- 1. CONFERENCE THEME:Emerging Competitiveness Paradigms TITLE:
Indias Competitiveness Edge- A Study of the Role of Corporate
Social Responsibility________________________________________
Author Details:Prof. Ms. Ketna L MehtaProf. Dr. Uday SalunkheEditor
& Associate Dean, ResearchDirectorWelingkar Institute of
ManagementWelingkar Institute of ManagementL.N. Road, Matunga (E),
Mumbai 400019L.N. Road, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019Tel.Nos: 022 2417
8300 Extn: 705Tel.Nos: 022 2417 8300 Extn: 705 - 022 2407 1952Email
Id: [email protected] Id: [email protected]
/[email protected]
2. Indias Competitiveness Edge - A Study of the Role ofCorporate
Social ResponsibilityABSTRACTThe theme of corporate social action
assumes pivotal significance in the world wide debate onsustainable
development. Modern corporation exert considerable influence on the
economy,polity & society of the nation. The world over
increasingly, there is an evidence of extraordinaryeconomic power
exercised by mega corporations, their impact being more severe in
the case ofdeveloping countries. As more of the developing
countries in the world opted for a democraticframework, the issues
of economic & social governance became very important; these
subsumeissues like human rights, labour standards, health care and
poverty among others. Secondly thecompetitiveness index in India is
very low due to the existing social problems & there is a
needfor companies to join in to raise the competitiveness level of
the country.The paper firstly examines the trends in the area of
CSR over the years from chequephilanthropy to community projects to
corporate governance. Continues by providing an insightin the space
of CSR in India and highlights the research done on the initiatives
undertaken bydifferent companies in this regard. It also includes a
detailed study of the current CSR policies &initiatives of one
of Indias pioneering companies in this field, Tata Steel.The paper
concludes with a few thoughts on what is the future & the need
of the hour i.e.a tripartite action on part of government, public
enterprises and the corporate sector to face thechallenges put
forth by the changing economy.Lastly the focus is on the proposal
of building a CSR Index for India which will helpimprove corporate
responsibility by providing a systematic process that compares
companiesmanagement processes and performance with those of others
in their sector. It would provide abenchmark for companies who are
committed to managing, measuring and reporting theirimpact on
society. It will also help companies who want to venture into a
certain area of CSR toknow how much work has been done there and
what has been their experience.Research Assistance: Altaf Patel and
Ramit Munshaw are Welingkar students pursuingPGDBM (Year 2005 07) 2
3. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:The role of business in society
has been debated in economic literature for a long time. By theterm
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), what is generally understood
is that business hasan obligation to society that extends beyond
its narrow obligation to its owners or shareholders.This idea has
been discussed throughout the twentieth century, but it was Howard
R. Bowensbook on Social Responsibilities of Businessman published
in 1953, which was the origin of themodern debate on the subject.
Bowen reasoned that there would be general social andeconomic
benefits that would accrue to society, if business recognized
broader social goals inits decisions.Corporate Social
Responsibility is nothing but what an organization does to
positively influencethe society in which it exists. It could take
the form of community relationship, volunteerassistance programmes,
healthcare initiatives, special education / training programmes
andscholarships, preservation of cultural heritage and
beautification of cities. The philosophy is,basically to give back
to the society, what it (business) has taken from it, in the course
of itsquest for creation of wealth. Social responsibility becomes
an integral part of the wealth creationprocess - which if managed
properly should enhance the competitiveness of business andmaximize
the value of wealth creation to society.The World Business Council
for Sustainable Development in its publication "Making GoodBusiness
Sense" by Lord Holme and Richard Watts used the following
definition."Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing
commitment by business to behave ethicallyand contribute to
economic development while improving the quality of life of the
workforce andtheir families as well as of the local community and
society at large."Another definition is "CSR is about capacity
building for sustainable livelihoods. It respectscultural
differences and finds the business opportunities in building the
skills of employees, thecommunity and the government." 3 4.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY A BROADER PERSPECTIVESince 1990, a
number of developments such as increasing democratization of
governments,creation of newer social and economic institutions,
rapid growth of volunteerism in the form ofnon-profit
organizations, increasing consumer awareness, focus on the need for
reducingpoverty, dealing with the human rights issues, among others
have reinforced the need toarticulate policies and actions to
incorporate responsiveness.CSR is concerned with treating the
stakeholders of the firm ethically or in a socially
responsiblemanner. The aim of social responsibility is to create
higher standards of living, while preservingthe profitability of
the corporation. (Michael Hopkins 1998)Expected outcomes of social
responsibility are: improved financial performance,
increasedcustomer loyalty, higher ability to attract to attract and
retain employees, reduced regulatoryoversight, workforce diversity,
product safety and decreased liability, employee
volunteerprogrammes, and greater use of renewable resources.Simon
Zadek (2001) describes the development of CSR broadly in terms of
threegenerations: The 1st generation of CSR showed that companies
can be responsible in ways that do not detract from commercial
success. The most prominent changes include adoption of strategic
approach to philanthropy, expansion of the geographic focus of
corporate, and evolving of measurement tools. The 2nd generation is
focusing on CSR as an integral part of long term business strategy
The 3rd generation of CSR is expected to make a significant
contribution to address issues such as poverty, exclusion and
environmental degradation. This will involve both partnerships with
civil society and changes in public policy.Today we find that as
more and more industries are setting up their factories, they
areencroaching on the land which belonged to the community residing
there, and therefore throughtheir activities they end up affecting
the existing lifestyles of the community members.For maintaining
cordial relations between the members of the community and the
organization itis essential for the organization to depict a fair
behavior and must give back to the communitythrough various
community related initiatives. This strategic move is of mutual
benefit and is4 5. critical for the success of the organization as
it can gain a competitive advantage as it is seen asan organization
which is concerned for the people and all its stakeholders.To
illustrate the convergence between the community and the
corporation the use of theThe London Group Benchmarking Model is
valuable. The LBG seeks to develop andexpand the reporting of
company activities in the community so that they are
moretransparent and can be judged by the impact they
achieve.Philanthropy: Intermittent support; wide range ofcauses; in
response to needs and appeals of charitableand community
organizations; in partnership betweencompanies, employees,
customers and suppliers.Social Investment: Long-term and
strategicinvolvement in community partnerships;limited range of
social issues chosen by thecompany; to protect long-term
corporateinterest and to enhance its reputation. Commercial
Initiatives in the Community: Activities in the community led by
commercial departments; directly support company success, brands
and other policies; in partnership with NGOsBusiness Basics: Core
businessactivities; meeting societysneeds for cost-effective
goodsand services; in a manner that isethical, socially
andenvironmentally responsible.5 6. The London Group Benchmarking
ModelThe Philanthropic component: This is typically what all
companies, including Indiancompanies do. The distinctiveness of
this component is that it satisfies the lowest level needof the
organization i.e. it provides a reputation of being a caring
company. Here companiesnot only make donations of money or kind but
also employee volunteering.The Social Investment component: Here
the company looks at a more systematic andstrategic activities with
its community involvement with a view of attaining business
benefits inthe medium term. Such activities are typically aimed at
communities, but at times bothemployees as well as their families
can be the beneficiaries.The Commercial Initiatives: Here while
addressing social issues the company is alsofocusing on the
commercial benefits it can derive from the activity undertaken.
Typicalexamples include Cause-related marketing or event
sponsorship.Triple-bottom-line. The company studies the impact of
its activities on the society and planeti.e. societal and
environmental returns, apart from the financial returns.The
relative sizes of the components are meant to reflect the impact of
that activity on thecommunity. Hence here we see that business
ethics impacts the society more than thephilanthropic
activities.This model is very useful as it is a good representation
of the strategic community involvement,the business links with the
community and the stakes emerging from the accountability,
ethicaland management perspectives.In India we have not yet
witnessed significant development in these fields but steps are
beingtaken towards addressing the rights of communities across the
business landscape. 6 7. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - TODAYCSR
can affect a variety of stockholders, including customers,
employees & their families,investors, local communities,
environmental groups, government, suppliers &
competitors.Accordingly, CSR involves a wide range of practices in
the area human rights, employeerelations, diversity, consumer
protection, environmental protection, fiscal responsibility
&accountability, market practices & philanthropy.Indian
MNCs like the, ITC, Ranbaxy & DuPont India, have endeavored to
create a better socialorder. What is significant with these
companies is that they initiated the process of CSR fromtheir
doorstep by providing a better & healthy work atmosphere to
their employees. Part of the wealth created should be made
available for the benefit of the nation. In creation of wealth,
care must be taken to not only protect the environment but also
enhance it so that this world, which we have borrowed from our
children, is left in better shape for them. Leadership in business
is living by these ideals and leading by example. In todays world,
the only constant is change. Leaders must anticipate change, drive
it, make acceptable to all stake holders, and turn threats into
opportunities through their vision & their actions.People argue
that there must be legal provisions for CSR, just like the concept
of corporategovernance in structuring the board of a company. It is
seen that the company nameindependent directors in their board of
directors as a statutory requirement. The very notion &goal of
protecting shareholders interest is defeated as in many companies
independentdirectors are friends of promoters and act as rubber
stamps. The point of submission here isnot to formalize CSR in a
legal boundary. Let it come from within the company, let it evolve
as acompanys philosophy, something attached to the companys
brandand let society be thejudge of its sincerity of purpose and
honesty of action.A survey by the Capital Care of the London
business community points out Over three quartersof the business
here agree that organizations should do more than the law requires
onenvironmental concerns & over half think that they should do
so on social objectives.Of course, all companies must conform to
the basic legal requirements pertaining to CSR, suchas
environmental norms, labour welfare requirements, and advertising
laws. But they must7 8. 55strive beyond the legal requirements.
Here I would like to cite the example of DuPonts IndiaSafety
Standards where all employees have a prescribed code of conduct
something beyondthe legal requirement.There must be a set of
ethical & moral values to guide all business processes at the
workplaceas well as the market place. In the words of Kofi Annan,
U.N. Secretary General: We have tochoose between a global market
driven only by calculations of short term profit, and one whichhas
a human faceBetween a selfish free-for-all in which we ignore the
fate of the losers,and a future in which the strong and successful
accept their responsibilities, showing globalvision &
leadership.CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - GROWTH OVER THE
YEARS:In India, the term CSR might be new but the concept is not.
It has been there since the earliesttimes, going back to an age
where society itself was in its formative stages. It has
incorporatedin the various religious laws where a part of ones
earnings are donated for the benefit of thepoor and community
welfare. The Hindus call it Dharmmada, the Muslims Zakatah, the
SikhsDashant; call it by whatever name you will, the concept has
been imbibed in the society fromthe very beginning. As individuals
joined hands to form organizations, the same conceptbecame embedded
in the originations.Gandhis philosophy of trusteeship is similar to
the CSR of the modern business world; theGandhian notion of
trusteeship has been followed by the Tatas and Birlas ever since
theirinception.Jamshedji Tata with his vision to create the Indian
Iron & Steel Industry transformed anunknown village Sakchi,
later named as Jamshedpur into a model town of planning
&community care.The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has
transformed huge areas in Indianvillages by empowering producers
& creating a manufacturing outlet for their produce. Dr.Kuriens
AMUL-led Operation Flood was the forerunner of this initiative,
which has spread tomany states & similar operations. 8 9. The
Tatas under the chairmanship of S.P.Kotwal conducted a social
audit, the aim of whichwas to find out areas where Tata was not
able to discharge its responsibility towards society.The reason for
all this hectic society is not far to seek. CSR adds value to the
socialenvironment, the work environment, and ultimately to the
company. According to a report, nineof the top ten Forbes 500 firms
have something in common besides success: CSRprogrammes. Corporate
philosophy is undergoing a change, from Profit making tovalue
creation- something far more enduring.Operation Muskan, this Smile
Train project was flagged off in October by Tata Steel
RuralDevelopment society (TSRDS) - Tata Steels NGO community
service arm. The TSRDSrealized the urgent need for this form of
reconstructive surgery at various health camps. At oneweek long
camp in Ghatshils, doctors treated 108 cleft palate cases; in
Deoghar, 149 peoplerequested for the surgery.While India Inc. still
calculates the plusses & minuses of good corporate conduct,
corporatesocial responsibility for the Tatas & Birlas is an old
tradition. The Tata Group invested more than150 crore on the social
sector in 2002, the A.V. Birla Group Rs. 57 crore, Reliance Rs. 30
crore,& Infosys Rs. 5 crore. Tata Steel set aside as much as
12-14% of its profit after tax (PAT for2003-04 is Rs. 1746.22
crore) for welfare activities.The Infosys Foundation supports
disadvantaged people directly or through organizations.
Thefoundation prefers to work through smaller organizations &
donates in kind father than in cash.For instance, recently gave
books in Kannada worth Rs. 10,000 to a village library, so that
itcould help strengthen the local language.The middle class
founders of the mega-successful Infosys believe that wealth must be
equitablydistributed Unless you create wealth by legal means, you
cannot distribute it. And without thetwo, you dont have progress
says N. R. Narayanmurthy of this celebrated &
brilliantlysuccessful IT company. Putting public good ahead of
private good in every decision youmake, will in fact, result in
reaching the private good.To distribute its substantial wealth
& formalize its social support initiatives Narayanmurthy &
hiswife Sudha set up the Infosys Foundation in March 1997 which
receives 1% of the 9 10. companys after tax profit. All financial
assistance to the needy is given in the form of rule-based
distribution of money.In the field of education, the foundation has
instituted 26 scholarships for Ph.D scholars in 13prestigious
institutions. It has also anchored the train & trainee program
in which computerscience students form engineering colleges are
exposed to the latest IT trends. The foundationhas also played an
important role in setting up science centers & libraries and to
date, 1001libraries have been inaugurated with assistance from this
foundation.The Infosys Foundation is committed to giving 30% of its
funds to old people, thedestitute & the handicapped, 15% for
rural development, 30% for education of poor buttalented children,
15% for cultural activities & 10% for health care, both in
village and incities.Dr. Irani propounded five basic tenets of CSR
at the 27th annual meet of the US-India businesscouncil meeting:
The aim of the industry should not be to make money. The aim should
be toserve customers & other stake holders and the result would
surely be more money. Andpursuing excellence would enable it to
create even more wealth. Companies are increasinglyrequired to
apply corporate social responsibility by balancing the economic,
social &environmental dimensions of their operation whilst
building shareholder value. CorporateGovernance is about promoting
corporate fairness, transparency & accountability.Companies
used to see this area of corporate social philanthropy as the last
thing on theiragenda ten years ago, but now they agree that social
& economic issues are intertwined.Corporate philanthropy - or
corporate social responsibility is becoming an ever more
importantfield for business. Todays companies ought to invest in
corporate social responsibility as a partof their business strategy
to become competitive. Corporate success depends on the
localenvironment: an appropriate infrastructure, the right types
& quality of education to future ¤t employees,
cooperation with local suppliers, quality of institutions, local
legislation & soon. In this corporate competitive context, the
companys social initiatives can have great impactno only for the
company but also for the local community. 10 11. CSR BUDGETS OF
SOME OF THE TOP COMPANIES IN INDIASr. Name of the companyTotal
Funds Deployed onNo.CSR Last Year (2004-05)1.ABB Ltd. Rs. 0.9
crores2.Amway India EnterprisesRs. 0.45 crores3.British GasRs. 1
crore4.Hindustan Lever LtdRs. 24.6 crores5.Infosys Technologies
Ltd.Rs.18 crores (1.5% of PAT)6.Jankidas Bajaj Gramvikas Sanstha
(Bajaj) Rs. 0.45 crores7.Tata Steel Rs. 189 crores8.Tata SonsRs.
144.9 crores9.TitanRs. 1.75 crores10. Wipro CorporationRs. 0.3
crores11 12. TATA STEEL THE PIONEERS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITYOrganizational ProfileOrganization type:MNCNumber of
employees:39,646Areas of operation: Mainly in Jharkhand &
OrissaGender Balance: (M: F): Non officers m/f ratio: 20:1Officers
m/f ratio: 14:1Products: Steel products from wire rods, cold
rolledsheets, blooms, slabs, bearings, agriculturalimplements &
minerals etc.Gross income/Turnover FY 2004-05: Rs. 16,663 croresNet
Profit FY 2004-05:Rs. 3604 croresTotal Funds deployed for CSR: Rs.
189 croresMain
Stakeholders:Shareholders/investorsCustomersEmployeesCSR Interface
/ ResponsibilityTata Steel relates itself to CSR as a service
provider.12 13. CSR AffiliationsTata Steel is a signatory or member
of: United Nations Global Compact Global Reporting Initiative
CII-UNDP Global Business Coalition for HIV/AIDS CII SDCA National
Committee STOP TB India Business Alliance SA 8000 THE Mining
Geological & Metallurgical Institute of IndiaCSR
PoliciesFounder & Group Chairman first articulated Tata Steels
explicit CSR policy in 1904. It was laterformalized as various
policies from 1980 onwards. It is monitored & enforced through
the TataBusiness Excellence Model.Tata Steel has an entire
organizational structure to enforce/monitor the policy.
Formaldepartments & divisions (Environment & safety, Public
Health, Medical Services, Socialservices, & family initiatives,
community development & social welfare, ethics, HR & IR)
areresponsible for CSR reports to the managing director through
deputy managing directorcorporate services & deputy managing
director steel. Deputy managing director corporateservices is also
a Tata Steel Board member.The company claims to have lined
compensation of the board members & seniormanagement to
sustainability performance:1. Anti-corruption or bribery Tata Steel
covers concerns of bribery through the Tata Code Of Conduct (COC),
which has specific clauses on Gifts & Donation & Conflict
of Interest. Moreover, it has an explicit Gift Policy, which is
step towards abating rivalry. The Tata COC was implemented in
1998-1999, Gift Policy on 1st January 2005. The company has an
ethics structure, with ethics counselor (Ombudsperson) and
departmental ethics coordinators for enforcing & monitoring
complaints of COC. The Ethics Counselor has been implemented since
1997-1998.13 14. 2. Antidiscrimination or rivalry While recruiting
also its press advertisements always specify, We are an equal
opportunity employer. Women candidates are encouraged to apply. The
company appoints fresh professionals from reputed campuses that
have an all India selection pattern. This ensures diversity amongst
its employees.3. Grievance Redressal For any complaint, the
employees can approach the ethics counselor. There is an individual
grievance handling procedure, which handles any deviation from the
standardized rule. An IT based grievance handling procedure called
Samadhan is also in place. Issues relating to any biases &
unfairness can reported to the ethics counselor who reports to the
managing director. A whistle blower committee ensures to maintain
confidentiality of the employees making complaints in this regard.
A service rule & standing order laid down the procedure and
policies of the company by which all employees are guided. Any
deviation from this is dealt by the management. Grievance handling
procedure is in place since 1920s.4. Transparency or disclosure
Tata Steel provides access to companys policies through its
website.5. Corporate Governance Tata Steel complies with the
requirements under clause 49 of the listing agreements entered into
the stock exchanges of India. It also discloses compensation
required by the Board members/Senior management.6. Environmental
Management Tata Steels environmental policy has been implemented
since 1994and monitored/enforced through environment management
system which also provides for a known complaints procedure.7.
Human Rights Tata Steel does not have an exclusive human rights
policy, however the social accountability policy is keeping with
the principle of SA 8000. Standard includes commitment to
conventions such as Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Rights
of Child 14 15. & ILO. This has been implemented since December
2003, monitored/enforced through the SA8000 MR System, with a known
complaints procedure.CSR Practice (Internal):1. Employee Benefits
Tata Steel seeks to create a world class development environment
through processes such as performance management, talent review,
recruitment through skills assessment, succession planning &
leadership development etc. Training & development plans are in
place across the organization for worker & officer cadres. The
ISO 9000, ISO14001, and OHSAS 18001 certification have clauses
taking care of employee welfare.2. Gender The HR Policy is
committed to equal employment opportunity. About 3.5% of the senior
management executives are women. There are no women executives in
board level. As per statutory norms all women employees are
provided the facility of maternity leave & crche. The facility
provided are more than what has specified in the act.3. Employee
Union Tata Steel allows for the unionization of the employees.
There are in all ten unions across all locations with which the
management interacts. Interaction takes place through joint
departmental council & joint consultative of management having
equal representation from both management & union.4.
Environment & Safety Tata Steel has a formal environment policy
in place. It provides internal environment awareness trainings and
health & safety. The company does not have a zero emission
policy, but endorses to complaints with regulations and going
beyond it as per its environmental policy. 100% of its production
is recyclable & therefore environment friendly.5. Products
& services Tata Steels products are used by all sections of the
society including the weaker ones. The company has products &
services extended to rural areas as well. 15 16. 6. Suppliers
Screening The company does not screen its suppliers on suitability
parameters. However it has started capturing details against some
parameters for each supplier.CSR Practice (External)1.
Social/Community/Charitable contributions Tata Steels top 5
community development projects in terms of priority:IssueSupporting
sinceIntegrated Rural Development1979Reproductive Health
1957Education &Vocational Training for1980Marginalized
CommunitiesHIV/AIDS Prevention 1990Sports Training1990Relief during
Natural Calamities19742. Infrastructure
DevelopmentYearProjectLocationYear 1995 onwards RuralRoad(300kms
Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa,approx), school(312 Gujarat, Tsunami
victimsassisted, 171 early child etc.education
centers).Irrigationprojects, checkdams (86 allied
projects,190waterharvestingstructures)Housesafternatural
calamities. 16 17. 3. CSR Socio-Economic Impact Social Audits
survey is conducted once in every ten years by eminent panel of
independent judges. Report on the survey conducted last year is
awaited.CSR & MediaTata Steel believes that publicizing its CSR
activities can be an effective way of raisingstandards in its
sector, mobilizing public opinion in favour of CSR, and boosting
the companysprofile. Tata Steels efforts for promotion of CSR
through CII has motivated new companys toadopt CSR policies and
initiatives.17 18. RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN - INITIATIVES TAKEN BY OTHER
CORPORATE:Company DomainProject (s) Partner (s) Special
FeaturesAllianz Sustainable Micro Allianz Bajaj has launched a
InvestBajaj LifeFinance Insurance Gain, a life insurance plan
whereInsurance sustenance of income is combinedwith a lumpsum
payment. The planoffers a monthly family incomebenefit (1% of the
sum assured)guaranteed for a minimum period of10 years. This allows
the family tocope with loss of regular incomeAmbatturCSR CSR The
company has been pioneeringClothing(Internal)concepts of employee
welfare,human rights & adhering to antichild laws. It is a FLA
(Fair LabourAssociation) compliant and itsfacilities are WRAP
(WorldwideResponsible Apparel Production)certified. Employees
benefit from awide range of facilities including achild care
centre, a primary healthclinic, subsidized/free vacancies &free
transport.America Micro Micro Self Help AIG has a joint venture
TATAIntnl Group Finance Insurance GroupsGroup for its insurance
business inIndia. TATA AIG sells microinsurance to the rural poor
byleveragingexisting distributionnetworks. It uses SHGs (Self
HelpGroups) and community enterprisesas low-cost delivery and
servicingchannels which also help in creatinglivelihood for the
poor.Asian Water Rainwater Glen CroftThe company has implemented
aPaintsManagementHarvestingrainwater harvesting project at
GlenCroft housing society in Mumbai.The society has benefited
byreducing its fresh water intake fromthe BMC (Brihanmumbai
MunicipalCorporation). The residents are notrequired to order water
tankersduring water shortages. This hasalso reduced the health
hazard ofresidents from contaminated tankwater during seasons.18
19. Company Domain Project (s) Partner (s)Special FeaturesBajaj
AutoBasic issues NGOs The companysupportsenvironment, health,
education &rural development initiativesthrough the Janki Devi
BajajGramvikas Sanstha. The trustoversees integrated development
of24 villages adjoining the locations ofBajaj Auto factories in
Pune &Aurangabad. The activities includeimprovement of natural
resources,increased productivity of land,empowerment of women,
health,education, sanitation & incomegeneration programmes.BG
IndiaEducationNGOs The company supports the localcommunities in
which it operates. Itis also involved in a number ofeducational
& charitabledevelopment projects. The grouphas an integrated
health, safety &environment (HS&E) managementupstream for
its internationalupstream& downstreambusinesses
&conductsitsbusinesses with due regard forenvironment, health
& safety ofemployees, those involved in itsoperations & the
public at large.Bharti Yuva Entrepreneur Business & BYST
develops entrepreneurs byShaktiship Industry providing people in
the age group ofTrustAssociations 18-35, who are either
unemployed(BYST)or with loans against no collaterals.Business
potentials from potentialentrepreneurs are screened by
anEntrepreneur Selection Panel (ESP)comprising expertsfrom
theindustry in marketing, finance,management etc. On approval,BYST
provides a range of businessdevelopment services along with
amentor, who gives guidance untilthe venture takes off.Presently
BYST is operational inDelhi, Chennai, rural Haryana,Pune,Hyderabad
& ruralMaharashtra. Out of these sixregions, four regions run
the urbanprogram, while two regions run therural program.19 20.
Company DomainProject (s) Partner (s) Special FeaturesCadbury Women
Womens NGOsThecompanylaunchedtheIndia Empowerment Gurikha Project,
close to its factory& Femaleat Malanpur near Gwalior
atInfanticide Madhya Pradesh. The projects keyfocus is on various
aspects ofwomens inequality, femaleinfanticide & rights of a
girl child.According to a survey (2003), theproject has succeeded
in giving asense of direction & confidence to alarge number of
women of the area& a marked improvement has beennoticed in the
general well being ofthe girl child.Apart from this, the company is
alsoworking on issues like primaryeducation, health & vetenary
care,womensincomegenerationactivities & strengthening of
thevillage council. Under the incomegeneration program nore than
10SHGs with monthly savings rangingfrom Rs.20,000 to 50,000
arefunctional in the area.Besides this, Cadbury has alsohelped
build a pre-school section tothe village school building for
thegirl children & a set of classrooms inanother village under
the samepanchayat.Cadence NGO CRY, SaiSupports Child Relief &
You (CRY)DesignPartnership Kripa,and its various projects
acrossSystems Tapovan geographical locations. Supportstwo NGOs in
its neighbourhood SaiKripa & Tapovan.Colgate Health, Oral Care
Pratham The IDA-Colgate initiative toPalmolive Education
ElementaryMovementeducate school children on theIndia Education
basics of oral care has coveredover 26 million children in morethan
50,000 schools spanning 120towns.Colgate partners with
PrathamMovement on the issue ofUniversalisation
ofElementaryEducation.20 21. CompanyDomainProject (s) Partner (s)
Special FeaturesCitigroupCause-FWWB, Out of its cards business,
CitigroupMarketingrelated SPARC contributessomeamountof
earningsforcommunity development. For instance each time a consumer
uses her Citibank womens card, Citibank contributes a percentage of
its earnings to two NGO partners of the womens micro credit
programme- Society for Promotion of Area Resource Centers (SPARC)
& Friends of Women World Banking (FWWB). Similarly
collaborations are made with WWF & CRY on its other credit card
types.CharitiesCause-CAF mainly focuses on primaryAidRelated
education by providing betterFoundation learningfacilities
toprimary(CFA)schools. It provides a one time grant to primary
schools without basic needs such as toilets, drinking water, black
boards, & a better learning environment. It also provides
financial & technical support to increase the enrollment rate
& decrease the drop out rate in some of the most backward
states such as Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan
& Orissa. Primary schools are identified by a Primary Group
survey of facilities available with them.CumminsEducation,Cummins
CIFhasundertaken variousIndiaEnvironment India initiatives like
School on Wheels Foundationwherein they educate children and (CIF)
adultson cleanliness, environmental issues, education etc. They
have also established the Cummins school of engineering for
providing higher education to girls. Apart from this they have
donated hearing aids to deaf people and established models for
channeling water in areas troubled with water shortage. 21 22.
CompanyDomain Project (s) Partner (s) Special FeaturesCRISIL
CorporateRatingIn order to evaluate the behavior of Governance
corporates towards all of its stakeholders, CRISIL has devised a
toolcalled Governance & ValueCreation Rating. It also
measuresthe tangible value such behaviourcreates for stake holders.
Bycombining these two elements ofcorporate practices and the
tangibleoutput that gets generated as aresult, Crisil seeks to
directly linkthe input side parameters ofgovernment practices with
the valuecreated on the output side. Forgood measure both the
governanceand value creation are captured forall constituents that
form thestakeholders community for theentity that is being
rated.Fabindia EducationThe FabIndia school in Rajasthansubsidizes
tuition fees for girls andinstills in them the competency toperform
as well as their malecounterparts. It also works todevelop a sense
of pride andbelongingness in their local heritageand exposing them
to issues of thelarger world.Forbes Health,SkillsThe social
initiatives of ForbesMarshall EducationDevelopment Marshall are
located in three maingeographical areas of Pune, mainly:Kasarwadi,
Morwadi & Pimpri.These initiatives are in the areas ofhealth
and education, legal rightsand awareness building for womenand
skill building for women so thatthey can earn an additional
income.Gokuldas CSRCSR(internal) The company follows
stringentImagesinternational laws on human rightsand child labour.
Employees benefitfrom health insurance, pensions,bonuses, gratuity,
paid sick leaveand day care centers.22 23. Company Domain Project
(s) Partner (s) Special FeaturesGlaxoSmithBasic Issues NGOs, The
company has partnered withKline (GSK)GovernmentNGOs, government
organizationsConsumer and the local communities and hasHealthcare
started various initiatives in the areas of urbancommunity
development, rural development, disaster relief, workplace
initiatives and medical fraternity initiatives. It regularly
conducts health camps, provides cattle insurance, free supply of
portable water and is engaged in rain water harvesting. It has also
started a programme called positive action to create awareness of
HIV/AIDS and to support people suffering from the
disease.HDFCSustainableMicro Finance HDFC operates as a wholesaler
inFinancemicro-finance and weaker section housing while advancing
the reconstruction activities in
Gujarat.HindalcoPovertyIntegratedTheintegrated
ruralpovertyIndustriesAlleviationRural Poverty alleviation
programme is initiated in Alleviation UttarPradesh, Jharkhand,
Chattisgarh and Dadar & Nagar Haveli among the most backward
areas of India. The company has adopted 340 villages for poverty
alleviation in a phased manner over a decade. In the 1st phase 71
villages have been zeroed in on where the focused projects will run
for 3 years.HSBCNGOEducation 40 NGOs inSupport those organizations
whichPartnership18 cities concentrate on primary and secondary
schoolingof the underprivileged, impart informal learning to foster
an understanding of hygiene, health & nutrition and help
children who are mentally and physically handicapped.ICICI
Sustainability Micro The companyoffers rainfallLombardInsurance
insurance schemes tailored toGeneralprovide protection
againstInsurancedeficient/excess rainfall and low temperatures
tofarmersnot covered by governments crop insurance schemes.23 24.
Company Domain Project (s)Partner (s) Special FeaturesICICI
SustainableMicroICICI Prudential offers
insurancePrudentialFinanceInsuranceprotect to low income
membersLifethrough schemes like MITR andInsurance
SurakshaIOCLCultureHeritage Sites ASI and Created a non-profit
trust name TheNCF Indian Oil Foundation (IOF). Theobjective of
their initiatives is toprotect, preserve and promoteIndias national
heritage and cultureand built a corpus of Rs. 25croresand an annual
recurring contributionof Rs. 10crores.Jet Airways Fund Raising
Magic BoxSave theRuns an in-flightcollectionChildrenprogramme, the
Magic Box inassociation with the NGO Save theChildrenIndia.
Theinitiativecontributed above Rs. 25million tillend April 2002.
This fund has beenused in the development activitiesat Kargil in
Kashmir, improvementof education & health care facilitiesin
quake affected Osmanabaddistrict in Maharashtra, and in thefight
against trafficking of women &child prostitution in the Indian
subcontinent.Kanoria Basic IssuesNGOsCommunity Services:
ContributionsChemicals to various schools & medical relief&
camps, tree plantation schemes,Industriessafety, health &
environment groups& disaster management centers.Social
Development Schemes:educational programmes, health
&medicalprogrammes,cultural,games & sports
programmes.Agricultural &EnvironmentalSchemes: fruit tree
plantationprogrammes, distribution of freesaplings, vegetable
cultivationprogrammes & water resourcedevelopment.Self
EmploymentSchemes:execution of training programmesfor tailoring,
basket making &sealing wax farming, amongstothers. 24 25.
Company DomainProject (s)Partner (s) Special FeaturesLupin Rural
WelfareLupin Lupins community involvement is Human carried out
through the Lupin Welfare & Human Welfare & Research
ResearchFoundation. The foundations rural Foundationconstruction
activity, till date, has been said to have benefited over 1900
villages in 11 districts of 4 Indian states covering nearly 1.45
million people, in areas of infrastructure,rural industry,
agriculture,animal husbandry, health & sanitation &
education & social welfare.Mahindra &EducationKCK C
Mahindra educational trust isMahindra Mahindrainvolved in &
contributes to various Educational education initiatives. These
are: Trust Providing interestfreeloan scholarships to post graduate
students going abroad for higher studies. MahindraSearchforTalent
Scholarships in schools in India to encourage & reward students
who have achieved academic excellence. KC Mahindra Chair at the
Institute of Science, Mumbai, to encourage students in nuclear
chemistry.Nokia India Environment Helping Hand Packaging of all
Nokia phones isEmployee done from recycled paper. Withvolunteering
every handset clear instructions arefor social provided for correct
disposal ofservices used batteries. Keeping in line with their
international programme of employeevolunteeringcalled Helping Hand,
Nokia India is involved with NGOs working with disabled children in
Delhi. Nokias employees provide support in terms of help &
training in accounts, human resources, IT, working with children
& other activities.25 26. Company Domain Project (s) Partner
(s) Special FeaturesNestleBasic Issues NGOsSupports
variouscommunity projects in education, health, welfare &
infrastructure around its factories. In Moga, Punjab, the company
established milk collection centres with cooling tanks, milking
machines & providing farmers with training in breeding &
feeding practices to increase the yield of their herd. This has
helped improve the quality of milk produced in the region, which in
turn helped local farmers increase their income. The company has
facilitated various initiatives to provide clean drinking water for
students of local schools around its factories & also organizes
projects with the Indian red cross, which include blood bank
services, immunization & health awareness.Panalpina Children
LiteracyCharity Aid It runs a computer
literacyWorldFoundationprogramme for the underprivilegedTransportin
the Pahar ganj area of New(India) PvtDelhi. It works in partnership
withLtd. charity aid foundation & Salam Balak Trust. Under this
programme the company teaches 25 children in three batches. The
company also helps other charities & NGOs by buying Christmas
cards from CRY, UNICEF, Helpage India, & crafts from visually
&Physically Handicapped people.Philips Strategy CSR Philips
India has rolled out itsIndiasupplierdeclarationon sustainability
in 2003. It outlines minimum behavioural expectations in the areas
of environment, health & safety & labour conditions. Social
audits of suppliers are carried out by a social responsibility
agency & quaterly reports are submitted to Philips global
headquarters. This data is subject to external audits as well. 26
27. Company DomainProject (s)Partner (s) Special FeaturesPizza
Under-Food for GoodA part of the profits of every
pizzaCornerprivileged sold at pizza corner goes to a fundIndia
Children called Food for Good which is meant to benefit lesser
privileged children. Beneficiaries of the programme include 20
street children in Bangalore who receive term deposits by the
company. These term deposits will fund the higher education of
these children who will then complete 10th grade & age
18.Polaris Education Education- Akanksha, Setup the Ulhas trust to
help &SoftwareFinancialPratham support theeducationofLab
SupportMovementeconomically backward children through scholarships
of Rs. 1500 which takes care of their annual
educationalexpenses.Career counseling and training sessions also
happen throughout the year to mentor the progress of these
children. About 1500 students were awarded in 2003.Star TV
Awareness-Public Service ChildrenRuns public servicesSocial Issues
Announcemenannouncements on a range ofts & Childrensocial,
health & environmentalrelatedissues such as child labour,
polio, AIDS, pollution & conservation. These announcements have
been effective in disseminating information. Donations from the
Star Care Payroll programme go to two registered charities working
on childrens primaryeducation- Akanksha & Pratham
Movement.TataEducation Support &Central & Set up the Audit
literacy programmeConsultancy ImprovementState (ALP) to
helptheIndianServicesof Adult GovernmentGovernment eradicate
illiteracy.Literacy The ELP uses the Computer
BasedProgrammeFunctional Literacy (CBFL) model, an innovative
teaching method designed by TCS, where the instructor uses
multimedia software to teach the adults to read. Adult illiterates
can learn to read after 40 hours of instruction of over 8 to 10
weeks.27 28. CompanyDomainProject (s) Partner (s) Special
FeaturesTetrapak HealthSchool Milk The idea behind School Milk
Programme Programme (SMP) is to deliver tasty, nutritious and safe
milk using Aseptic Technology. The SMP isdesignedfor addressing
health & nutrition needs school going children. The programme
encourages milk consumption amongst children. It also focuses on
actions that would contribute to the educational & overall
development of the children.TitanWomen Empowerment MyradaTitan are
looking at avenues toIndustries of women in enhance the standard of
living of Dharampuriwomen in Dharampuri village & those near
Hosur in Karnataka. Titan started by getting the women to make
chappatis for the factory workers. Later, they were asked to take
care of the Laundry. In 1995, Titan joined hands with Myrada, an
NGO that works on social causes & started a bracelet making
unit. Satisfied with the professionalism displayed by these women,
Titan then decided to convert the bracelet unit into a privately
held company called Meadow, owned & run by the women
themselves. Today, about 200 women own
meadow.WockhardtHealthHIV/AIDSWHARF Wockhardt had established WHARF
(Wockhardt HIV/AIDS Education & Research Foundation) an NGO,
with the help of Harvard medical international, a Harvard
university affiliate to control the spread of HIV/AIDSin
India.WHARF provides training to clinicians, nurses, paramedics
& counselors in areas of HIV/AIDS.Yes Bank Sustainable Project
USAID With support from USAID, Yes finance financing Bank has
increased financing of small & medium enterprises for energy
efficiency. The aim is to commercialize renewable energy, energy
efficiency & water technologies related products &
services. The U.S. guarantee covers upto 50% new principal loss 28
29. in case of default. This lowers the risk for YES Bank to invest
in small & medium scale enterprises.Just to give a broad idea
of the areas in which Indian companies are practicing their
CSRactivities, a small graph has been made showing the areas of
concentration & thenumber of companies (from the above stated)
who are working for it.35302520 Number of Companies1510 5 0LC CV EW
RDEMH &E NGOCG W & C R HIV/AIDS PIC LCLocal community
development CVCustomer Value through CSR EWEmployee Welfare RDRural
Development EMEnvironment Management H&E Health & Education
NGO NGO Support CGCorporate Governance W&CRWomen &
Childrens Rights HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS awareness & rehabilitation
PIC Protecting Indian Culture29 30. THE FUTURE:The theme of
corporate social action assumes pivotal significance in the world
wide debate onsustainable development. Modern corporation exert
considerable influence on the economy,polity & society of the
nation. The world over increasingly, there is an evidence of
extraordinaryeconomic power exercised by mega corporations, their
impact being more severe in the case ofdeveloping countries. As
more of the developing countries in the world opted for a
democraticframework, the issues of economic & social governance
became very important; these subsumeissues like human rights,
labour standards, health care and poverty among others. There
issufficient evidence to show that in many countries of the
developing world governments havenot been able to provide
investible resources for the social sector development, and
furtherwhere the government has been able to do so, they have not
been able to create requisiteinstitutional framework for the
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of such endeavours. Itis
therefore recognized that developing countries need to create
alternatives for social sectordevelopment, and of the suggested
routes for doing so is to develop viable & strategic
public-private partnership.It is also increasingly acknowledged by
the academics & the public policy makers that thebeginning of
withdrawal by the state in many developing countries signifies the
potential onsetof an era full of opportunities for developing
public-private partnership. It is also because neitherthe public
nor the private sector alone can counter effectively the challenge
of social sectordevelopment. The government on its own cannot get
involved any further in several sectorssimultaneously as it did in
the last four decades in many countries. One of the
biggestchallenges for governments in the developing countries like
India is to create and nurture adurable framework of institutions
who will translate public policies into deliverables. India needsa
strong institutional framework for meeting the multiple objectives
of economic growth anddevelopment. The second requirement is the
commitment of the top management of the publicenterprises and the
corporate sector to move away from a mere philanthropy to corporate
socialaction. In the public enterprises, corporate social
responsibility is practiced largely as per themandate of the
controlling ministry and is based significantly on the basis of
commercialconsiderations such as displacement and rehabilitation of
communities due to large scale sitedevelopment of newer projects.
In the corporate sector also one of the primary drivers for
theintroduction of corporate social responsibility is commercial
such market access to ruralhinterland. However, what is needed is
some commonality and continuity of themes forsustainable
development.30 31. There is a need for training and development of
a large pool of voluntary sector personnel andco-operatives so that
they can get substantively involved; non-governmental organizations
inmany cases have played an important role in initiating several
innovative programmes andactivities in the social sector; however,
a lot more is required to have them further involved in
asprofessional a manner as possible.It is therefore, suggested that
all the agencies and institutions including the
multilateralinstitutions assisting social sector development in
India world re-look at the cumulativeexperience of promoting
corporate social action in as transparent and accountable manner
aspossible. The public enterprises need to do more than the
mandated corporate socialresponsibility programmes and the
corporate sector should aim at involving the multiplestakeholders.
The larger issues and long run ramifications of public policy on
corporate socialaction for stakeholders and society need to be
integrated into a coherent plan of action in thefuture. There has
been a lot of debate on the impact of the 73rd and 74th amendments
to theConstitution of India; one of the disturbing aspects of the
debate is the uneven and tardyprogress in respect of several
schemes of public welfare due largely to such issues ascorruption
and deficiencies in institutional infrastructure. Therefore, there
is an urgent need for atripartite action on part of government,
public enterprises and the corporate sector. There isfortunately no
dearth of talented opinion makers and social activists but they
need to beharnessed and put in place to create a suitable platform
such that the movement forinternalizing and institutionalizing
corporate social responsibility becomes a durable one.31 32. THE
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INDEX FOR INDIA:At this point of
time there is no authoritative, voluntary, CSR (corporate social
responsibility)initiative that is business-led and engages with
companies from all sectors, publicly ranking theirCSR activity,
whilst consolidating information demands made on companies. Thus
what isrequired is a Corporate Social Responsibility Index which
would help meet this need in India.The Index will help improve
corporate responsibility by providing a systematic process
thatcompares companies management processes and performance with
those of others in theirsector. It would provide a benchmark for
companies who are committed to managing,measuring and reporting
their impact on society. The Index would be based on a framework
offour components shown in the following model: Performance
CorporateIntegration &ManagementStrategy Impact Community
EnvironmentMarketplaceWorkplaceThe Corporate Strategy section looks
at how the nature of a business activities influence itscompany
values, how these tie into strategy and how they are addressed
through riskmanagement, development of policies and
responsibilities held at a senior level in the company.The
Integration section looks at how companies organize, manage and
integrate corporateresponsibility throughout the operations. Is it
part and parcel of the company culture? Is itintegrated into the
strategic decision-making processes of the company and linked
through intointernal governance and risk management systems? 32 33.
The integration is assessed through the Management section where
the processes formanaging different stakeholder relationships are
reviewed. This section looks at what the keyissues are for the
business in the Community, Environment, Marketplace and Workplace,
theobjectives and targets set to manage these issues and how it
communicates, implements andmonitors its policies, objectives and
targets.Community relates to the interface between business and
society that can be both positivelyand negatively affected by a
project, product or investment on a local or global level.The
Environment comprises the worlds ecosystems and natural resources
and is affecteddirectly and indirectly by a companys operation,
products and services. Being responsiblemeans safeguarding both the
systems and resources for future generations.Responsibility in the
Workplace is the creation of a working environment where personal
andemployment rights are upheld.Responsibility in the Marketplace
is maintaining the highest standards of business practicewhen
developing, purchasing, selling and marketing products and
services.The Performance and Impact section looks at companies
performance across a range of socialand environmental impact
areas.The Corporate Responsibility Index would be a strategic
management tool to enhance thecapacity of businesses to develop,
measure and communicate best practice in the field ofcorporate
social responsibility. It would do this through benchmarking
corporate socialresponsibility strategy and implementation
process.The Index would be created by the support of leading
businesses in the country as well asleading NGOS who would be
committed to continually improve their positive impact on
society.Every year more & more successful companies would be
invited to participate in the CorporateResponsibility Index by
completing an online survey accessible via individual and
secureusernames and passwords.Even though the Corporate
Responsibility Index will be a self-assessment exercise a
centralagency will have to monitor the whole process. This central
agency will not be involved directly 33 34. in the task of rating
companies, but will act as the trustee overseeing the integrity of
theprocess.The implementation of the Corporate Social
Responsibility IndexThe Corporate Responsibility Index survey will
be made available to companies once they haveregistered to
participate in the Index. The survey would be a web based
electronic tool andwould also be password protected for each
individual company.Comprehensive guidance notes would also be
provided with the survey in the form of separatedocuments. These
would provide definitions, and help notes to support the
understanding ofwhy a particular aspect is important and how this
may be applied within a business. Togetherwith the survey this
would also provide a roadmap for integrating corporate
responsibility withinthe business.The Corporate Responsibility
Index would be a self-assessment process. Each submissionwould have
to be signed off at CEO or main board level to ensure
director-level commitment tothe credibility of the responses.A
market research company like ORG-Marg would be required here to
take up the responsibilityfor the collection, analysis and
aggregation of participant responses as well as add expertise tothe
validation process; it will examine all responses for completeness
and consistency. Inaddition it will also be needed to meet with
selected participants to check their understandingand
interpretation of the questions and seek further substantiation
when necessary.The robustness of the survey would be demonstrated
by the ongoing consultation andengagement with participants after
their surveys are submitted. It is critical that participantshave
understood and interpreted the survey correctly.34 35. HOW &
WHAT WILL THE INDEX MEASURE:The Corporate Responsibility Index will
measure responsible business practices throughevaluating four main
areas: The corporate responsibility strategy of the business How
this strategy is implemented across the business The management of
corporate responsibility within the business The performance in a
range of social and environmental impact areasEach Of The Four
Components Of The Index Model Would Be Weighted As Follows: Section
1: Corporate Strategy 20% of total score Section 2: Integration 20%
of total score Section 3: Management 25% of total score Section 4:
Performance and Impact 35% of total scoreIn addition each
management section of Community, Environment, Marketplace and
Workplacewould be equally weighted (5.625%).Companies would be
given credit for what they implement across their business and
questionswithin each section will again be generally equally
weighted.Once the validation process has been completed by market
research company, the results willbe electronically generated by
the survey databases.To ensure the ongoing sustainability of the
Index, a nominal fee for participating companies tocover part of
the validation cost will be charged at a later stage in the life of
the index.Publishing The IndexResults of the index will have to be
published in the leading publications for the index to
gainacceptance by more and more companies.Participating companies
will not be named until the results are published. It is at the
companysown discretion should they wish to publicize their
involvement on their own websites or if theywish case studies of
their corporate social responsibility practices to be reported in
thecontacted newspapers. 35 36. BENEFITS FOR THE COMPANIES:By
completing the Corporate Responsibility Index, the company will be
using a proven businesstool that enables you to most effectively
incorporate best business practice through yourstrategy and
implementation processes across the whole organisation.Completing
the Corporate Responsibility Index will drive overall performance
through enhancedreputation, the retention and attraction of
talented staff, lower costs through eco-efficiency andbuilding upon
existing company profiles for investment purposes.There will be a
confidential individual feedback report which will provide
companies with theirposition- overall in the Index, in their
sector, economic group and leading Indian businesses. It isa
powerful internal management tool helping to engage board members
and raise awareness ofthe complete range of corporate
responsibility issues across the business whilst highlightingareas
of strength and weakness.The Index will be an important external
communications tool enabling companies to underwritethe public
statements that they make on responsible business practice. It is
an importantcommunications tool during a time when stakeholders are
becoming increasingly skeptical.FUTURE OF THE INDEX &
SUSTAINABILITY:The process will improve (less of a time constraint,
etc) if this gets through the first cycle. Withenough goodwill and
trust from the business community, the belief is that a foundation
can beestablished which will eventually see companies voluntarily
coming forward to be a part of thisindex.However, for this to
happen, the need is of business is to embrace the given
opportunity. That iswhy this is seen as being a collaborative
process - in which the central agency will have to be asflexible as
possible in responding to the day-to-day needs of participating
companies. 36 37. REFERENCES: The London Group Benchmarking Model
Partners in Change Strategy Paper 2001-0; Pg42 Whos Who in CSR in
India A Resource Guide 2006 Harish Srivastava and Shankar
Venkateshwaran, The Business of Social Responsibility, Books for
Change, Bangalore 2000 Harward Business Review Articles on CSR R.
Aga: Embracing CSR the saner alternative, Forum of Free Enterprise
Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts, Practices and Country
Experiences C. V. Baxi & Nazy Chadha Corporate Responsibility:
Dipankar Gupta Stakeholder Engagement: The Concept and Practice
Ravi Puranik & Viraf Mehta CSR Debate in India: From
Philanthropy to Public Private People Partnerships, Jagdish Gulati
Management Education and Value Based Curriculum Ajit Prasad The
Role of Social and Societal Responsibility as a Core Value of the
University and Corporate Sectors R. NatarajanSurveys: ACNielson
2005 Corporate Image Monitor results
http://www.acnielson.co.in/news.asp?newsID=144 The state of CSR,
Partners in Change (PiC), Indian Market Research Bureau (IMRB) 2003
Centre for Social Markets (CSM). Corporate Social Responsibility
Perceptions of Indian BusinessWebsites: Centre for Social Markets
http://www.csmworld.org CSR World http://www.csrworld.org Indian
Chamber of Commerce Online http://www.indianchamber.org37 38.
Authors ProfileProf. Dr. Uday Salunke Director - Welingkar
Institute of Management is a mechanicalengineer with a management
degree in Operations, and a Doctorate in Turnaround Strategies.He
has 12 years of experience in the corporate world including
Mahindra & Mahindra, ISPL andother companies before joining
Welingkar in 1995 as faculty for Production Management.Subsequently
his inherent passion, commitment and dedication toward the
institute led to hisappointment as Director in 2000. Dr. Salunkhe
has been invited as visiting fellow at the HarvardBusiness School,
USA and European University, Germany. He has also delivered
seminars at theAsian Institute of Management, Manila and has been
awarded "The Young Achievers Award-2003" in the field of Academics
by the Indo American Society recently. 38