeneral hospital – spital generalHemodialysis unit- unitate de dializaHospital laundry – lenjerie de spitalHospital management- conducerea spitaluluiMaternity hospitalMental/psychiatric hospitalHospital mortality →mortality rateMilitary hospitalHospital nurse and hospital orderlyMedical personnel=medical staffState/public/government hospital – spital de stat ≠ private/proprietary hospitalHospital records – arhiva spitaluluiHospital setting – mediu medicalMedical/hospital stay – perioada de internareTeaching hospital – spital clinicUniversity hospital – spital universitarStagiu – hospital trainingHospital wastesHospital workerTo deal with = to handleSocial skills=people skills=bedside mannersSkilled – calificat, instruit; skillful- talentat ≠ skillessSelf-indulgent – delasator, comod
Required subject ≠elective subjectUndergraduate education/training – studii de licenta → undergraduate studentPostgraduate education – studii de doctoratCurriculum – plan de invatamantSyllabus – programa analiticaLicentiate diplomaTo be licensed to – a fi acreditat saTo rotate – in cadrul rezidentiatuluiMalpracticeDisorders of bones and joints
Bone = os (ossa – pl) → adj:osseous, bony, osteal → forme combinatorii : osteo-, ossi- → ossical =os mic : auditory ossicals
Joint=articulationMuscle → muscular-adj
→ myo- → myocitis, muscle tone, atony(lack of muscle tone)
Orthopedist=orthopedic surgeon → orthopedicsOrthodontistLASER – light amplification by stimulation of emission of radiationEx-raysInfection → infectious≠noninfectiousInflammation → inflammatory ≠noninflammatory/ anti-inflammatory (medicament antiinflamator): NSAID= nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugTuberculous spondylitis= Pott’s diseaseSimple/closed fracture ≠ open/compound fracture when the bone punctures/pearces the skinSplit – atelaSplinter-aschieOsteoporosis → brittle bonesBone mass – masa osoasaProneness – predispozitieTo bear – a suporta (bore, born)Intake – aportDisuse, overuse, misuseCast – ghipsRickets – rahitismOsteogenic sarcoma=osteosarcoma
Amputation → amputeeArthritis → arthritidis la plDegenerative joint disease (DJD)=osteoarthritisWear-and-tearStenosis → stenoticLoose (liber, desfacut,dezlegat) bowel movement= diarrheaAnalgezic=painkillerTo assuage, to mitigate, to soothe, to palliate, to alleviate to ease, to relieve painSystemic=generalOvergrowth – excrescentaGout – gutaGoiter – gusaAnkylosis=immobility and fixation of a jointHernia → herniation →to herniate; concealed hernia-hernie ascunsa; herniated disk=ruptured/slipped diskNucleus pulposus=central portion of an intervertebral diskTo rupture – a perforaCervix=neck → cervicalSciatic nerve (sciatica)Discectomy – removal of the diskSpinal tap=spinal puncture=rachiocentesisBackbone=vertebral column=spinal column=spine=rachis→rachidesMyopathyAssay – prelevare de proba/testPolymyositis – polimiozitaDysphagiaLE=lupus erythematosusAlkaline phosphatase – enzyme needed in the formation of the boneankylosing spondylitis=rheumatoid spondylitischondrosarcoma = a malignant tumor of cartilageosteomalacia osteomyelitis – inflammation of bone and bone marrowPaget’s disease=osteitis deformansMeniscectomy=removal of knee cartilageLordosis=curvature of the lumbar spineScoliosis = sideways curvature of the spineLaminectomy = removal of part of a vertebraSubluxation=partial dislocation
Spondylolisthesis=displacement of a vertebraMalleolus=bone projection at the ankleOsteoclast= cells that destroys the boneExostosis=outgrowth of boneOsteopenia=deficiency of bone tissueMetacarpals=bones of the handPatella=kneecapPubis=anterior bone of the pelvisZygomatic=facial boneOccipital=posterior skull boneTarsals=bones of the ankleCarpals=bones of the wristPhalanges=bones of the fingers and toesAponeurosis=flat, sheetlike tendonAtaxia=lake of muscle coordinationTorticollis=wryneckTetany=muscle spasm due to a metabolic imbalanceAvulsion=forcible tearing away of a partMyokinesis=muscle movementMyotenositis=inflammation of muscle and tendonDystonia=faulty muscle toneRhabdomyoma = muscle tumorRectus abdominis=muscle that runs vertically at the center of the trunkGluteus maximus=main muscle of the buttocks (breech=buttock)Deltoid,triceps branchii, pectoralis major, gastrocmenius, semitendinosus
To be consistent with – a se potrivi cuTo examine=to see a patientTo consult a physicianSkin=integument → integumentary, cutaneousA check-up – controlFoster parents – parinti adoptivi; foster childrenTo foster- a se ingriji de copiii altora; fosterageCompensation claim- cerere de compensatieSeek-soughtTidal volume – volum respirator currentObsolete=out-dated=old-fashionedSeldom=rarelyLitigation – cearta, conflictTo get over/ to recover from a illnessTo recur=to relapse- a recidivaPacient on the specific unitTap=puncture- punctieA fit of cough → fit=episode=seizure=attackHead trauma=head injuryBrain concussion – comotie cerebralaTorment – chin, suferintaFright – spaimaTo bulid up- a se acumuaAnaphylactic shockAutologous blood= sage de la pacientul insusiCannula- branulaProbe- sondaTo suppress=to inhibitTo nurse= to look after patients
Recapitulare
Air hunger=dyspnea=difficulty in breathingBaldness=alopeciaDyspepsia=indigestion=upset stomachHemorrhoids=piles
Cerebral palsy=A disorder usually caused by brain damage occurring at or before birth and marked by muscular impairment. Oftenaccompanied by poor coordination, it sometimes involves speech and learning difficulties.
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Gastroenteritis= inflammation of the membrane lining the stomach and the intestines
Speak in a whisper= a vorbi in soapta
Disease and treatments
Ailment = durere usoara
Visual – loss
-impairement
Dreaded = feared
Epidemic = outbreak
Pandemic=an epidemic of unusually large proportions, affecting most of the inhabitants of a certain area at the same time
Relapse = recurrence = recidiva
The course of the disease is...
Succumb to an illness = a muri dintr-o boala
Hypersusceptibility
Unhealthy = insalubru
Affliction = suffering
Heart throb ->rhythmic throbbing =pulsation= beating --> to measure/ check/ fill the pulse
Atherosclerosis = hardening of the arteries
Shortness of breath = air hunger = dyspnea
Eupnea = normal breathing
To nauseate = a ii fi greata -> nausea=greata
Aneurism=a disease of the artery wall that causes a localized dilatation of the artery and a pulsating tumor.
Overexertion = suprasolicitare, surmenaj
Tablet= pill
Transplant : donor vs. recipient
Flap = lambou (bucată de carne sau de piele care se conservă la amputații pentru a acoperi scheletul și părțile osoase sau pentru a fi grefată în altă parte a corpului)
To bring the pressure down to within normal limitis
to have a health insurance = to be covered by medical insurance = to be medically insured
appendix -> adj. appendicular
hectic = chaotic
to make rounds = a face vizite
to take turns = a face cu randul
shift = tura ( day or night shift )
-rraphy = surgical suture, repair by means of surgery
emergency room = E.R.
comprehensive health = total / overall
anesthesiologist to anesthetize anesthesia
deity = zeitate
surgery = 1) operatie ; 2) chirurgie; 3) sala de operatie
operating room / theatre
widespread – isolated ; localized
similar = alike
obsolete = no longer in general use, outdated
hostel = dormus = camin
endowment = provizii , dotari
leper ( a person who has leprosy ) -> leprosy = lepra
medical insurance -> medically insured
ICU = Intensive Care Unit
on-going = continuous
ward = salon
partition = paravan
individual/private room = rezerva
unit = sectie
to presume = to assume
clotting = coagulation
to run/ operate a hospital or university
hospitalized = in-patient
ambulatory = out-pacient
facility = centru / unitate medicala
set up = to found
emergency department / room = E.D./E.R.
casualty = victim
to sustain casualties = a suferi pierderi
prior = previous
appointment = call
bed -> escara = bed sore / pressure sore / decubitus ulcer / decubital , hospital or nosocomial gangrene / pressure gangrene
to charge someone = a percepe o taxa
salary = incasat pe 1 luna wages = avans + lichidare
bioassay
to assay = to test = to examine
first degree burn
geriatrics -> geriatrician
MD = medical doctor
to attend a pacient
phrase = sintagma
cabinet medical = private practice / medical office
to fill a prescription ( pharmacy )
coma -> adj. comatose ( the pacient is in a coma )
obstetrician-gynecologist ophthalmologist otolaryngologist = ENT specialist pediatrician
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
hysterectomy = surgical removal of the uterus ( bcs of benign/malignant tumor ). mastectomy = excision of a breast rhinoplasty = plastic surgery of the nose
sterile = germ-free
larynx = voice box
trachea = windpipe
-ectomy = the removal of sth
catheter = tube for evacuating or injecting fluids dressing = bandage
forceps = instrument for holding, grabbing or extracting retractors = instruments for holding back the margins of a wound scalpel = surgical knife , surgeon’s knife gurney = targa mobile hook = retractor pt vene sutures = the result after sewing up the incision weighing scales = cantar syringe stethoscope gag = calus sling = suport pt fixarea bratului rupt( 2) = prastie ) stretcher = targa ( stretcher bearer = orderly ) thermometer tourniquet = garou curette = instrument pt chiuretaj ( = curettage ) splint = atela drain = tub de dren ( drainage = drenaj )
1) Emergency surgery2) Urgent surgery – you can wait for a day or two : appendectomy , colecystectomy .3) Required surgery – not life threatening4) Corrective surgery5) Optional surgery