Совместное применение ТОС и ТРИЗ. Интересный подход. Английский язык.
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Presented By: David Bergland, Avraham Y. Goldratt InstitutePresented By: David Bergland, Avraham Y. Goldratt InstituteDate:Date: November 5, 2007November 5, 2007
Using the Theory of Constraints (TOC) to focus the Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to rapidly create new products and services that require:−
Breakthrough Inventions−
Unrefusable, Implementable Offers to the market (UROs)−
Contradiction Analysis / Conflict Resolution−
Innovative Thinking
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This should help satisfy the “Need for Speed” in the first link of the chain
A name for the Russian “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving”
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The letters T, R, I, Z form an English acronym for the Russian words Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch that means, “Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems”
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A methodical process for knowledge-based innovation originally developed by Genrich (Henry) Altshuller (1926-1998) in the USSR
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Classification of inventions was started in 1946 when he was employed in the patent department of the Soviet navy
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Proved “Inventive problems can be codified, classified, and solved methodically, just like other engineering problems.”
“ I believe that TRIZ is the reason the Soviet Union was able to stay as close to the United States as it did during the Cold War even though they had only one tenth the computing resources.” [1]
In TRIZ there are two types of contradictions: technical and physical
In TRIZ there are two types of contradictions: technical and physical
Apply 4 Separation Principles• Separation in time• Separation in space• Separation between the
parts and the whole• Separation upon conditions
Known means to address the problem exist but they require breaking one or more contradictionsNo known means exist to address the problem –we need to come up with something new. [5]
Relate to the 39 ParametersApply the 40 Inventive Principles
Step 1a: Write the Story Line of the “Plating Metal Parts” Example
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To plate metal parts with nickel they were placed in a bath of nickel salt. The bath was heated to increase the productivity of the process. However, heating reduced the stability of the salt solution and it started to decompose.
Step 3b: Formulate Directions for a Solution from the Contradiction Block
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1. Find an alternative way to heat the salt solution that lets the parts move faster but does not cause the solution to be less stable.
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2. Try to resolve the following contradiction: The salt solution should be heated to let the parts move faster, and should not be heated to avoid making the solution less stable.
Note for Jonahs: In the TOC Thinking Processes, this corresponds to examining possible negative branches of each course of action before selecting the final direction of the solution.
“The beauty of formulation is in obtaining an exhaustive set of possible directions. Ideally we would like to resolve the contradiction. However, there is no guarantee the contradiction can be resolved
given the existing resources and limitations. And even it can be resolved, we do not know in advance if this solution is going to be the best possible.
Resolving contradiction only means that we have found a way to satisfy both original conflicting requirements, but it can have new side effects (consequent contradiction) while a solution to other problem statements might not have side effects or they are negligible…”
How to Express a TRIZ Contradiction as a TOC Conflict Cloud
Technical Contradiction Physical Contradiction
In order to have A, we must have B, in order to have B, we must have DIn order to have A, we must have C, in order to have C, we must have D’D jeopardizes C D’ jeopardizes B D is in direct conflict with D’
Altshuller’s 39 engineering parameters for expressing Technical Contradictions
Weight of moving objectWeight of non-moving objectLength of moving objectLength of non-moving objectArea of moving objectArea of non-moving objectVolume of moving objectVolume of non-moving objectSpeedForceTension, pressureShapeStability of objectStrengthDurability of moving objectDurability of non-moving objectTemperatureBrightnessEnergy spent by moving object
Energy spent by non-moving objectPowerWaste of energyWaste of substanceLoss of informationWaste of timeAmount of substanceReliabilityAccuracy of measurementAccuracy of manufacturingHarmful factors acting on objectHarmful side effectsManufacturabilityConvenience of useRepairabilityAdaptabilityComplexity of deviceComplexity of controlLevel of automationProductivity
Altshuller’s 40 Inventive Principles for Conflict Resolution
SegmentationExtractionLocal conditionsAsymmetryCombiningUniversalityNestingAnti-weightPrior counter-actionPrior ActionCushion in advanceEquipotentialityInversionSpheroidalityDynamicityPartial-excessive actionShift to a new dimensionMechanical vibrationPeriodic actionContinuity of a useful action
Rushing throughConvert a harm into a benefitFeedbackMediatorSelf-serviceCopyingDisposable objectReplacement of a mechanical systemUse a pneumatic or hydraulic constructionFlexible film or thin membranesUse of porous materialChanging the colorHomogeneityRejecting and regenerating partsTransformation of physical and chemical statesPhase transitionThermal expansionUse strong oxidizersInert environmentComposite materials
Metallic surfaces are chemically coated as follows: the metallic product is placed in a pool filled with a metal salt solution (e.g. nickel, cobalt, etc.). During the ensuing reduction reaction, metal from the solution precipitates onto the product surface. The higher the temperature, the faster the process; however, the solution decomposes at high temperatures, and up to 75% of the chemicals are wasted, settling on the bottom and walls of the pool. Adding stabilizers is not effective, and conducting the process at a low temperature sharply decreases production.
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Alternatively, the product is heated to a high temperature before it is immersed in the solution, and the process itself is conducted at a low temperature. In this case, the solution is hot where it is near the product, but cold everywhere else. One way of heating the product is to apply an electric current to it during the coating process.
Idea:Most of the parts of the "coating method illustration" are directly useful. This approach breaks the physical conflict by separating opposite requirements in space.
Idea:The Prior Action and Inversion principles suggest heating the metal parts before putting them in the bath instead of heating the bath before the metal parts are put in. When this is done, the solution touching the metal parts will be hotter than the rest of the solution in the bath. As in the “coating method illustration”
this maintains the stability of the salt solution.
To plate metal parts with nickel they were placed in a bath of nickel salt. The bath was heated to increase the productivity of the process. However, heating reduced the stability of the salt solution and it started to decompose.
In the nickel plating of parts, increased temperature is necessary only in proximity to the parts. To accomplish this, the parts themselves may be heated, rather than the salt solution.
The liquid touching the parts is heated by the parts
••Advisory TOC Consultant at AGIAdvisory TOC Consultant at AGI
••AGI JonahAGI Jonah’’s Jonah certified in all of the s Jonah certified in all of the TOC application areas.TOC application areas.
••Founder and Partner of TOC Solutions, Founder and Partner of TOC Solutions, LLCLLC
••First Stanley Chair of Interdisciplinary First Stanley Chair of Interdisciplinary Engineering at Iowa State University Engineering at Iowa State University teaching TOC and TRIZ teaching TOC and TRIZ
••Head of the Executive Consulting Head of the Executive Consulting Department at AT&T Bell LaboratoriesDepartment at AT&T Bell Laboratories
••Honorable Mention as Eta Kappa Nu Honorable Mention as Eta Kappa Nu Outstanding Young Electrical EngineerOutstanding Young Electrical Engineer
••PhD in Electrical Engineering with PhD in Electrical Engineering with minors in Math and Physicsminors in Math and Physics
••Attended inAttended in--house AT&T MBA programhouse AT&T MBA program
[Color Photo of Presenter][Color Photo of Presenter]