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NU-LEC INDUSTRIES PTY LTDA Schneider Electric Company
TECHNICAL MANUAL
FOR
U27-12POLE MOUNTED RECLOSER
(International Terminology Version)
SCOPEThis document describes the features and operation of the
U-Series Automatic Circuit
Recloser as well as the installation and maintenance
procedures.
Document Part No: N00-502Document Revision Level: R 01
COPYRIGHT NU-LEC INDUSTRIES PTY LTD 2000
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U-Series Technical Manual
Nu-Lec Industries Pty Ltd.
ACN 085 972 425
37 South Street,
Lytton,
QLD 4178,
Australia.
Tel +61 7 3249 5444
Fax +61 7 3249 5888
LIMITATIONS
This document is copyright and is provided solely for the use of
the recipient. It is not to becopied in any way, nor its contents
divulged to any third party, nor to be used as the basis of atender
or specification without the express written permission of Nu-Lec
Industries Pty Ltd.This document discloses confidential
intellectual property that belongs to Nu-Lec Industries P/L.This
document does not invest any rights to Nu-Lec Industries
intellectual property in therecipient. Moreover the recipient is
required not to disclose any of the intellectual propertycontained
in this document to any other party unless authorised in writing by
Nu-Lec IndustriesPty Ltd.
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U-Series Technical Manual
CONTENTS1
Introduction................................................................................12
Scope of this Technical Manual
...............................................3
2.1
General.................................................................................................................32.2
Equipment Versions Covered by this Manual
....................................................32.3 Controller
Version Covered by this
Manual........................................................32.4
Software Identification
System............................................................................32.5
Software Version Covered by this Manual
.........................................................42.6
Related
Documents.............................................................................................42.7
Year 2000 Compliance
Statement......................................................................4
3 Specification
..............................................................................53.1
Environmental
......................................................................................................53.2
Recloser
...............................................................................................................5
3.2.1 Basic
Timings................................................................................................53.2.2
Ratings...........................................................................................................53.2.3
Breaking
Duty................................................................................................63.2.4
Duty Cycle
.....................................................................................................63.2.5
Terminal
Clearance/Creepage.....................................................................63.2.6
Current Transformers
...................................................................................6
3.3 Control
Cubicle.....................................................................................................63.3.1
Radio/Modem................................................................................................73.3.2
Local Operator
Controls................................................................................73.3.3
Control Electronics Thermal Constraints
.....................................................7
3.4 Protection and Auto Reclose Functions
.............................................................73.4.1
Inverse Time
Protection................................................................................73.4.2
Definite Time Protection
...............................................................................83.4.3
Instantaneous
Protection..............................................................................83.4.4
Sensitive Earth Fault Protection (SEF)
........................................................83.4.5 Cold
Load
Pickup..........................................................................................83.4.6
Inrush Restraint
.............................................................................................93.4.7
Loss Of Phase
Protection.............................................................................93.4.8
Live Load
Blocking........................................................................................93.4.9
High Current
Lockout....................................................................................93.4.10
Automatic Protection Group
Selection.......................................................93.4.11
Auto-Reclose.............................................................................................103.4.12
Directional
Blocking...................................................................................103.4.13
Other Protection Features
........................................................................103.4.14
Loss of Supply
Detection..........................................................................10
3.5 Power System
Measurements..........................................................................113.5.1
General
........................................................................................................113.5.2
Demand History
..........................................................................................113.5.3
Event History
...............................................................................................11
4 Recloser Construction and
Operation...................................134.1 Recloser
Mounting.............................................................................................134.2
Manual Trip
........................................................................................................134.3
Line Connection/Terminals
...............................................................................134.4
Surge
Arresters..................................................................................................134.5
Control Cubicle
Connection...............................................................................134.6
Recloser
Memory...............................................................................................144.7
Contact Life
........................................................................................................144.8
Line Voltage
Sensing.........................................................................................14
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U-Series Technical Manual
5 Control Cubicle
.......................................................................
175.1 Tropical, Moderate and Temperate
Versions...................................................175.2
Equipment
Panel................................................................................................175.3
Radio Mounting Tray
Space..............................................................................205.4
Sealing & Condensation
....................................................................................205.5
Mounting &
Earthing...........................................................................................205.6
Auxiliary Power
Source......................................................................................215.7
Auxiliary Supply Control Cubicle
Options..........................................................215.8
Cable Entry
.........................................................................................................225.9
Current Injection
Point........................................................................................225.10
Computer Port
..................................................................................................22
6 Control Electronics
Operation............................................... 236.1
Control & Protection Module (CAPM)
...............................................................236.2
Operator Panel Subsystem
(OPS)....................................................................236.3
Control Cable Entry Module
(CCEM)................................................................236.4
Description of Operation
....................................................................................24
7 Operator Control Panel
.......................................................... 277.1
Turning on the Control
Panel.............................................................................277.2
Organisation of Liquid Crystal
Display...............................................................287.3
Microprocessor Running
LED............................................................................287.4
TRIP/CLOSE Keys, ENABLE/ISOLATE Switches
..........................................287.5 Display
Groups...................................................................................................287.6
Selecting Displays
..............................................................................................297.7
Changing
Settings..............................................................................................29
7.7.1 Use of Quick
Keys.......................................................................................307.7.2
Use of SELECT , and MENU
Keys....................................................30
7.8 Password Protection
..........................................................................................308
Work Tags and Controller
Mode............................................ 31
8.1 Local/Remote
Mode...........................................................................................318.1.1
Local Mode
..................................................................................................318.1.2
Remote
Mode..............................................................................................31
8.2 Work
Tagging.....................................................................................................318.3
Definition of Local or Remote User
...................................................................32
9 Protection
................................................................................
339.1
Overview.............................................................................................................339.2
Multiple Groups of Protection
Settings..............................................................339.3
Operator Settings
...............................................................................................339.4
Protection OFF
...................................................................................................349.5
Sensitive Earth Fault Control
.............................................................................349.6
Earth Fault Control
.............................................................................................349.7
Changing Protection Settings
............................................................................349.8
Overcurrent
Protection.......................................................................................359.9
Inverse Time
Protection.....................................................................................36
9.9.1 Protection Curves
........................................................................................389.9.2
Interactions between curve
parameters.....................................................39
9.10 Definite Time
Protection...................................................................................429.11
Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF)
.............................................................................429.12
Loss Of Phase
Protection................................................................................439.13
Live Load
Blocking...........................................................................................439.14
Auto-Reclose....................................................................................................439.15
Sequence
Reset...............................................................................................449.16
Lockout
.............................................................................................................44
9.16.1 High Current Lockout
................................................................................449.17
Single Shot
Mode.............................................................................................459.18
Inrush Restraint
................................................................................................45
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U-Series Technical Manual
9.19 Cold Load Pickup
(CLP)..................................................................................479.19.1
Cold Load Pickup
Example......................................................................489.19.2
Cold Load Pickup Status
Display.............................................................499.19.3
Operator Control of Cold Load
Pickup.....................................................49
9.20 Sequence
Control............................................................................................499.21
Automatic Protection Group Selection
...........................................................509.22
Fail to Operate Under Protection
....................................................................50
10 Directional
Blocking................................................................5110.1
Characteristic Angle and Fault Regions
.........................................................5110.2
Phase Directional
Blocking..............................................................................5210.3
Earth/SEF Directional
Blocking.......................................................................5210.4
Earth Residual Voltage Balancing
..................................................................5410.5
SEF Residual Voltage Alarm
..........................................................................5410.6
Event Record
...................................................................................................5410.7
Configuration
pages.........................................................................................5610.8
Parameters to be
Configured..........................................................................59
11 Event Log
.................................................................................6111.1
Event Log Display
Updating............................................................................6111.2
Protection Generated
Events..........................................................................6111.3
Loss of Supply
Events.....................................................................................63
12 Power System
Measurements................................................6512.1
Power System
Frequency...............................................................................6512.2
Switchgear Terminal
Designation...................................................................6512.3
Power Flow
Direction.......................................................................................6512.4
Real Time
Displays..........................................................................................66
12.4.1 Phase to Earth
Voltages...........................................................................6612.4.2
Phase to Phase
Voltages.........................................................................6712.4.3
Terminal Live / Dead
Indication................................................................67
12.5 Averaged Data
Displays..................................................................................6812.6
Maximum Demand Data
Displays..................................................................68
13 Supply Outage Measurement
.................................................7113.1
Determination of Supply
Outage.....................................................................7113.2
Configuration and Display
...............................................................................7113.3
Resetting the Counters and
Timers................................................................7213.4
Event Record
...................................................................................................73
14 Loop
Automation.....................................................................7515
Communications Interfaces
...................................................77
15.1 V23
Interface....................................................................................................7715.2
RS232
Interface...............................................................................................7815.3
Radio/Modem
Power.......................................................................................7815.4
Connections Into Electronics
Compartment...................................................79
16 Input Output Expander (IOEX) Card
......................................8116.1 Field
Excitation.................................................................................................8116.2
IOEX as Local/Remote
User...........................................................................8116.3
IOEX Status
Page............................................................................................8116.4
Inputs................................................................................................................8216.5
Outputs.............................................................................................................8316.6
System Healthy Indicator
................................................................................8416.7
Power
Consumption........................................................................................84
17 Accessories
.............................................................................8517.1
Test and Training Set
(TTS)............................................................................8517.2
Windows Switchgear Operating System
(WSOS).........................................85
17.2.1 Electronics Compartment Computer Port (P9)
.......................................8517.2.2 Telemetry Port
(P8)...................................................................................85
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U-Series Technical Manual
17.2.3 Outline of Operation
..................................................................................8617.3
Manual Operation
Set......................................................................................8617.4
Remote Control Panel
.....................................................................................8617.5
External CVT
....................................................................................................87
18
Installation...............................................................................
8918.1 Unpacking & Checking
....................................................................................89
18.1.1 Contents of Crate
......................................................................................8918.1.2
Unpacking
Procedure................................................................................8918.1.3
Plugging and Unplugging Control
Cable..................................................9118.1.4
Testing &
Configuring................................................................................9118.1.5
Transport to Site
........................................................................................92
18.2 Site Installation
.................................................................................................9318.2.1
Tools Required
..........................................................................................9318.2.2
Parts Required (Not supplied by Nu-Lec Industries)
...............................9318.2.3 Site
Procedure...........................................................................................93
18.3 HV Connections
...............................................................................................9418.4
Surge Arrester Mounting and Terminating
.....................................................9518.5
Earthing.............................................................................................................9518.6
Protection of Radio
Equipment.....................................................................
10118.7 IOEX
Cabling.................................................................................................
10118.8 LV Auxiliary Power from
Mains.....................................................................
10218.9 LV Auxiliary Power from Dedicated Utility Transformer
.............................. 10218.10 Auxiliary Power from
Integrated Transformer............................................
10218.11 Transformer
Switching................................................................................
102
19 Maintenance
..........................................................................
10519.1 Recloser
Maintenance..................................................................................
10519.2 Control Cubicle Maintenance
.......................................................................
105
19.2.1 Control Cubicle Cleaning
.......................................................................
10519.2.2 Battery
Replacement..............................................................................
10519.2.3 Protection and Operation Check
...........................................................
10519.2.4 Door
Seal................................................................................................
105
19.3 Battery
Care...................................................................................................
10519.4 Fault
Finding..................................................................................................
106
19.4.1 Control Cable
Check..............................................................................
10619.4.2 Switchgear Check
..................................................................................
10619.4.3 Control Cubicle Check
...........................................................................
107
19.5 Replacement of Electronic Modules
............................................................
10819.6 Replacement of Cables
................................................................................
10819.7 Fitting or Replacing Heater
...........................................................................
10819.8 Abnormal Operating
Conditions...................................................................
108
19.8.1 Low Power
Mode....................................................................................
10819.8.2 Excess Close
Operations.......................................................................
108
Appendix A - IEC255 Inverse Time Protection
Tables................................ 109Appendix B - IEEE Inverse
Time Protection Tables ...................................
111Appendix C - Non-Standard Inverse Time Protection
Curves................... 113Appendix D - System Status
Pages..............................................................
123Appendix E - Protection
Pages.....................................................................
129Appendix F - Measurement Pages
...............................................................
133Appendix G - List of Events
..........................................................................
135Appendix H - Replaceable Parts &
Tools.....................................................
141Appendix I - Control Cubicle
Schematics....................................................
143Appendix J - Equipment Weights and Crate
Dimensions.......................... 153Appendix K - External CVT
Optional Accessory.........................................
155INDEX...............................................................................................................
163
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U-Series Introduction
1
1 IntroductionThe Nu-Lec Industries U-Series Automatic Circuit
Recloser is a state-of-the-art electronicallycontrolled outdoor,
pole mounted, three phase recloser. The recloser is one of the
Nu-LecIndustries family of outdoor switchgear optimised for remote
control and automation schemes.The U-Series features vacuum
interrupters enclosed in epoxy mouldings, eliminating the needfor
insulants such as oil and gas. Operation is by magnetic actuator
which does not rely on thepresence of HV supply. The mechanism is
enclosed in a stainless steel tank (Note 1).A pole mounting bracket
is supplied which makes installation quick and easy. Cables
areconnected to the recloser using parallel groove clamps or cable
lugs. Control electronics are housed in a stainless steel control
cubicle designed for harshenvironmental conditions. An all-weather
user-friendly control panel is provided for a localoperator. Remote
monitoring and control can be provided without the addition of a
remoteterminal unit (RTU).Please note:
Controller events are identified in the text by using single
quotes. Refer Section11 (page 61).
References to Operator Control Panel display pages appear as
{Display Group Page Title: Text}. Refer Section 7 (page 27).
Note 1: Production models preceding Serial No: 146700 were
constructed with galvanised mild steel tanks.
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U-Series Scope of this Technical Manual
3
2 Scope of this Technical Manual2.1 GeneralThis Technical Manual
details the specification of the switchgear, its operation,
installation andmaintenance.Whilst every care has been taken in
preparation of this manual, no responsibility is taken for lossor
damage incurred by the purchaser or user due to any error or
omission in the document.Inevitably not all details of equipment
are provided, nor are instructions for every variation
orcontingency during installation, operation or maintenance. For
additional information on specificproblems or requirements, please
contact Nu-Lec Industries or your distributor.
2.2 Equipment Versions Covered by this ManualThis manual applies
to the following equipment:
Pole Top Recloser - Model U27-12
Pole Top Control Cubicle - Model PTCC-TEM, PTCC MOD,
PTCC-TRO
External CVT (optional acc) - Model CVT EXT 27The model numbers
are shown on the equipment rating plates. If your equipment does
notcorrespond to these numbers then this manual is not applicable.
Please contact Nu-LecIndustries or your local distributor.
2.3 Controller Version Covered by this ManualThis manual applies
to CAPM4 based controllers. The CAPM is explained in Section 6
(page23). When the Operator Control Panel is turned on the display
will show the controller type. Refer Section 7 (page 27). If it
does not show CAPM4 then this manual does not apply andyou should
contact Nu-Lec Industries or your local distributor for advice on
the correct manualrequired.
2.4 Software Identification SystemThe software loaded into the
controller has two important identifiers:
The Software Version which has the form XXX-XX.XX. This
identifies the exactsoftware loaded into the program memory on the
controller.
The Configuration Number which has the form XXXXX. This
identifies theconfiguration loaded into the database that controls
what the software will do. For example whether the operator text
displays are to be in English or anotherlanguage.
Note that in order to change functionality of the equipment it
is sometimes necessary to changethe software, sometimes the
configuration and sometimes both.In order to get technical support
from Nu-Lec Industries or your distributor it is vital to note
downthe software version and the configuration number of your
equipment and to quote these whenmaking your enquiry. Without this
it is impossible for Nu-Lec Industries customer service toidentify
the software and provide correct support.The software version and
the configuration number are both shown on the Operator
ControlPanel on the {SYSTEM STATUS SWITCHGEAR WEAR/GENERAL DETAILS}
page. Referto Section 7 (page 27) to find out how to use the
Operator Control Panel.
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U-Series Scope of this Technical Manual
4
A typical example of software version and configuration would
be:
Software 024-45.00
Configuration 10087
2.5 Software Version Covered by this ManualThe electronic
controller incorporates a software based microprocessor. The
software can beconfigured for different capabilities such as
directional protection, a variety of protocols, etc. Thisis called
its Software Capability. The software version and configuration
determine thefunctionality of the controller. Refer Section 2.4
(page 3).To find out if this manual applies to the
software/configuration loaded in the controller it isnecessary to
display the Software Capability list on the Operator Control Panel
found on{SYSTEM STATUS - CAPABILITY}. Refer to Section 7 (page 27)
to find out how to use theOperator Control Panel.Having found
{SYSTEM STATUS - CAPABILITY} press select and use the arrow keys to
viewthe capability list.If the capability declarations include:
then this manual applies, if not contact Nu-Lec Industries or
your distributor. Note that themanual revision number is usually
stated e.g. R01+ which means revision 01 or later of themanual.
2.6 Related DocumentsNot detailed in this document are the
following which are covered by their own manuals:
Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) Used to configure the
recloserfrom a PC.
Test and Training Set (TTS) Used to test control cubicles.
Specific Telemetry Protocol Implementations - For communications
to remotecontrol systems.
Workshop & Field Test Procedures A set of instructions on
how to test theswitchgear.
Service Procedures A set of instructions on how to remove and
replace thecontroller electronics.
For further information on these products refer to Nu-Lec
Industries or your local distributor.
2.7 Year 2000 Compliance StatementThe CAPM4 controller complies
with Rules 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the British Standards Institute
Year2000 Conformity Requirement (DISC PD2000-1 A Definition of Year
2000 ConformityRequirements). A copy of this statement can be found
on the Nu-Lec Industries Pty Ltd web
site(http://www.nulec.com.au/).
U Recloser(International) Manual N00-502 R01+
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U-Series Specification
5
3 SpecificationThis section is the specification of the
recloser. For a complete understanding it is essential toalso read
the other sections of the manual describing the equipment
operation.Note that where timing, current, voltage or other
measurement accuracy is given it is as apercentage of value unless
otherwise stated.Appendix J (page 153) specifies the weight of the
switchgear, control cubicle and other items.
3.1 EnvironmentalOperating Temperature (Note 1) -30 to
+50COperating Humidity 0 to 100%Operating Solar Radiation 1.1kW/m
maxOperating Altitude (Note 2) 3000m maxNote 1: Temperature range
depends on control cubicle version.Note 2: Altitudes above 1,000 m
must be derated as per ANSI C37.60.
3.2 RecloserRefer Figure 26 (page 97) and Figure 28 (page 99)
for physical dimensions.
3.2.1 Basic TimingsOpening Time (Note 1) < 35msInterrupting
Time (Note 2) < 45msFault Clearing Time on Instantaneous
protection for fault > 4 x Setting Current (Note 1) <
70msTime to contact part from receipt of trip command by operator,
telemetry protocol or IOEX < 300msTime to contact touch from
receipt of close command by operator, telemetry protocol or IOEX
< 300msNote 1: The precise definition of these times is given in
ANSI C37.60.Note 2: This includes contact arcing time in circuit
breaker.
3.2.2 RatingsRated Maximum Voltage (27 kV Rating) 27kVRated
Maximum Voltage (15.5 kV Rating) 15.5kVRated Continuous Current 630
AmpRated Frequency 50/60HzRated Mainly Active (0.7pf) Breaking
Capacity 630ARated Cable Charging Interrupting Current 25ARated
Line Charging Interrupting Current 5ARated Transformer Magnetising
Interrupting Current 22ARated Symmetrical Interrupting Current
12.5kARated Asymmetrical Making Current (Peak) 32.5kARated
Symmetrical Making Current (RMS) 12.5kAShort Time Current for 3
Seconds 12.5kAShort Time Current Recovery Time 180sRated Impulse
Withstand Voltage (27 kV Rating) 125kVRated Impulse Withstand
Voltage (15.5 kV Rating) 110kVOpening/Closing Mechanism (Note 1)
Latching Magnetic ActuatorD.C. Resistance Terminal/Terminal
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U-Series Specification
6
3.2.3 Breaking DutyMechanical Operations 10,000Contact Wear 630A
10,000Contact Wear 2kA 1955Contact Wear 6kA 217Contact Wear 12kA
50Note 1: Recloser is rated for ANSI C37.60 duty cycle.Note 2:
Contact wear is automatically calculated for each interrupter by
the control cubicle on the basis of fault current
and mechanical operations. The remaining contact life is shown
on the operator control panel. Refer to Section4.7 (page 14) for
more detail.
3.2.4 Duty CycleMaximum allowable duty cycle at full short
current rating:
Open-0.5s-Close/Open-2s-Close/Open-2s-Close/Open followed by 300
second recovery time.
3.2.5 Terminal Clearance/CreepageInsulator Material Type Outdoor
Cyclo-Aliphatic Epoxy ResinPhase/Phase Centres 375mmCreepage
distance 780mmTaut String clearance phase/ground (centre mount
bracket) 295mmTaut String clearance phase/ground (end mount
bracket) 295mmTaut String clearance phase/phase 325mm
3.2.6 Current TransformersRatio 2000:1Accuracy 10 Amp - 630 Amp
1% 1AAccuracy 630 Amp - 12,500 Amp 5%
Note that there is no access to current transformer connections
on the equipment. This data issupplied for information only.
3.3 Control CubicleRefer to Figure 2 (page 18) for physical
dimensions.
Standard Control Cable Length (Note 1) 7mMaximum Vertical
Separation from Recloser with Standard Control Cable 5mMaintenance
Interval (Note 2) 5 YearsAuxiliary Supply Voltage (Low voltage AC
mains supply) As Ordered +10 -20%Required Auxiliary Supply Rating
50 VABattery 24V 6.5 AHBattery Hold Up Time from fully charged
(Note 3) 5 DaysBattery Recharge Time (new battery to 80% nominal
capacity) 10 HoursBattery Replacement Interval (Note 2) 5
YearsBattery Low Voltage (Note 4) 23VBattery High Voltage (Note 4)
32VEarthing (Note 5) 10mm Earth StudHeater Power (where fitted)
120WNote 1: Other Control Cable lengths available 4 and 11
metres.Note 2: Battery replacement interval is influenced by
location, refer Section 19.3 (page 105).Note 3: Assumes no
radio/modem power drain or IOEX card connected. At the end of the
holdup period, power is
available for a minimum of 10 recloser operations. When
exhausted the battery is disconnected.
Note 4: Temperature compensated at 48mV/C.Note 5: Earthing
details in Section 18.5 (page 95) must be strictly adhered to.
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U-Series Specification
7
3.3.1 Radio/ModemA radio or modem may be fitted by Nu-Lec
Industries or by the utility for remote communications.Space, power
and data interfaces are provided within the control cubicle.
Radio/Modem Power Supply Voltage (set by user) 5 15
VDCRadio/Modem Power Supply Continuous Current 3 ARadio/Modem Power
Supply Max Current 5 A for 30 sec with 20% duty cycleRadio/Modem
Space on Radio Panel 330 x 215 x 85mm
Radio/Modem Interface (Note 1) V23 or RS232Radio/Modem Power
Shutdown Time 1-1440minsTiming Accuracy 10sNote 1: Further details
in Section 15 (page 77).
3.3.2 Local Operator ControlsLocal Operator Control is through
the Operator Control Panel, refer to later sections.
3.3.3 Control Electronics Thermal ConstraintsContinuous Primary
Current 800AShort Time Primary Current 12.5kA for 3sShort Time
Current Recovery Time 60sRecloser Operations (Note 1) 20 in 1
minute, 1 per minute thereafterNote 1: Further details in Section
19.8 (page108).
3.4 Protection and Auto Reclose FunctionsThe control electronics
have in-built protection and auto-reclose relay functions as
below.Separate setting currents are available for phase, earth
fault and sensitive earth fault (SEF). Thesetting currents apply to
all trips in a sequence. However curves, multipliers and
otherparameters may be set separately for each trip in a
sequence.Multiple sets of protection settings are available.For a
full description of protection functions refers Section 9 (page
33).
3.4.1 Inverse Time ProtectionInverse Time Curves available refer
Appendix A,B,CPhase Setting Current Range 10 1260 AmpEarth Setting
Current Range 10 1260 AmpSetting Current Resolution 1 AmpSetting
Current Accuracy (Note 1) 5%Maximum Current for which curve applies
12.5kAMaximum Setting Current Multiple for which curve applies
x30Time Multiplier 0.05 2Time Multiplier Resolution 0.01Maximum
Time to Trip (Note 2) 2 180sMaximum Time to Trip Setting Resolution
0.1sMinimum Time to Trip (Note 2) 0 2sMinimum Time to Trip Setting
Resolution 0.01sAdditional Time to Trip (Note 3) 0 2sAdditional
Time to Trip Setting Resolution 0.01sPhase Threshold Multiplier
(Note 2) (Note 4) 1 10Resolution of Multiplier Setting 0.1Earth
Threshold Multiplier (Note 2) (Note 4) 1 10Resolution of Multiplier
Setting 0.1Timing Accuracy (Note 5) 5% 20 msNote 1: Current
accuracy applies to protection relay function only and excludes
accuracy of current transformers.Note 2: Applies to inverse time
and instantaneous protection only.
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U-Series Specification
8
Note 3: Applies to inverse time protection only.Note 4: A trip
is inhibited when the line current < setting current x threshold
multiplier.Note 5: Timing refers to time to initiate operation of
switchgear. Switchgear opening and closing times are in
addition. Refer to Section 3.2.1 (page 5).
3.4.2 Definite Time ProtectionAvailable as an alternative to
inverse time on phase and earth. Setting Current parameters areas
for inverse time protection.
Definite Time Range 0.5 100.0 secDefinite Time Resolution 0.1
secTiming Accuracy (Note 1) 50 msNote 1: Timing refers to time to
initiate operation of switchgear. Switchgear opening and closing
times are in
addition. Refer to Section 3.2.1 (page 5).
3.4.3 Instantaneous ProtectionAvailable as an additional element
on inverse time or definite time protection. Also available asan
alternative without inverse time or definite time. Instantaneous
protection can be applied toboth phase and earth protection.
Multiplier of Trip Current Setting (applies to both phase and
earth) 1 30Resolution of Multiplier Setting 0.1Maximum Effective
Setting 12.5 kATrip Current Setting Accuracy (Note 1) 10%Transient
Overreach for X/R < 10 10 28dBSEF Trips in sequence to lockout 1
4Note 1: Current accuracy applies to protection relay function only
and excludes accuracy of current transformers.Note 2: Timing refers
to time to initiate operation of switchgear. Switchgear opening and
closing times are in
addition. Refer to Section 3.2.1 (page 5).
3.4.5 Cold Load PickupThis is an additional protection feature,
which operates with inverse time and instantaneousprotection.
Cold Load Multiplier Range 1 5Cold Load Multiplier Resolution
0.1Cold Load Time Constant Range 1 480 minutesCold Load Time
Constant Resolution 1 minuteTiming Accuracy 1 minute
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U-Series Specification
9
3.4.6 Inrush RestraintThis is an additional protection feature,
which operates with inverse time and instantaneousprotection.
Inrush Restraint Multiplier Range 1 30Inrush Restraint
Multiplier Resolution 0.1Inrush Restraint Time Range 0.05 30
secInrush Restraint Time Resolution 0.05 secTiming Accuracy
20ms
3.4.7 Loss Of Phase ProtectionThis is an additional protection
feature, which operates independently of the
protectionelements.
Loss of Phase Threshold Voltage range 2 15 kVLoss of Phase
Threshold Voltage setting resolution 1 VLoss of Phase Threshold
Voltage accuracy (Note 1) 5% 250VLoss of Phase Time range 0.1 100
secLoss of Phase Time resolution 0.1 secLoss of Phase Time accuracy
50msNote 1: Includes accuracy of voltage transformers in
switchgear.
3.4.8 Live Load BlockingThis is an additional protection
feature, which operates independently of the protectionelements.
For Live Load Blocking to operate the switchgear must be installed
with the load side connectedto the (I, II, III) terminals of the
recloser, unless external CVT's are fitted.
Live Load Threshold Voltage Refer Section 3.5.1 (page 11)
3.4.9 High Current LockoutThis is an additional protection
feature, which operates in conjunction with the
protectionelements.
Maximum Effective Setting 12.5 kAMinimum Effective Setting 10
ACurrent Setting Resolution 1 AAccuracy 15%
3.4.10 Automatic Protection Group SelectionThis is an additional
protection feature.
Auto Change Time 10 180 secAuto Change Time Resolution 1 sec
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U-Series Specification
10
3.4.11 Auto-RecloseTrips in Sequence to Lockout 1 4Reclose Time
after First Trip in Sequence 0.5 180 secReclose Time after Second
and Third Trips in Sequence 2 180 secReclose Time, Timing
Resolution 0.1 secReclose Time, Timing Accuracy (Note 1) 0.1
secSingle Shot Reset Time 1 180 secSingle Shot Reset, Timing
Resolution 1 secSingle Shot Reset, Timing Accuracy 1 secSequence
Reset Time 5 180 secSequence Reset, Timing Resolution 1 secSequence
Reset, Timing Accuracy 1 secNote 1: Timing refers to time to
initiate operation of switchgear. Switchgear opening and closing
times are in
addition. Refer to Section 3.2.1 (page 5).
3.4.12 Directional BlockingSystem Phase/Earth Nominal Voltage
for correct operation 2 16kVPhase Protection Blocking:
Characteristic Angle setting range -180 +180 degCharacteristic
Angle setting resolution 1 degCharacteristic Angle accuracy 10
degTime to Determine fault direction 30 ms
Earth/SEF Protection Blocking:Characteristic Angle setting range
-180 +180 degCharacteristic Angle setting resolution 1
degCharacteristic Angle accuracy from 2 5A earth current 30
degCharacteristic Angle accuracy from 5 20A earth current 20
degCharacteristic Angle accuracy above 20A earth current 20 deg
Earth Protection Blocking Time to determine fault direction 30
msSEF Protection Blocking Time to determine fault direction 500
msMinimum Phase /Earth Polarising Voltage for Phase Blocking to
Operate 500VMinimum Residual Earth Polarising Voltage for Earth
blocking to Operate (Note 1) 20 100%Minimum Residual Earth
Polarising Voltage for SEF blocking to Operate (Note 1) 5
100%Residual Earth Voltage dynamic balance limit (Note 1)
20%Residual Earth Voltage dynamic balance rate 0.6% per
secondMinimum SEF Definite time when Directional Blocking is ON 0.5
secondsNote 1: Expressed as % of Phase/Earth Voltage
3.4.13 Other Protection FeaturesFault Reset Time (Note 1) 50
800msFault Reset Time Accuracy 20msSequence control AvailableNote
1: Applies to all protection elements.
3.4.14 Loss of Supply DetectionLive Terminal Threshold Voltage
Refer Section 3.5.1 (page 11)Loss/Restoration of Supply Timeout 0.1
100 secLoss/Restoration of Supply Timing Accuracy -0ms/+150 ms
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U-Series Specification
11
3.5 Power System Measurements3.5.1 GeneralHV line measurements
on all three phases are made as follows:
Voltage Range (True RMS Phase/Ground): 2 16kVVoltage Resolution
1 VVoltage Accuracy I terminals (Note 1) 2.5% 25VVoltage Accuracy X
terminals (Notes 1, 6) 10% 25VLive Terminal Threshold Voltage range
(Note 3) 2 15 kVLive Terminal Threshold Voltage setting resolution
(Note 3) 1 VLive Terminal Threshold Voltage accuracy (Note 1) (Note
3) 5% 250VLive Terminal Threshold Hysteresis -20%Phase Current
Range (True RMS) (Note 2) 2.5 800 AmpEarth Current Range (True RMS)
(Note 2) 1 800 AmpCurrent Resolution 1 AmpPhase Current Accuracy
(Note 1) 2.5% 2 Amp over range 10 800 AmpEarth Current Accuracy
(Note 1) 2.5% 2 Amp over range 1 800 AmpMaximum Fault Current
Measurement (Note 1) 15%Apparent Power Range (Note 4) 0 36
MVAApparent Power Resolution (Note 4) 1 kVAApparent Power Accuracy
(Note 1) (Note 4) 5% over range 20 800 AmpReal Power Range (Note 5)
-36 36 MWReal Power Accuracy (Notes 1 and 5) 5% of apparent
powerReactive Power Range (Note 4) 0 36 MVARReactive Power
Resolution (Note 4) 1 kVARReactive Power Accuracy (Note 1) (Note 4)
5% of apparent powerUnsigned Power Factor 0.5 1.0Power Factor
Resolution 0.01Power Factor Accuracy 0.05Measurement Filter Time
Constant (Step Response) 2sMeasurement Update Rate 0.5sNote 1:
Includes accuracy of switchgear current and voltage
transformers.Note 2: Measurements are zeroed for currents less than
lower value in range.Note 3: Used for Live/Dead display, Live Load
Blocking and Loss Of Supply detection.Note 4: In database for
transmission by a protocol.Note 5: Used to accumulate kWh reading
for weekly maximum demand data.Note 6: X terminal voltage
measurement is available when optional accessory External CVTs are
installed. See
Appendix K.
3.5.2 Demand HistoryAverage demand sample times 5, 15, 30, 60
minutes
The minimum storage times for the average/weekly demand are
shown in the table below.Sample period
(minutes) 5 15 30 60
Minimum storage time(Days) 26 78 156 312
3.5.3 Event HistoryMinimum number of typical events stored in
the event history 3,000 events
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U-Series Recloser Construction and Operation
13
4 Recloser Construction and OperationThe recloser, shown in
Figure 1 (page 15), uses ganged vacuum interrupters insulated
withcyclo-aliphatic epoxy resin mouldings operated by a single
magnetic actuator for both trippingand closing.The magnetic
actuator is operated by capacitors in the control cubicle which are
charged anddischarged by the electronic controller.An external
pointer, easily visible on the side of the tank, indicates the
position of the recloser.
4.1 Recloser MountingTwo kinds of mounting bracket are
available. One mounts the recloser centred on the pole whilethe
other mounts it so the pole is at one end. The brackets are
suitable for both timber andconcrete poles. These are shown at
Figure 26 (page 97) and Figure 28 (page 99) with
specificinstallation details provided at Section 18.2 (page 93).
Alternatively, the recloser can bemounted on a frame in a
substation.
4.2 Manual TripOn the underside of the tank is the manual trip
ring. When this is pulled down with a hook stickthe recloser trips.
The manual trip ring will remain in the down position until
returned to thenormal position by the operator. In the down
position the recloser is mechanically locked openand electronically
interlocked against closing.
4.3 Line Connection/TerminalsHigh voltage terminals are 20mm tin
plated copper stems with M10 x 1.5 threaded holes at theend, refer
to Figure 25 (page 95).This means that connections can be
either:
Parallel groove connectors suitable for the cable type. These
are readilyavailable in bi-metallic versions suitable for
connecting to aluminium cables.
Standard lugs with 10mm diameter holes. This is generally only
suited for cablesup to 70mm2. These are also available in
bi-metallic versions.
The upper terminals are identified as the X-Side terminals (X,
XX, XXX for the three phases) andthe lower terminals are identified
as the I-Side terminals (I, II, III for the three phases).
TheTerminal Markers are clearly visible on the side of the tank as
shown at Figure 1 (page 15).
4.4 Surge ArrestersProvision of surge arresters is recommended
to protect the recloser from over-voltage.Surge arrester brackets,
which fit to the mounting bracket, can also be provided as an
optionalextra. Refer to Figure 26 (page 97).
4.5 Control Cubicle ConnectionConnection to the control cubicle
is by a control cable that plugs into the bottom of the
recloser.The control cable can be orientated to suit the
installation.Current transformers and voltage screens embedded in
the epoxy resin mouldings send signalsto the control electronics
which monitors phase current, earth current and
phase/groundvoltages. The voltage screens are embedded in the I, II
and III side mouldings, refer to Figure 1 (page 15). If the control
cable is disconnected (at either end) the CTs and voltage screens
areautomatically shorted by circuitry on the SCEM card inside the
recloser.
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U-Series Recloser Construction and Operation
14
4.6 Recloser MemoryThe recloser incorporates an electronic
memory which is used to record information for that unit.This
information includes the following which is available on the
operator display
Serial Number
Breaking Rating
Continuous Current Rating
Number of Mechanical Operations (incremented on close)
Rated Voltage
Contact Life Remaining (by phase)
4.7 Contact LifeThe vacuum interrupters in the recloser have the
duty rating given in Section 3.2 (page 5). Thecontrol electronics
measures the interrupted current every time the contacts open.This
measured current is used to calculate the amount of contact wear
each interrupter hassuffered and the contact life remaining is
reduced accordingly.The remaining contact life is held in the
switchgear memory and can be displayed on theOperator Control
Panel.If remaining life reaches zero on any phase the recloser
should be returned to Nu-Lec Industriesfor refurbishment.Note that
since the actual breaking current is measured and since most faults
are considerablylower than the maximum line fault current, a much
longer service life is to be expected from thismethod of monitoring
wear compared to a simple operations count method.
4.8 Line Voltage SensingThe standard U Series ACR senses line
voltage on the I terminals.In normal closed operation this enables
voltage measurement, power measurement, directionalblocking and so
on.Some automation systems may require voltage sensing on both
sides of the ACR when it isopen. To satisfy this requirement,
optional Capacitive Voltage Transformers (CVT) may beinstalled to
provide voltage sensing on the X terminals of the ACR.A
comprehensive explanation of the CVT is given in Appendix K.
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U-Series Recloser Construction and Operation
15
Figure 1: Recloser Features
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U-Series Control Cubicle
17
5 Control CubicleThe control cubicle is purpose designed for
outdoor pole mounted operation. The cubiclefeatures a hinged hatch
for all weather access by operations staff and a door for access
bymaintenance staff. Both the door and the hatch can be padlocked
for security. Figure 2 (page18) shows the cubicles dimensions.
5.1 Tropical, Moderate and Temperate VersionsTropical, moderate
and temperate climate versions of the control cubicle are
available.
The tropical version is well ventilated and is suitable for
climates where theambient temperature can reach 50C and only
occasionally goes below 0C, witha lower limit of -10C.
The moderate version has reduced ventilation and is used in
environments wherethe temperature rarely goes above 40C and
occasionally goes below -5C with alower limit of -15C.
The temperate version has reduced ventilation and a heater
fitted to theequipment panel. It is suitable to climates where the
ambient temperature rarelygoes above 40C but can fall as low as
-30C.
5.2 Equipment PanelInside the cover is an equipment panel with
the following key features, refer to Figure 3 (page 19)and Control
Cubicle Schematic 1 (page 143).
The mains compartment houses LV mains transformers (where
fitted) andcircuit breakers for batteries and auxiliary supply.
The electronics compartment houses the Control and Protection
Module(CAPM) and the Operator Panel Sub-System (OPS). This
compartment issealed to protect the electronics from airborne
pollution.
The battery compartment houses two 12 Volt batteries. The radio
mounting tray is used to mount the communications radio, modem
or
IOEX card (where fitted), refer Section 16 (page 81). This
hinges downward toexpose the radio/modem and can be detached to
allow workshop fitting of theradio/modem.
The Control Cable Entry Module provides termination and
filtering for thecontrol cable, housed behind a removable panel.
The incoming control cableconnects to P1 of the CCEM, the internal
wiring loom N03-505 connects to P2 ofthe CCEM.
A Heater compartment for the control cubicle heater can be
fitted.Running up the centre of the equipment panel is a rubber
cable duct used to carry the internalwiring. The equipment panel
can be removed by disconnecting external connections andunbolting.
The equipment panel is arranged so the most heat sensitive
components, the batteries, arelocated low down close to the air
entry. In tropical situations this ensures the batteries staywithin
a few degrees of ambient at all times thus maximising their life.
Additionally, the partwhich generates the most heat, the mains
power supply (where fitted), is located at the top of thecubicle
where its heating effect on other parts is minimised.
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U-Series Control Cubicle
18
Figure 2: Control Cubicle
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U-Series Control Cubicle
19
Figure 3: Equipment Panel
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U-Series Control Cubicle
20
5.3 Radio Mounting Tray SpaceThe space available on the radio
tray to install customer equipment is shown below.
Figure 4: Radio Mounting Space
5.4 Sealing & CondensationAll vents are screened against
vermin entry and the door is sealed with replaceable foam tape.
Complete sealing against water entry under all conditions is not
expected, eg. during operation inthe rain with the hatch open.
Instead, the design is such that if any water does enter, it will
runout of the bottom without affecting the electrical or electronic
parts. The well-vented and self-heating nature of the cubicle
ensures moisture will dry out rapidly. The extensive use of
stainlesssteel and other corrosion proof materials ensures the
presence of moisture has no detrimentaleffects.Condensation can be
expected to form under some atmospheric conditions such as
tropicalstorms. However due to the insulated and well-vented
design, any condensation will be on metalsurfaces where it is of no
consequence. The water drains in the same way as any other
waterentering the cubicle. Condensation will drain from the bottom
and the interior will be dried byventilation and self heating.The
Electronics Compartment, which houses the main electronic modules,
is well sealed and isonly opened for electronic module
replacement.
5.5 Mounting & EarthingThe control cubicle is mounted on the
pole with bolts or strapping and is connected to therecloser by the
detachable control cable. The control cubicle must be earthed to
therecloser earthing scheme as detailed at Section 18.5 (page
95).
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U-Series Control Cubicle
21
5.6 Auxiliary Power SourceThe auxiliary supply is used to
maintain charge on the sealed lead-acid batteries that
providestandby power when auxiliary power is lost. The controller
monitors the status of both theauxiliary and battery supplies.A low
power mode is activated when the batteries are nearly exhausted due
to loss of theauxiliary supply. This mode minimises power
consumption while still maintaining basicfunctionality. Refer to
Section 19.8 (page 108) for more information.Auxiliary power comes
from one of two sources:
LV supplies provided by the utility. This connects into the
control cubicle and iscalled an LV Supply. In this case the control
cubicle is fitted with a suitabletransformer and its nameplate
indicates the required auxiliary supply voltage.
HV line supply to a Voltage Transformer (VT) fitted outside the
recloser tank. This external VT is connected into the recloser and
is also called an IntegratedHV Supply. In this case the rating
plate on the transformer indicates its voltagerating. Note that the
VT is designed only for the Nu-Lec Industries control cubicleand
cannot provide power for any other purpose.
Section 18.8 (page 102) gives details of auxiliary supply
connection and earthing.
5.7 Auxiliary Supply Control Cubicle OptionsThe control cubicle
can be manufactured in a number of different auxiliary supply
configurationssuch as:
Single Aux Supply from LV;
Single Aux Supply from HV;
Dual Aux Supplies from LV; or
Dual Aux Supplies, one LV, one HV.The configuration is indicated
on the control cubicle nameplate as:
AUX SUPPLY 240VAC (or other voltage) for LV supply;or AUX SUPPLY
INTEGRATED for integrated HV supply.
The Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB), located at the top of the
control cubicle in the mainscompartment, protect the battery
(centre MCB) and the auxiliary supplies.When equipped for
Integrated HV Supply the Aux MCB should always be closed
duringoperation or testing even if the auxiliary supply transformer
is not energised. This ensurescorrect operation of the memory in
the switchgear.For a single LV supply an AUX OUT socket can be
factory fitted as an option to provide a poweroutlet in the control
cubicle. This is shown in Figure 3 (page 19).For dual supplies two
AUX supply MCBs are fitted, one for each supply.
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U-Series Control Cubicle
22
5.8 Cable EntryAll cables enter the control cubicle from the
underside as shown in Figure 3 (page 19). Cableentries are provided
for:
The control cable from the recloser that plugs into connector P1
at the bottom ofthe battery compartment.
One or two LV mains supplies (where fitted) which run behind the
equipmentpanel. The two 20mm holes provided for cable entry can
also be used forexternal I/O entry if required.
Communication Cable/Radio Antenna (where fitted), a 16mm hole is
provided forcable entry.
5.9 Current Injection PointA six way connector called the
"Current Injection Point" is located on the mains compartment.This
is used with the Test and Training Set (TTS) to perform secondary
injection while theswitchgear is connected. This allows injection
of equipment in service without disconnection.
5.10 Computer PortA 25 way female D-type connector is located on
the electronics compartment cover above theOperator Control Panel.
This connects to an RS232 port on the electronic controller for use
withthe Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) on a portable
computer. This port is alsoused to upgrade electronic controller
operating software, including installation of new
telemetryprotocols.
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U-Series Control Electronics Operation
23
6 Control Electronics OperationThe control system block diagram
is shown in Figure 5 (page 25). The main features areexplained
below.
6.1 Control & Protection Module (CAPM)The main module of
control electronics is the Control and Protection Module (CAPM).
Therecloser accompanying this manual uses Module Version 4, known
as CAPM4. It is centredaround a microprocessor and carries out the
following functions:
High speed sampling of the line Current Transformers (CTs),
calculation of RMSphase current and earth spill current.
High speed sampling of the line Capacitive Voltage Transformers
(CVTs),calculation of RMS phase/ground voltages.
Calculation of apparent, real and reactive power flows from the
above.
Protection relay functions.
Auto-reclose relay functions.
Monitoring of recloser auxiliary switches.
Charging of the close and trip capacitors.
Discharging the close and trip capacitors into the magnetic
actuator to operatethe recloser, either automatically or by local
or remote operator command.
Charging of the battery from the auxiliary supply, changeover to
battery on loss ofauxiliary supply and disconnection when the
battery is exhausted.
Driving the Operator Panel Sub-system (OPS).
Driving the external communications interface to allow
monitoring and controlfrom a remote computer or operator over a
communications link.
Driving the Windows Switchgear Operating System (WSOS) over an
RS232 link.The connector for this link is located on the
electronics compartment above theoperator control panel.
The CAPM is a replaceable unit.
6.2 Operator Panel Subsystem (OPS)This comprises the electronics
compartment cover, an operator control panel with LCD display,
amembrane keyboard and its controlling microcomputer. The Operator
Panel Subsystem is a replaceable unit.
6.3 Control Cable Entry Module (CCEM)This is located at the
bottom of the battery compartment and provides termination and
filtering forthe signals from the recloser. The CCEM is a
replaceable unit.
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U-Series Control Electronics Operation
24
6.4 Description of OperationThe CAPM utilises a Motorola 68332
microprocessor, with 2Mbytes of non-volatile "Flash"EEPROM and
1Mbyte of volatile read/write static memory. The non-volatile
memory is used tohold programs, configuration parameters and
historical data. The volatile memory is used as runtime workspace.
There are no user-adjustable hardware features on the CAPM, no
links, no DILswitches and no variable resistors. Re-programming of
the microprocessor can be carried outusing a built-in loader from a
portable computer.On power-up, or when the switchgear is connected,
the CAPM reads the data from the memoryinside the recloser. The
memory data in the recloser includes error check codes enabling
theCAPM to validate the data. The status of the data is then
displayed on the operator panel. When a local operator presses
buttons on the control panel a character is sent from theOperator
Panel Subsystem to the CAPM, which then carries out the required
command.The recloser operates when the CAPM discharges its trip or
close capacitors into the recloseractuator. The CAPM continually
monitors the capacitors and will only discharge them into
therecloser solenoids if the charge is sufficient for correct
recloser operation. In addition, the CAPMwill only close the
recloser if there is sufficient charge in the trip capacitor to
trip the recloser. Thisensures the recloser will always be ready to
trip if closed onto a fault. If a trip or close requestoccurs when
there is insufficient charge in the capacitors, it is discarded
(this never happens innormal operation).If the isolate switches on
the operator panel are in the isolate position or the switchgear
isdisconnected or the recloser memory data cannot be read or is
invalid, the CAPM will notattempt to operate the recloser and any
control requests will be discarded. Refer Section 7.4(page
28).Current transformers and voltage screens in the recloser are
monitored to provide the protectionand measurement functions.The
switchgear, electronics and power supplies are monitored for
correct operation. This data isused to generate a system healthy
signal which is available either for transmission by atelemetry
protocol or as an output on the optional IOEX (Input/Output
Expander) module. Thiscan be used for remotely monitoring the
health of the recloser.
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U-Series Control Electronics Operation
25
Figure 5: Control System Block Diagram
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U-Series Operator Control Panel
27
7 Operator Control PanelThe Operator Control Panel is mounted in
the control cubicle. It consists of a four-line LiquidCrystal
Display and keyboard with switches, keys and LEDs. The keyboard is
used to select andmonitor the functionality of the recloser. The
control panel is simple and intuitive to use.
Figure 6: Operator Control Panel
7.1 Turning on the Control PanelThe PANEL ON/OFF key turns the
panel on and off. When off, the display is blank and none ofthe
keys work. The panel will turn itself off if no keys are pressed
for ten minutes.When activated the control panel shows a start-up
message for 5 seconds and then shows the{SYSTEM STATUS OPERATOR
SETTINGS} display. However, if the time and date has notbeen set
since the last restart then the operator must set it using the
SELECT, and MENUkeys before other displays can be selected.
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U-Series Operator Control Panel
28
7.2 Organisation of Liquid Crystal DisplayThe four-line liquid
crystal display is usually organised as follows:
---------------- Page Title ----------------Data Field 1 Data
Field 2Data Field 3 Data Field 4Data Field 5 Data Field 6
The six data fields are used differently on each display page.
Display pages with this format areshown in Appendix D (page
123).Some special display pages are different. These are shown in
the relevant sections in thismanual, Appendix E (page 129) and
Appendix F (page 133).
7.3 Microprocessor Running LEDThe green MICROPROCESSOR RUNNING
LED flashes at two (2) second intervals to indicatethe control
electronics are running normally. If the flashing stops or becomes
intermittent itindicates a fault condition (e.g. loss of power).
The LED flashes at all times, even when theoperator panel is turned
off.
7.4 TRIP/CLOSE Keys, ENABLE/ISOLATE SwitchesThe TRIP and CLOSE
keys generate trip and close requests to the CAPM when the panel
isactive. If the adjacent ENABLE/ISOLATE switch is in the ISOLATE
position no requests will begenerated.When the switches are in the
ISOLATE position the close and trip coils in the magnetic
actuatorare disconnected from the control electronics. Thus the
ENABLE/ISOLATE switchesconstitute physical isolation points for the
control circuitry.Embedded in the TRIP/CLOSE keys are LED's that
indicate the position of the recloser, red forclosed, green for
open.
7.5 Display GroupsMany different displays are available. They
are divided into four groups:
SYSTEM STATUS - has all the status information about the
recloser and controlelectronics e.g. battery low, operations count,
SEF enabled/disabled. Informationon this display group is given in
Appendix D (page 123). All System Statusdisplays have a S in the
top right corner.
EVENT LOG - shows the event record for the recloser. More
information is givenin Section 11 (page 61) and in Appendix G (page
135).
MEASUREMENT - has all the information about the HV line
measurementsmade e.g. line current, line voltages, maximum demand
data. Refer to Section12 (page 65) and Appendix F (page 133). All
Measurement displays have a Min the top right corner.
PROTECTION - has all the protection settings currently in use
e.g. Trip CurrentSettings, curves, reclose times. More information
is given in Section 9 (page 33)and Appendix E (page 129). All
Protection displays have a P in the top rightcorner.
Within each group are multiple pages each showing different
data.
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U-Series Operator Control Panel
29
7.6 Selecting DisplaysThe MENU key selects the display group.
The keys select further pages within the groupas shown in Figure
7.Therefore, to select a particular display page:
Press the MENU key to get the group on display. Press to get the
page or sub-group required.
Press SELECT to get to the sub-page required, where
necessary.
Figure 7: Display Page Organisation
7.7 Changing SettingsSettings can be changed in two ways:
The Quick Keys allow rapid changing of operator settings on the
{SYSTEMSTATUS OPERATOR SETTINGS} page. Quick keys are located on
the lowerright hand side of the panel.
The SELECT, , and MENU keys can be used to change all
settings.
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U-Series Operator Control Panel
30
7.7.1 Use of Quick KeysQuick Keys are a way to quickly change
the settings commonly used by an operator or linesman.The following
Quick Keys are available:
Quick Key Operator Setting ControlledLocal Remote Local Mode /
Remote ModeEarth Prot SEF ON/OFF, Earth Fault ON / OFFAuto On/Off
Auto Reclose ON/OFFCold Load Cold Load Pickup IDLE/ NO CHANGE/
MAX
These settings are all located on the {SYSTEM STATUS OPERATOR
SETTINGS} pageused by the operator, refer to Appendix D (page
123).Some of these options may not be available to the operator if
they have been disabled on the{SYSTEM STATUS OPTIONS} page.A Quick
Key may be pressed at any time and has the effect of displaying the
{SYSTEMSTATUS OPERATOR SETTINGS} page, with the selected field
flashing.Subsequent entries of the selected Quick Key will cycle
the flashing field through the optionsavailable and back to the
display page previously selected.Pressing the ENTER key puts the
newly selected setting into service.When a quick key is in use, the
and SELECT keys are disabled and the HELP key bringsup a special
message.
7.7.2 Use of SELECT , and MENU KeysOnly a few of the settings
may be changed by use of the quick keys. However, all settings
canbe changed by the following procedure:
Find the page on which the setting is shown (Press MENU). Press
SELECT until the required setting starts to flash. Press keys to
change the setting to the new value required. Press MENU to put the
new setting into service.
7.8 Password ProtectionSome settings require passwords to be
entered before they can be changed, refer to AppendixD (page
123).If a password protected field is selected for change the user
is prompted for the password. Apassword (which can be up to five
characters in length) is entered in the following way:
keys are pressed until the first character of the password is
displayed. SELECT key is pressed. This sequence is repeated until
the required number of characters has been
entered.Once this is done the password does not need to be
entered again while the operator panel ison. When the operator
panel turns off, however, the password will need to be re-entered
forfurther setting changes.The password is factory set to , but can
be changed by the user with the WindowsSwitchgear Operator System
(WSOS) utility. The factory password does not have to beremembered,
the controller prompts the operator for it automatically.
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U-Series Work Tags and Controller Mode
31
8 Work Tags and Controller ModeAn important feature of the
controller is that it is always in one of two modes, Local or
Remote,and can have a Work Tag applied by Local or Remote
operators.The mode and the tag specify the circumstances under
which the recloser can be closed toensure operational safety.
8.1 Local/Remote ModeThe Local/Remote selection is carried out
on the {SYSTEM STATUS OPERATORSETTINGS} page. There is a quick key
on the panel to make this fast and easy. Setting thismode ensures
closing and tagging can only be carried out by the designated local
or remoteusers. It is the equivalent of a Local/Remote switch on
the front panel. Local/Remote does notaffect automatic closing.
Most importantly the Local/Remote mode can only be set from the
OperatorControl Panel.
8.1.1 Local ModeIn this mode only a local user can manually
close the recloser (the recloser can still closeautomatically with
the auto-reclose function).This means a user can go to the control
cubicle, set local control mode and know that remoteclosing is
disabled.Only a local operator can apply/remove the Work Tag when
the controller is in Local Mode.
8.1.2 Remote ModeIn this mode only a remote user can manually
close the recloser (the recloser can still closeautomatically with
the Auto-Reclose function).Only a remote operator can apply/remove
the Work Tag when the controller is in Remote Mode.If the local
operator is denied a close operation or a Work Tag due to being in
Remote Modethen the operator panel will flash the message, Not
Allowed Change to Local Control and/orremove Work Tag.
8.2 Work TaggingThe Work Tag is different. Application of the
Work Tag ensures that no closing can take place atall, either by a
local operator, a remote operator or automatically. Once applied,
neither a localuser, remote user or the Auto-Reclose function can
close the recloser.Applying a Work Tag activates the Single Shot
Mode. This means a protection trip will alwaysgo to lockout when
the Work Tag is set. Applying and removing tags is password
protected.Work Tags are applied and removed from {SYSTEM STATUS
SWITCHGEAR STATUS:Work Tag OFF}. When applied the operator panel
flashes the message, Warning Work TagApplied on the title line.Note
that only a local user can apply/remove the tag when the controller
is in Local Mode andonly a remote user can apply/remove the tag
when the controller is in Remote Mode. Thismeans that a local user
can remove the Work Tag applied by a remote user but they must
firstput the controller into Local Mode.If the local operator is
denied a close operation due to the Work Tag being applied the
operatorpanel will flash the message, Not Allowed Change to Local
Control and/or remove WorkTag.
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8.3 Definition of Local or Remote UserThere are three kinds of
local user:
The Operator Control Panel.
An IOEX card designated as Local. This might apply, for example,
to an IOEXcard used in a substation to provide control from a panel
inside a building.
A Windows SOS (WSOS) computer plugged into the computer port on
the frontof the user control panel, refer Section 17.2 (page
85).
There are two kinds of remote user: An IOEX card designated as
Remote. This might apply, for example to an
IOEX card used to interface to a SCADA system remote terminal
unit. ReferSection 16 (page 81).
A remote control protocol. These are almost always designated as
remote users.Full information is given in the relevant protocol
manual.
An IOEX is designated Local or Remote from the Operator Control
Panel. Refer Section 16(page 81) and Appendix D (page 123), {SYSTEM
STATUS IOEX Status}
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9 Protection9.1 OverviewThe controller has many different
protection features described in this section. In summary
itoperates as follows:
When there is a line fault the recloser is tripped. The
Protection Elements arePhase, Earth, SEF and Instantaneous. Each
individual element can beprogrammed to cause the trip depending on
the relevant setting. There are avariety of ways to prevent
nuisance tripping.
After a protection trip there will be a delay and then a
reclose.
This trip/close sequence can be repeated a number of times with
protectionelements programmed to change between each trip in the
sequence.
If the fault cannot be cleared the controller goes to lockout
and waits for anoperator to initiate the next close. There are a
variety of ways the controller canbe made to go to lockout without
completing the entire reclose sequence.
The controller stores up to ten groups of protection settings
that can be selectedby the operator. These are referred to as
Protection Groups A to J. Onceprogrammed, the protection settings
rarely change.
In addition to the protection settings there are Operator
Settings. This group ofsettings is independent of the protection
settings and it changes the mainfunctionality of the recloser.
9.2 Multiple Groups of Protection SettingsThe controller
supports up to ten completely independent Protection Groups. A
ProtectionGroup is a group of settings, which changes the
protection functionality of the recloser. Thesegroups are referred
to as Protection Groups A to J.The operator selects either Group A,
B, C, or J to be Active from {SYSTEM STATUS OPERATOR SETTINGS: Prot
A J Active}.Whenever a new Protection Group is activated or a
protection trip occurs, an event iswritten to the Event Log
indicating which protection Group is now in operation. The
eventlogged is for example Prot Group A Active; Prot Group F
Active; etc.All the protection parameters are programmed and stored
independently for each of the groups.For example, if the Sequence
Reset Time is required to be 20 seconds in both A and B groups,then
it must be explicitly set to 20 seconds in both groups of
protection settings.Protection settings are usually set once by the
protection engineer and are not altered duringnormal operation of
the equipment.
9.3 Operator SettingsOperator Settings are different from
Protection Settings. These may be used by an operator orlinesman,
on an everyday basis, to set the controller into the required mode.
For example, alinesman may want to disable Auto-Reclose and
Sensitive Earth Fault prior to live line work.The Operator Settings
are all found on the {SYSTEM STATUS OPERATOR SETTINGS}page. These
are:
Local/Remote Control selection;
Earth Fault and Sensitive Earth Fault (SEF) protection ON/OFF
selection;
Auto-Reclose ON/OFF;
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Operational Cold Load Time and Multiplier, refer Section 9.19
(page 47); and
Selection of the Active Protection Group or Protection OFF.These
operator settings are not affected by changing the Active
Protection Group. For example;if Auto-Reclose is in force before
the Active Group is changed from A to B then Auto-Reclose willalso
be in force after the change.Note that the Earth Fault, Sensitive
Earth Fault and Protection OFF settings may be unavailableto the
operator if they have been disabled on the {SYSTEM STATUS OPTIONS}
page.
9.4 Protection OFFThe selection of {SYSTEM STATUS OPERATOR
SETTINGS: Protection OFF} inhibits allprotection pickups and
deactivates all overcurrent protection as well as Loss of Phase
Protectionso that it will only perform local/remote user trips and
closes. Note that Live Load Blocking stilloperates even if
Protection OFF is selected.A Protection OFF event is generated
whenever the protection is turned off.It is possible to configure
the controller so the Protection Off state cannot be reached. This
isset using the {SYSTEM STATUS OPTIONS 1: Prot OFF Not Allowed}
setting. In this casethe operator cannot select the Protection OFF
state, only the active protection groups.Selecting {SYSTEM STATUS
OPTIONS 1: Prot OFF Not Allowed} also has the effect ofturning on
the protection if it is not already on.
9.5 Sensitive Earth Fault ControlSensitive Earth Fault (SEF)
protection can be made either available or not available with
the{SYSTEM STATUS PROTECTION SETTINGS 1: SEF Available/Not
Available} setting.When not available, SEF is turned off and there
are no facilities for the operator to turn it on.
9.6 Earth Fault ControlIt is also possible to disable control
over Earth Fault protection with the {SYSTEM STATUS OPTIONS 1: E/F
OFF Allowed/Not Allowed} setting. When Earth Fault OFF is set to
NotAllowed, operator control of Earth Fault protection is disabled
(and Earth Fault protection ispermanently ON). This can be used in
conjunction with the SEF Available setting to restrictoperator
control to SEF only.
9.7 Changing Protection SettingsAll protection parameters and
operator settings are held in non-volatile memory on the CAPM.This
ensures they are retained through power interruptions. However, if
a different CAPM isinstalled in a control cubicle, or if the
control cubicle is replaced, then the protection parametersneed to
be re-programmed into the CAPM. This is carried out either through
the operator panelor through Windows Switchgear Operator System
(WSOS).The ten groups of protection settings are programmed on the
protection pages. Passwordsare required to make changes.When
programming protection settings the technician first selects which
protection group ofparameters to display on {PROTECTION SETTING 1
(A J): Group A J Displayed}. Thisgroup can then be changed.
Selecting a protection group to be displayed does not make
itactive, that is done by the operator in the {SYSTEM STATUS
OPERATOR SETTINGS: ProtA J Active} field.Because one protection
group can be active and another protection group can be displayed
(inthe protection pages), care must be taken or confusion will
result. However, the title line of thedisplay always shows which
protection group is currently being displayed by showing an A, Bor
J suffix, such as {PROTECTION SETTING 3 E}.
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The operator can change either the active group or the inactive
group. When changes are madeto the active group they do not go into
service immediately. Instead the changes are saved intothe internal
database in the controller and go into service when:
The operator moves off the protection group of pages,
The operator turns off the control panel,
The control panel turns itself off after the timeout period,
or
The controller is powered off and on again.This allows the
operator to edit the active group and then put the new settings
into service as awhole. The operator is informed when the changes
are going into service.When the active group is being edited, the
page title flashes to indicate the settings being workedon are
different to the ones in service.Changes can also be made by remote
operators using WSOS or SCADA systems. If a WSOSoperator changes
settings, the local operator will see the page title flash to
indicate changes arepending. When any user puts their changes into
service all pending changes, including thosemade by other users, go
into service.
9.8 Overcurrent ProtectionThe Control And Protection Module
(CAPM) continually samples the current flowing in thesecondaries of
the current transformers. These samples are digitally processed by
the CAPM tomonitor line current for the purposes of overcurrent
protection. The phase currents are summeddigitally to give the
earth current for the purpose of earth fault protection. Digital
filteringalgorithms are applied to line currents to minimise
transient overreach.The three current transformer currents are also
summed as analogue signals to give the earth(or spill) current.
These are sampled and digitally processed for the purposes of
sensitive earthfault protection (SEF). A low pass filter on the
spill current reduces sensitivity to harmonicsabove 60 Hz, reducing
SEF sensitivity to transformer in-rush and other harmonic
interference.If any of these signals (phase, earth or SEF) exceed
the relevant Setting Current (phase, earth orSEF) then the relay
Picks Up. Definite Time, Inverse Time and Instantaneous Protection
are used to trip the recloser afterpickup:
Definite Time is a protection function that can be set by the
user and it causes atrip at a fixed time after pickup. In the case
of Definite Time the timing sequencestarts immediately after
pickup.
Inverse time is a protection function in which the curve has an
inverse timecharacteristic. Refer Section 9.9 (page 36).
Instantaneous Protection is an additional trip element that will
trip the recloser ifthe line current exceeds the Instantaneous
Multiplier by the setting current.
In the case of Inverse Time and Instantaneous Protection the
timing sequence initiates when thesignal exceeds the Threshold
Current. The Threshold Current is calculated from the
settingcurrent and Threshold Multiplier. Refer Section 9.9.2 (page
39). If the current falls below 90% ofthe setting current for
longer than the Fault Reset Time then that particular
protectionelements timing sequence is cancelled and re-initialised.
When all the protection elements havereset the peak currents on the
faulted elements are logged.The setting currents are set once for
all trips in a sequence but other protection parameters(eg. inverse
curve type, multipliers and Reclose times) are set separately for
each trip in areclose sequence. This allows, for example,
Instantaneous Protection on the first trip in asequence and inverse
time protection on subsequent trips in the sequence.
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To do this, two separate protection setting pages for each trip
in a sequence are provided. Onepage applies to phase protection and
the other to earth protection. These pages are shown inAppendix E
(page 129).The operation of the different protection types is
detailed below.
9.9 Inverse Time ProtectionA variety of inverse time curves are
available which cause the recloser to trip faster as the
currentrises higher. They are available on phase and earth with
separate setting currents.Inverse time curves are implemented in
software in the following way. The line current ismonitored after
pickup. When it rises above the Threshold Current, the Time To Trip
iscalculated and the timing starts. This calculation is repeated
every few milliseconds in responseto changing line currents. When
the remaining Time To Trip reaches zero, the trip request isissued.
If the current falls below the Threshold Current the timing stops
but the protectiondoes not reset. This means the relay will never
trip at currents below the Threshold Currentunder inverse time
protection.The parameters that control inverse time protection
are:
Time Multiplier.
Additional Time.
Instantaneous Trip Element.
Minimum Time.
Maximum Time.
Threshold Multiplier.
Inverse Curve Type.
Setting Current.The Inverse Curve type is set independently for
each trip. Refer Section 9.9.1 (page 38).The Setting Current is set
for phase, earth or SEF. Refer Section 9.8 (page 35).
Time Multiplier: Set independently for each trip.Multiplies the
Time To Trip. Refer Figure 8.
Figure 8: Time multiplier, effects on theinverse curve
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Additional Time: Set independently for eachtrip, sets an
Additional Time To Trip which isadded to the inverse curve tripping
time. ReferFigure 9.
Figure 9: Additional time, effects on theinverse curve
An Instantaneous Trip element can beapplied which will trip the
recloser if thecurrent rises above a user set multiple of thephase
or earth setting currents. If theInstantaneous Multiplier is set
below theThreshold Current Multiplier then anInstantaneous Trip
will only occur after the linecurrent exceeds the Threshold
Current. ReferFigure 10.
Figure 10: Instantaneous, effects on theinverse curve
Minimum Time: Set independently for eachtrip, sets the Minimum
Time To Trip. ReferFigure 11.
Figure 11: Minimum time, effects on theinverse curve
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Maximum Time: Sets the Maximum Time ToTrip if the time exceeds
the preset limit. Refer Figure 12.
Figure 12: Maximum time, effects on theinverse curve
Threshold Multiplier: The Threshold Multiplieris used to prevent
tripping if the line current isbelow the Threshold Current. The
ThresholdCurrent is the setting current multiplied by theThreshold
Multiplier. Refer Figure 13.
Figure 13: Threshold element, effects onthe inverse curve
9.9.1 Protection CurvesIn total there are 48 inverse protection
curves stored in the controllers non-volatile memory.The selection
of curves available are defined in the following Appendices:
3 Standard IEC255 curves are defined in Appendix A- IEC255
Inverse TimeProtection Tables (page 109).
3 Standard IEEE Std C37.112 curves are defined in Appendix B-
IEEE InverseTime Protection Tables (page 111).
42 non-standard Curves are defined in Appendix C (page 113).Any
one of the 48 curves can be selected for the phase and earth
protection trips 1 to 4.Note: When instantaneous only protection
parameters are selected, Minimum Time To Trip andthe Threshold
multipliers apply but the Additional and Maximum times to trip do
not.
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9.9.2 Interactions between curve parametersThis section
describes some of the interactions that can occur between the user
selectableinverse curve parameters. In order to understand the
interactions between the curve settings it isimportant to know the
way the curves are constructed. The following sequence shows the
order in which the curve settings are applied:
Curve selected.
Time multiplier.
Additional Time.
Instantaneous element.
Maximum Time.
Threshold Current.
Minimum Time.
Figure 14 is an example of aprotection curve modified by
theinstantaneous element andmaximum, minimum times.
Figure 14: Protection curve modified by minimum,maximum times
and instantaneous element
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Figure 15 is an example of usingMaximum Time, Inst