7/10/2009 1 Mr. Cegielski Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 Covered last unit: 1. New intellectual and religious movements 2. Social reforms 3. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions. This Unit: 1. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 2. Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization—Andrew Jackson. 3. Increase in American nationalism , leading to border wars with Mexico. 4. Further westward expansion.
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7/10/2009
1
Mr. Cegielski
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860
Covered last unit:
1. New intellectual and religious movements
2. Social reforms
3. Increase in federal power Marshall Ct. decisions.
This Unit:
1. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.
2. Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization—Andrew Jackson.
3. Increase in American nationalism , leading to border wars with Mexico.
4. Further westward expansion.
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Complete this warm up:
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
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James Watt invented the
Steam Engine
Activity Challenge:
Using this diagram alone, explain how you think the steam engine worked.
Three to four sentences please!
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Steam Tractor
First Turnpike- 1790 Lancaster, PA
By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.
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Cumberland (National Road), 1811
Conestoga Covered Wagons
Conestoga Trail, 1820s
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Erie Canal System
Erie Canal, 1820s
Begun in 1817; completed in 1825
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Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
1807: The Clermont
Steam Ship
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Principal Canals in 1840
Inland Freight Rates
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Clipper Ships
ASSIGNMENTS: CANALS!
Directions: Read and complete “PERSONAL
STUDY: CANALSTHE BRIDGEWATER
CANAL” which explains how canals first
functioned in Great Britain. Then, read
“Traveling the Erie Canal, 1836” from
eyewitnesstohistory.com. Using the
knowledge you gained, sketch a diagram of
how the locks in the Erie Canal worked. If
needed, conduct some extra Internet
research for this.
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Steam leads to the development of Railways:
Economic Impact | Travel | Time and Space
The Development of the Railroad:
George Stephenson
1825
The Rocket
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Just a museum relic now….
An Early Steam Locomotive
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Later Locomotives
TheRailroad
Revolution,1850s
Immigrant laborbuilt the No. RRs.
Slave laborbuilt the So. RRs.
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ASSIGNMENT—EYEWITNESS REPORT!:
Q. Which was faster: a horse-drawn carriage at
top speed or the 1st locomotive? Read “America's
First Steam Locomotive, 1830.” Acting as an
eyewitness reporter in 1830, describe this actual
race between a train and a horse carriage in a
200-word newspaper-style article! In addition, use
the information from the reading to draw a sketch
of the race to include with your article!
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The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)
1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RRBy 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 mi.]
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Resourcefulness & Experimentation
Americans were willing to try anything.
They were first copiers, theninnovators.
1800 41 patents were approved.
1860 4,357 “ “ “
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Actually invented by a slave!
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Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts Rifle
OliverEvans
First prototype of the locomotive
First automated flour mill
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John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)
Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper: 1831
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Samuel F. B. Morse
1840 – Telegraph
Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858
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Elias Howe & Isaac Singer
1840sSewing Machine
z They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and promise.
The “American Dream”
A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed:
Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.
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Boom/Bust Cycles: 1790-1860
The blue line shows, for comparison, the price of a year’s tuition at Harvard College. In 1790 it was $24, but by 1860 had risen to $104.
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Creating a Business-Friendly Climate
Supreme Court Rulings:* Fletcher v. Peck (1810)* Dartmouth v. Woodward (1819)* McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)* Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)* Charles Rivers Bridge v. Warren
Bridge (1835)
General Incorporation Law passedin New York, 1848.
Laissez faire BUT, govt. did muchto assist capitalism!
Distribution of Wealth
v During the American Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 10% ofthe population.
v 1845 Boston top 4% owned over65% of the wealth.
v 1860 Philadelphia top 1% ownedover 50% of the wealth.
v The gap between rich and poor waswidening!
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Samuel Slater(“Father of the Factory System”)
The Lowell/Waltham System:First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814
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Lowell in 1850
Lowell Mill
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Early Textile Loom
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Life During the Industrial Rev. Video
A quiz follows this program so pay attention!
I’m testing your listening skills this time!
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New EnglandTextileCenters:
1830s
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New England Dominance in Textiles
Starting for Lowell
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Lowell Girls
What was their typical “profile?”
Lowell Boarding Houses
What was boardinghouse life like?
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Lowell Mills Time Table
Early “Union”
Newsletter
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The Factory Girl’s Garland
February 20, 1845 issue.
I’m a Factory Girl Filled with WishesI'm a factory girlEveryday filled with fearFrom breathing in the poison airWishing for windows!I'm a factory girlTired from the 13 hours of wok each dayAnd we have such low payWishing for shorten work times!I'm a factory girlNever having enough time to eatNor to rest my feetWishing for more free time!I'm a factory girlSick of all this harsh conditionsMaking me want to sign the petition!So do what I ask for because I am a factory girlAnd I'm hereby speaking for all the rest!
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Irish Immigrant Girls at Lowell
The Early Union Movement
Workingman’s Party (1829)* Founded by Robert Dale Owen and
others in New York City.
Early unions were usually local, social, and weak.
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842).
Worker political parties were ineffective until the post-Civil War period.
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ASSIGNMENT: EXPOSE AT THE
LOWELL FACTORIES!Directions: Analyze the primary source documents provided as well as
the reading “The Rules and Regulations of New England Mills” and “We
Call On You to Deliver Us From the Tyrant’s Chain”: Lowell Women
Workers Campaign for a Ten Hour Workday” and complete these
activities:
1) Identify and describe the working and living conditions of the
"Lowell Girls."
2) Imagine that you are a writer for an expose magazine.
Conduct an imaginary interview with the Lowell girls and the
factory owners. This two-page dialogue should read like a
question-answer session and include your analysis and
conclusions about what positive changes need to be made in
the Lowell factories.
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Regional Specialization
EAST Industrial
SOUTH Cotton & Slavery
WEST The Nation’s “Breadbasket”
American Population Centers in 1820
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American Population Centers in 1860
National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860
Why now?
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Know-Nothing Party:
“The Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled
Banner”
Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860
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ECONOMIC?
SOCIAL?
POLITICAL?
FUTURE
PROBLEMS?
The Democratization of
American Society:
Politics and Presidential Administrations
from 1828-1844
Mr. Cegielski
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