Translation

Translation

Every living organism is created using the same language – A, T, C, and G.

Translation

For spoken languages we have these.

The language of DNA – A, T, G, and C

• If each letter codes for one thing we are limited to 4 traits.

• If a pair of letters codes for one thing we get 4x4 = 16 combinations.

•If a trio codes for one thing we get 4x4x4 = 64 possibilities.

3 Letter Code

mRNA is read in a 3 base code.

Each three bases is called a codon.

Codon – 3 base sequence of nucleotides on RNA

What do codon’s code for?

Each 3 base sequence codes for a specific amino acid that has the complimentary base pair attached to tRNA

tRNA – transfer RNAEach tRNA molecule has

an amino acid attached to it.

Anticodon – the three complimentary bases on the tRNA.

Amino Acids

Amino Acids are the “building blocks” that are used to create peptide chains.

There are 20 amino acids that are coded for by mRNA

From peptide to protein

Peptides chains are joined to make polypeptides – which are then folded into proteins.

tRNA molecules carry amino acids

Ribosomes

Ribosomes – the component of cells that makes proteins from the amino acids on tRNA molecules.

Ribosomes are made of rRNA and protein

Translation

Translation is the process of reading the 3 base pair on the mRNA strand and synthesizing protein molecules.

Animation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo

Not to be outdone

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Q2Ba2cFAew&feature=related

Translation Practice

DNA – T A C A A C C G C T T T C T A

mRNA – A U G U U G G C G A A A G A U

tRNA - U A C A A C C G C U U U C U A

Amino - Met - Leu - Ala - Phen - Leu

Reading

Reading: “Translating the Message in mRNA” pgs. 528-530.

Continue filling out the graphic organizer.

Tomorrow - Proteins