Tuesday October 27 Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783- 1789.

Tuesday October 27

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789

Classwork for Tuesday October 27• 1-Quick 5-question quiz, pp. 259-265, America

Under the Confederation: The Articles of Confederation

• 2-Class PPT, pp. 259-265, America Under the Confederation: The Articles of Confederation

• 3. Map work, Western Lands, 1782-1802, p. 260. (Take your time with this. Write legibly. Finish at home, if necessary.)

Chapter 7, Founding a New Nation, 1783-1789

• A new nation emerges from the chaos of the Revolutionary War…

• The rise of the world’s newest empire…

**The United States of America**

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, America Under the Confederation: The Articles of Confederation

The first written constitution of the United States was the Articles of Confederation, drafted by Congress in 1777 and ratified by the states in 1781.

The Articles referred to the new national government as a “Perpetual Union,” and a “Firm League of Friendship.”

Under the Articles of Confederation, the thirteen states retained their: “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.”

The national government under the Articles consisted of: i-a one-house (uni-cameral) Congress in which each state (no matter the size or population) cast a single voteii-No presidentiii-No judiciaryiv-Major decisions required a “super” majority vote= 9/13

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, America Under the Confederation: The Articles of Confederation

The only powers specifically granted to the federal government in the Articles of Confederation were:-declaring war-conducting foreign affairs (diplomacy)-making treaties with other governments

The new government, under the Articles was WEAK; could not:-Raise taxes -Regulate commerce

Amending the Articles required: unanimous consent of the states.Amendments in favor of strengthening the national government all failed, from 1781-1788.

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, America Under the Confederation: The Articles of Confederation

Some accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation included:

1-establishment of national control over land to the west of the thirteen states, and rules for organized and orderly settlement.

2-Land-rich states ceded claims to western land to the national government in the interest of “national unity.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsSlpZX8DOQArticles of Confederation: APUSH Review (13m)

http://www.history.com/topics/articles-of-confederationThe Articles of Confederation

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyMap 7.1 Western Lands, 1782–1802

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, Congress and the West

However, rules for settlement of this vast area controlled by the federal government had to be created.

100,000 Indians still lived in the area.

New national government claimed that the Indians had given up their right to the land for having aided the British during the Revolutionary War.

National treaties forced on Indians secured control over vast western areas, north of the Ohio River and land in the South, formerly controlled by Indians.

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, Settlers and the West

Peace after the Revolution triggered large population movements into newly opened up western lands.

New national government feared that an unregulated flow of vulgar settlers “riff-raff” would start conflicts with Indians.

New national government decided to establish law and order and strict rules for settlements in order to attract “a better class” of settlers to the west.

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyAn engraving from The Farmer’s and Mechanic’s Almanac

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, The Land Ordinances

To that end, Congress in the 1780s developed systems whereby western lands could be: sold and settled.

Thomas Jefferson drafted the (1) Land Ordinance of 1784, which established stages of self-government for the West, in which the region was 1-divided into districts governed by Congress; and 2-later admitted to the Union as equal member states.

(2) 1785 Land Ordinance regulated land sales in regions north of the Ohio River, the “Old Northwest” and authorized the surveying of the NW Territory. The NWT was divided into townships 6 miles square, each township divided further into 36 one mile square “sections”. Each section consisted of 640 acres.

The main purpose of the sales was to raise $$ for Congress.(needed to pay of Revolutionary War debt)

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, The Land Ordinances

(3) Northwest Ordinance of 1787

1. Called for the establishment of between three and five states north of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi River.

2. Once properly established and settled, territories could be admitted to the union as full and equal states to the original thirteen. 3. Prohibited slavery in the NW Territory /the Old Northwest (land N. of the Ohio R.)

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd EditionCopyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & CompanyMap 7.2 Western Ordinances, 1785–1787

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, The Land Ordinances

https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/founding-a-nation-1783-1789-9/the-confederation-s-problems-83/land-ordinances-and-the-northwest-territory-471-8246/Land Ordinances and the Northwest Territory

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgS2Ar4QBxENorthwest Ordinances APUSH Explained

Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, The Confederation’s Weaknesses

Despite some successes, (land ordinances in particular) national government under the Articles of Confederation was seen as a failure. WHY?

National government could not pay off debt from Revolutionary War.

No ability to raise revenue to pay off debt or interest on debt. (Could not levy taxes)

American ships were barred from trade in British West Indies. Many citizens and traders went bankrupt.

States attempted to help matters on their own by imposing taxes/tariffs on goods imported from abroad; printing their own paper $$; passed laws postponing debt collection.

This is not going to end well….

Homework due Wednesday October 28

• Reading and notes, Chapter 7, Founding a Nation, 1783-1789, pp. 265-267, Shays’s Rebellion through Nationalists of the 1780s. (quick quiz tomorrow)