Two digit object counter 1.1 INTRODUCTION The objective of this project is to count the object passing on the conveyor belt or the no of the person taken entry, automatically. In this modern world the machine are replacing the human labors. This is the circuit which makes the human being free from counting the no of object produced in the industry or in any other application. In short by using this circuit the human beings are made free from the tedious work of counting any no objects, as this circuit finds the application in the counting purpose. The counting purpose can be anything, either counting objects on the conveyor belt at the production level or counting the no of persons visited at the exhibition. Statisticians use special formulate to calculate the approximate number of people coming to and leaving a place at a given time. But none of these formulas can give 100% accurate and precise results. It is impossible to manually count the same. Now modern machines can do what men cannot. The circuit described here is meant to do just this very thing. The circuit can count up to almost ten thousand persons entering or leaving a place or can be use to count the number of articles passing on a conveyor belt (in a factory) etc. The circuit has unlimited application Institute of Technology, NU 1
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Two digit object counter
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The objective of this project is to count the object passing on the conveyor
belt or the no of the person taken entry, automatically. In this modern world the machine
are replacing the human labors. This is the circuit which makes the human being free
from counting the no of object produced in the industry or in any other application. In
short by using this circuit the human beings are made free from the tedious work of
counting any no objects, as this circuit finds the application in the counting purpose. The
counting purpose can be anything, either counting objects on the conveyor belt at the
production level or counting the no of persons visited at the exhibition.
Statisticians use special formulate to calculate the approximate number of
people coming to and leaving a place at a given time. But none of these formulas can
give 100% accurate and precise results. It is impossible to manually count the same.
Now modern machines can do what men cannot.
The circuit described here is meant to do just this very thing. The circuit
can count up to almost ten thousand persons entering or leaving a place or can be use to
count the number of articles passing on a conveyor belt (in a factory) etc. The circuit has
unlimited application in almost all fields of industrialization. The counting capability
can be increased to any numbers as per application. The complete circuit is based on
popular timer IC 555 and CMOS IC 4033 and high quality LDR.
Institute of Technology, NU 1
Two digit object counter
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Institute of Technology, NU 2
Two digit object counter
2.1 CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Institute of Technology, NU 3
Two digit object counter
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE CIRCUIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram of the two digit object counter is shown in figure. The
block diagram consists of the following section.
LDR Receiver
555 Monostable Multivibrator
Decade Counter 1
Decade Counter2
Seven Segment LED Display 1
Seven Segment LED Display 2
2.2.1 LDR Receiver:
A photo resistor or light dependent resistor or cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell
is a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It can
also be referenced as a photoconductor. A photo resistor is made of a high resistance
semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons
absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the
conduction band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity,
thereby lowering resistance.
In this circuit the LDR is also used as an optical sensor. Whenever the
object passes in between the LDR and the source of light, the light is interrupted due to
presence of the object. This interruption of the light blocks the current to flow through it
as the resistance of the LDR increases suddenly. This will make the pin no 2 of 555 IC