TUGAS AKHIR TINGKAT CACAT PRODUK DANDANG ALUMINIUMrepository.untag-sby.ac.id/5647/1/M Adi Prasetyo... · 2020. 9. 11. · TUGAS AKHIR PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN TINGKAT

TUGAS AKHIR

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN

TINGKAT CACAT PRODUK DANDANG ALUMINIUM

3KG DI UD. MARCHABAN

Disusun Oleh :

Muhammad Adi Prasetyo

NBI :1411506555

Dosen Pembimbing Utama :

I Nyoman Lokajaya, S.T., M.M.

NPP. 20410.97.0499

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS 17 AGUSTUS 1945 SURABAYA

2020

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KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alakum warahmatullahi wabarakatu…

Segala puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, berkat rahmatnya berupa kekuatan

lahir maupun batin serta jalan semangat pada penulisan sehingga dapat

menyelesaikan tahap demi tahap laporan tugas akhir yang berjudul :

“PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN TINGKAT

CACAT PRODUK DANDANG ALUMINIUM 3KG DI UD.MARCHABAN”

Laporan tugas akhir disusun guna memenuhi persyaratan kelulusan dalam

menyelesaikan S-1 Program Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas 17

Agustus 1945 Surabaya, dan juga semoga penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat

bagi pembaca. Terimakasih kepada pihak yang membantu menyelesaikan penelitian

ini, yaitu:

1. Kedua orang tua bapak Rino dan ibu Sudarmi yang senantiasa selalu

memberi perhatian semangat dukungan serta doa yang selalu di panjatkan.

2. Bapak I Nyoman Lokajaya, S.T., M.M. selaku dosen pembimbing yang

telah memberikan banyak masukan ilmu dalam bimbingan.

3. Bapak Heri Murnawan, S.T., M.T. selaku ketua program studi jurusan

Teknik Industri Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya.

4. Bapak dan ibu dosen Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Teknik Industri yang telah

meluangkan waktu untuk memberi saran yang berguna bagi penulis.

5. Mas Fahri selaku pemilik usaha UD.Marchaban yang telah memberikan izin

penelitian dan mendukung untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

6. Teman-teman UNTAG Angkatan 2015, yang telah memberi dukungan dan

motivasi.

Akhirnya dengan rendah hati penulis menyampaikan banyak terimakasih

sebesar besarnya kepada semua pihak yang telah memberi motivasi dan

dukungan penuh kepada penulis dalam pembuatan laporan ini.

Surabaya, 08 Januari 2020

Penulis

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ABSTRAK

“PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN TINGKAT

CACAT PRODUK DANDANG ALUMINIUM 3KG DI UD.MARCHABAN”

UD.Marchaban merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi peralatan dapur

khususnya dandang dengan bahan aluminium, dimana proses produksinya dimulai

dari bahan baku plat aluminium yang akan di proses hingga menjadi dandang.

Dalam menjaga kualitas produk yang baik agar sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen

maka perlu dilakukannya pengendalian kualitas produk. Untuk menjaga kualitas

produk maka diperlukan penerapan sistem pengendalian kualitas produk terkendali

atau belum terkendali serta mencari penyebab kerusakan produk cacat serta

meminimalkan kecacatan produk pada perusahaan tersebut. Dari data hasil produksi

dan jumlah kecacatan dengan standart presentase kecacatan yang ditentukan oleh

perusahaan dapat diketahui dengan adanya kecacatan rata-rata 4%-6% pada setiap

jenis kecacatan yang melebihi dari standart yang ditentukan oleh perusahaan

terhadap proses produksi pada produk dandang.

Kata Kunci: Pengendalian Kualitas, Dandang Aluminium

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ABSTRACT

“QUALITY CONTROL TO MINIMIZE THE LEVEL OF PRODUCT

DEFECTS ALUMINUM CORMORANT 3KG AT UD.MARCHABAN”

UD. Marchaban is a company that manufactures kitchen equipment, especially

cooking pot with aluminum material, where the production process starts from the

aluminum plate raw material which will be processed to become cooking pot. In

maintaining good product quality to match consumer demand, it is necessary to

control product quality. To maintain product quality, it is necessary to implement a

controlled or uncontrolled product quality control system and look for the causes of

defective product damage and minimize product defects in the company. From the

results of production and the number of disabilities with a defect percentage

standard determined by the company, it can be seen that an average disability of 4%

-6% in each type of disability exceeds the standards determined by the company for

the production process in the cormorant product.

Keywords: Quality Control, Aluminum Cooking pot

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DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL ....................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR .............................................................ii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ORIGINALITAS TUGAS AKHIR ............................. iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ..................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ v

ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. vi

ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................vii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR TABEL .....................................................................................................xii

BAB I .......................................................................................................................... 1

PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar belakang ............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian......................................................................................... 3

1.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ........................................................................... 3

1.4.1 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................. 3

1.4.2 Asumsi ................................................................................................. 3

1.5 Manfaat penelitian ................................................................................... 4

BAB II ......................................................................................................................... 5

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 5

2.1 Pengertian Pengendalian Kualitas ............................................................... 5

2.2 Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas ......................................................... 6

2.3 Definisi Pengendalian Kualitas ................................................................... 6

2.4 Tujuan Pengendalian Kualitas ..................................................................... 8

2.5 Langkah-Langkah Pengendalian Mutu ....................................................... 8

2.6 Pengendalian Kualitas Statistik ................................................................... 9

2.6.1 Definisi Kualitas Statistik .................................................................... 9

2.6.2 Pengendalian Kualitas Proses Statistik .............................................. 10

2.7 Alat Bantu dalam Pengendalian Kualitas .................................................. 10

2.7.1 Check Sheet ....................................................................................... 10

2.7.2 Diagram Scatter / Diagram Pancar .................................................... 11

2.7.3 Diagram Sebab Akibat ...................................................................... 12

2.7.4 Diagram Pareto .................................................................................. 13

2.7.5 Histogram .......................................................................................... 14

2.7.6 Peta Kendali Kontrol ......................................................................... 15

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2.7.7 Stratification ...................................................................................... 16

2.8 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................. 17

BAB III...................................................................................................................... 19

METODE PENELITIAN .......................................................................................... 19

3.1 Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................................... 19

3.1.1 Langkah-Langkah Penelitian ............................................................. 19

3.1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .......................................................................... 19

3.1.3 Studi Lapangan .................................................................................. 19

3.1.4 Studi Pustaka ..................................................................................... 19

3.1.5 Metode Pengumpulan Data ............................................................... 19

3.1.5.1 Sumber Data .................................................................................. 19

3.1.5.2 Metode yang digunakan ................................................................ 20

3.1.6 Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ........................................................... 20

3.1.6.1 Check Sheet ................................................................................... 20

3.1.6.2 Diagram Pareto .............................................................................. 20

3.1.6.3 Peta Kendali .................................................................................. 21

3.1.6.4 Diagram sebab-akibat .................................................................... 21

3.1.7 Kesimpulan........................................................................................ 21

3.2 Flowchart ................................................................................................... 22

3.3 Rencana Penelitian .................................................................................... 23

BAB IV ..................................................................................................................... 25

PENGUMPULAN DATA DAN ANALISIS ............................................................ 25

4.1 OPC ........................................................................................................... 25

4.2 Pengolahan Data ........................................................................................ 26

4.2.1 Check Sheet ....................................................................................... 26

4.2.2 Diagram Pareto .................................................................................. 27

4.2.3 Grafik Kendali P-Chart .................................................................... 29

4.2.3.1 Menghitung Total Proporsi kesalahan ........................................... 29

4.2.3.2 Menghitung proporsi kecacatan per-bulan : .................................. 30

4.2.3.3 Menghitung garis pusat central line (CL) ...................................... 31

4.2.3.4 Menghitung batas kendali atas (UCL) ........................................... 31

4.2.3.5 Menghitung batas kendali bawah (LCL) ....................................... 34

4.2.4 Pengukuran Data Variable Diameter Tutup Dandang ....................... 39

4.2.5 Diagram Sebab-akibat (Fishbone Diagram) ...................................... 43

4.2.6 Usulan Tindakan Perbaikan............................................................... 48

BAB V ....................................................................................................................... 49

KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................. 49

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................... 49

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5.2 Saran .......................................................................................................... 49

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 50

LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................. 51

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Produk Dandang ................................................................................... 2

Gambar 2.1 Check sheet ........................................................................................... 11

Gambar 2.2 Diagram Scatter .................................................................................... 12

Gambar 2.3 Diagram Sebab-akibat .......................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.4 Diagram Pareto ..................................................................................... 14

Gambar 2.5 Histogram ............................................................................................. 15

Gambar 2.6 Peta Kendali Kontrol ............................................................................ 16

Gambar 2.7 Stratification ......................................................................................... 17

Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart ........................................................................................... 22

Gambar 4.1 OPC ...................................................................................................... 25

Gambar 4.2 Hasil Diagram Pareto ........................................................................... 28

Gambar 4.3 Peta Kendali P-Chart ............................................................................ 38

Gambar 4.4 Grafik Peta Kendali Rata-rata Inspeksi Diameter Dandang ................. 42

Gambar 4.5 Grafik Peta Kendali Range Inspeksi Diameter Dandang ..................... 43

Gambar 4.6 Cacat Sobek .......................................................................................... 45

Gambar 4.7 Cacat Berlekuk ..................................................................................... 46

Gambar 4.8 Cacat Ukuran Tutup Dandang .............................................................. 47

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Tabel Produksi UD.Marchaban ................................................................ 2

Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................ 17

Tabel 3.1 Waktu Penelitian ...................................................................................... 23

Tabel 4.1 Data Check Sheet...................................................................................... 26

Tabel 4.2 Tabel Jumlah dan Presentase Cacat Dandang .......................................... 28

Tabel 4.3 Tabel Presentase Kerusakan dan Proporsi ............................................... 29

Tabel 4.3 Tabel Batas-batas Kendali ........................................................................ 38

Tabel 4.5 Data Sampel Inspeksi Diameter Tutup dandang ...................................... 39

Tabel 4.6 Daftar Nilai A2, d2, D3, D4 ..................................................................... 40

Tabel 4.7 Hasil Perhitungan Rata-rata Inspeksi Diameter Tutup Dandang ............. 41

Tabel 4.8 Hasil Perhitungan Jarak antar Inspeksi Diameter..................................... 42