Transitional Verbs and Pharse

7/23/2019 Transitional Verbs and Pharse

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Transitional words

and phrases

轉折語氣



Contents:

Common mistakes

Paragraph coherence

Transition signals Briefing English / presentation skills



Common confused words



Phrases / words Meaning / Example

1.

regard(uncountable n)

(formal) attention or consideration that is showntowards someone or something

The present administration has demonstrated littleregard for enironmental issues!

"ll students must hae access to #ualit$ education

without regard to wealth or class!

in this/thatregard

(formal) relating to something $ou hae %ustmentioned

The compan$&s problems' in this regard' arecertainl$ not uni#ue!



regard ()

regard as

not in progressie* to think about someone or something

in a particular wa$!

Edith was widel$ regarded as (+considered b$ man$

people to be) eccentric!

,is work is highl$ regarded (+regarded as er$ good) b$

art experts!

Though -. $ears old' the book is still regarded as the

authorit$ on the sub%ect!

as regardssomething

(formal) relating to a particular sub%ect use this when $ou

want to talk or write about a particular sub%ect0

"s regards a cure for the disease' er$ few adances hae

been made!



regarding(prep)

+ concerning! (formal) a word used especiall$ in letters orspeeches to introduce the sub%ect $ou are writing or talkingabout + concerning' with regard to*

about something or someone use this especiall$ to talkabout information' ideas' or #uestions

1egarding $our recent in#uir$' 2 hae enclosed a cop$ of our

new brochure!

2f $ou hae an$ #uestions regarding an$ of our serices'

please feel free to call me!Thank $ou for $our letter regarding the annual subscription

to our maga3ine!

1ichard was called in b$ the police to answer #uestions

concerning the disappearance of Thomas 1iple$!

4ith regard to(prep)

used especiall$ to introduce a sub%ect that $ou want to talkabout in a speech' formal report' meeting etc

4ith regard to the proposed new shopping mall' 2 would like

to add a few remarks to those of the preious speaker!

4ith regard to $our letter concerning m$ 5anuar$ pa$ment'

this matter has now been settled!



2.

displa$ () to show something to people' or put it in a place wherepeople can see it easil$0

2f a computer or something similar displa$ information' itshows it on its screen!

"ll the exam results will be displa$ed on the noticeboard!

2 pressed 6return7 and an error message was displa$ed!

2ndicate () if an instrument for measuring indicates information' itshows that information

The temperature gauge indicated 3ero!

This dial indicates oil pressure in the engine!

register () if a piece of e#uipment registers a particular speed'distance' time etc' that speed' distance etc has reached aparticular point on the e#uipment&s scale!

The %ell$ is read$ for bottling when the thermometerregisters 89: degrees!

4ind speeds registering between ;. and 8.. mph haebeen recorded!

The biggest #uake registered :!- on the 1ichter scale!



3.

as well(phrase)

also

2<m coming to =ondon and m$ sister<s coming aswell!

There are other features as well!

as well as(phrase)

2n addition to> and> not onl$but also

2 want to isit "ndrew as well as Martin!

M$ sister is a talent singer as well as a popular

writer!

,e has classes in the morning as well as in the

afternoon!



4.

2mplement () ?se> to put a plan or s$stem into operation

4e need mone$ to implement the program!

The changes to the national health s$stem will beimplemented next $ear!

execute () (formal) Do; to do or perform something,

especially in a planned way;

to execute a deal/plan

The whole play was executed with great

precision.The goernment had difficult$ in executing the polic$!

enforce () to make people obey a law, or to make a

particular situation happen or be accepted!t isn"t always easy for the police to enforce

speed limits.

The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of

discipline.



5.

operate () to (cause to) work' be in action or hae an effect

The machine is not operating properl$!

@oes the compan$ operate a pension schemeA

or seeral $ears she operated a dating agenc$ from

her basement flat!

Changes are being introduced to make thedepartment

operate more efficientl$!4e hae representaties operating in most countries!

Practice (n) action rather than thought or ideas

2t seemed like a good idea before we started' but in practice it was a disaster!fficiall$' 1obert&s in charge' but in practice ,annahruns the office!2 can&t see how $our plan is going to work in practice!,ow do $ou intend to put these proposals into practiceA



6.

define()

Explain> to sa$ what the meaning of something' especiall$ a word

2n this dictionar$ &realit$& is defined as &the state of things

as the$ are' rather than as the$ are imagined to be&!

Before 2 answer $our #uestion' could $ou define $our

terms a little more (+ explain what $ou mean b$ the

words $ou hae used)A

consider()

Diew as> regard as> to beliee someone or something to be' orthink of them as> …「認為，把視為」

(consider ! F/ad%) (that) (passie ! to infinitie)

@o $ou consider her suitable for the %obA

,e is currentl$ considered (to be) the best British athlete!

2 consider it (to be) a great honor to be inited to %oin the club!

2t is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with $ourmouth full of food!

2<m considering changing m$ %ob!

,e is considered an expert in computer science!



,e considers me as his best friend!

,e considers me his best friend!

These workers are considered as a highranking group! These workers are considered a highranking group!

2 consider him as cleer!

2 consider him cleer!

2 consider actiities such as %ogging and weightlifting as unnatural! 2 consider actiities such as %ogging and weightlifting unnatural!

consider

as

2 wished to consider marriage as the ideal human relationship!

Gloe puppetr$ is considered as one of the mostrepresentatie folk arts in Taiwan!



Editor Emily rewster responds02n all four cases' the sentences without as are more idiomatic!

,oweer' as the article at consider in Merriam-Webster's ConciseDictionary of English Usage states' Has constructions are perfectl$idiomatic but are not as common in recent use as the$ hae been in thepast!

Fonetheless' the$ are still in use and are standard!H

The ersions Iwithout as7 sound more natural and current to m$ ears!

,e considers me (to be) his best friend!

These workers are considered (to be) a highranking group!

2 consider him cleer!

2 consider actiities such as %ogging and weightlifting unnatural!

http0//www!learnersdictionar$!com/blog!phpAaction+DiewBlog"rticleJbaKid+L-

(Merriamwebster<s learner<s dictionar$)

http://www.learnersdictionary.com/blog.php?action=ViewBlogArticle&ba_id=42

http://www.learnersdictionary.com/blog.php?action=ViewBlogArticle&ba_id=42



Common mista!es



"ind mista!es

8! The results approed that the strateg$ was successful!

-! The price will arise in "pril!

! The goernment has offered an award of FTN:..'... to

catch the escaped prisoner!

L! Those cups belong to the meeting room' not the coffee room!

pro#edrise

Iarise7 refers to ph$sical moement' not incremental alue! Thus' we useit with words such as Ismoke' sun' fog' balloon' etc!7

The cost of liing has increased a lot in the past few $ears!The oil price %ust went up!

reward

Iaward7 + mone$ or a pri3e gien following an official decision!Ireward7 + something gien in exchange for good behaior or good work' etc!' or

an amount of mone$ gien to someone who helps the police!

$elong in



:! The unemplo$ment rate fluctuated between : to :!:O

last $ear!

9! Can $ou please check for these figuresA 2 want to makesure the$ are correct!

;! 2 hae alread$ checked to the client!

! =aw$ers usuall$ hae wealth$ consumers!

Q! @on<t pla$ the gun!

8.! The reason is because the$ can no longer afford our serice!

andbetween and / from toThe share price aries from L.! to L.!Q!

Check for something/someoneCould $ou please check m$ answers for an$ mistakesA

The police checked their bags for drugs!

c%ec!

c%ec!ed wit%

clients

Consumer R an$ person bu$s products! 2t is used to refer to people in

general!Client R someone bu$s serices from a compan$ or someone else!

play wit%pla$ ob%ect0 musical instruments' games' sports' and roles!

&%e reason is t%at



88! 1egarding to $our proposal' we<d like to meet with $ou next rida$ todiscuss the costs!

8-! 4e are sorr$ for late! Please accept our apolog$!

8! 2 want to improe m$ English abilit$!

8L! 2 want to adance m$ English!

8:! 4hat other languages do $ou speak beside ChineseA

89! M$ superisor was sitting besides me during the meeting!

'egarding

for $eing late

Iregarding to7 is incorrect in English! ?se onl$ Iregarding7 as the connector!2n regard to holida$s' $ou will hae six da$s off eer$ three months!The$ still haen<t reached an agreement with regard to the transportationallowance!

ISorr$ for7 n / ing! late (ad%!)4e are sorr$ to be late!Sorr$ for the dela$!

impro#e my Englis%4e do not use Iabilit$7 when talking about languages!

impro#e,e would do an$thing to adance his career!

$esides

$eside net to $y my side



8;! The price of this guitar is #uite cheap!

8! 4e plan to open a branch office in Shanghai in thecoming future!

8Q! 4e are considering to bu$ new office furniture!

-.! The compan$ will cost down this $ear!

-8! The$ discussed about the problem before isiting theclient!

--! The$ emphasi3e on discipline too much!

lowThe guitar is cheap!

in t%e near future soon

considering $uying4e plan to bu$ new office furniture!

lower its costsThe compan$ will reduce its costs!The compan$ will keep its costs down!The compan$ will bring its costs down!

discussed

The$ talked about the problem before isiting the client!

emp%asi*e

4e need to put more emphasis on customer serice!4e need to emphasi3e our customer serice!

The$ stress #ualit$ oer price!



-! This problem has been existed with m$ computer eer

since 2 bought it!

-L! The bus fee is FTN8:!

-:! She left the compan$ for two $ears!

-9! "n accident was happened $esterda$!

-;! 4e finished the pro%ect on time thanks to eer$bod$<s

hard working!

-! 4e need man$ more information about the new client!

-Q! 4ill $ou %oin the meeting toda$A

%as eisted

?se Iexist7 onl$ in the actie oice' een if the sub%ect is not a person!fare

two years agofor R to talk about a length of time!She worked at the compan$ for fie $ears!

She left the compan$ in -..8!%appened

?se Ihappen7 onl$ in the actie oice' een if the sub%ect is not aperson!

%ard wor! (n) hardworking people

muc% + little

attend + go to



.! 4e both arried in the same time!

8! 2n the meanwhile' he has agreed to help us find another

teacher!

-! 4e are lack of information to fight S"1S!

! 2 look forward to receie $our repl$!

L! 2<m sorr$! 2 said / made the wrong pronunciation!

:! This product is the same like the one $ou sold us last $ear!

atIin the same time7 R is used in relation to e#ual periods of time

The new printer can print three pages in the same time that the old oneprinted one!

,n t%e meantime + meanw%ile

lac! - somet%ingIto be lack of7 R incorrect!This goernment has neer had a lack of cleer answers for our #uestions!There is no lack of good food here!

loo! forward to

recei#ing

mispronounced t%at word wrong + pronounced t%at word incorrectly.

as

the same as / similar to / like



9! "ccording to m$ opinion' the econom$ will recoer b$the end of next $ear!

;! 2<d like to come to the meeting also!

! "t the beginning' i didn<t think she was going to come tothe meeting!

Q! 4e<ll pa$ $ou in the beginning of March!

,n my opinion + , t%in!

too + as wellIalso7 is neer placed at the end of a sentence is English!2<d also like to come to the meeting!

"lso' the new s$stem will help $ou organi3e $our time better!

/t firstIat the beginning7 R talking about a location! at the moment when sth startsIat first7 R talking about ideas that happened or started in the past!Iin the beginning7 + at first' originall$

Please put this sentence at the beginning of the paragraph! "t first' 2 thought $ou were the new general manager!2nitiall$' we wanted to set up the office on 4ashington 1oad!

at



L.! The$ charged us for a 8.O late fee!

L8! The$ still haen<t replied our emails!

L-! The report $ou submitted is not satisfied!

L! There are totall$ eight pages in this brochure!

LL! 2t was uneas$ for me to finish all this work in a da$!

c%arged us,ow much do $ou charge for a haircutA

The$ charged us FTN8.. for the delier$!

replied to

2 need to respond to a couple of letters and 2<ll be done!

satisfactoryThe director is not satisfied with $our report!ur performance is not satisfactor$!

eig%t pages in total

@uring the war' the cit$ was totall$ (completel$) destro$ed! " total of eight$ people attended the workshop!

difficult + toug% uneas$ + restless' anxious



0aragrap% Co%erence

Coherence0 how sentences hold together! " coherent paragraph does more than simpl$ la$ down

the facts it organi3es them' creating a logical argumentthat makes sense from idea to idea! Coherentparagraphs hae a beginning' a middle' and an end!Elements that contribute to coherence' such astransitional deices' linking pronouns' and repetition of

ke$ words' are discussed in the following sections!

http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/tsw/t-device.htm

http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/tsw/t-device.htm



8! 1epeating ke$ nouns

(repetition of ke$ words)

-! ?sing pronouns

! ?sing transition signalsL! "ppl$ing logical order

"our ways to ac%ie#e co%erence:



Example

=imited inestment in the housing sector makes it practicall$ impossible

to allocate sufficient resources for urban dwellers& housing needs! " highrate of urban population growth has increased the countr$&s needs forhousing! " small group of cit$ officials has laid out a new plan to combatthe crisis! " solution to the housingshortage problem is a ital polic$issue here! The housing problem has grown in the last twent$ $ears!

=imited inestment in the housing sector makes it practicall$ impossibleto allocate sufficient resources for urban dwellers& housing needs! 2nfact' the problem has grown in the last twent$ $ears! Because a highrate of urban population growth has increased the countr$&s needs forhousing' a solution to the housingshortage problem is a ital polic$issue here! " small group of cit$ officials has laid out a new plan tocombat the crisis!

weak

improed

"lthough related b$ topic (housing shortage)' each sentence makes its ownseparate point with no link to the sentences before or after! The result is agroup of related $et separate ideas instead of one coherent paragraph!

Each separate fact now flows into the next' creating a coherent whole!



(how man$ ke$ nouns' pronouns are usedA)

'epetition of !ey nouns



%y is t%is paragrap% less

co%erent



se of consistent pronouns: "oid change of person or change of number!(wh$ is it inconsistentA)



&ransition signals

4hich paragraph is easier to understandA



&ransition signals



&%ree types of &ransition signals

8! Sentence Connectors

(transition phrases J con%unctie aderbs)

-! Clause connectors

(coordinating con%unctions J subordinatingcon%unctions)

! thers



1. entence Connectors

(transition phrases J con%unctie aderbs)

&ransition p%rases0 "ppear in the beginning' middle' or end of a

sentence! " coma is needed!

Example0

"or eample' the Baltic Sea (' for example) inForthern Europe is onl$ onefourth as saline as the1ea Sea in the Middle East (' for example)!



ften used with a semicolon and a comma to %ointwo independent clauses!

Examples0

2n warm climate 3ones' water eaporates rapidl$t%erefore its net profit declined!

Some English words do not hae exact

e#uialents in other languages for eamplethere is no German word for the ad%ectie fair ' asin fair play !

Conunction /d#er$s0



Coordinating conunctions0 used with a comma to %oin two independent clauses and to form acompound sentence!

Examples0

2n a matriarch$' the mother is the head of the famil$'and all of the children belong to her clan!

2n warm climate 3ones' water eaporates' so theconcentration of salt is greater!

2. Clause Connectors



et and But an opposite idea is coming! 7et0 preferred when the -nd clause is an unexpected

or surprising contrast to the 8st clause! ut0 preferred when the - clauses are direct

oppositions! et is similar in meaning to ne#ert%eless> but issimilar to %owe#er !

Examples0Thomas Edison dropped out of school at age 8-' yet he became a famous inentor!

2 want to stud$ art' $ut m$ parents want me tobecome an engineer!

7et and ut0



?sed to introduce a dependent clause' which is %oined to form a complex sentence!

Position0 use a comma if the @C comes before

the 2C> do not use a comma if the @C comes afterthe 2C!

Examples0

/lt%oug% the compan$<s sale increased last $ear its net profit declined!

The compan$<s net profit declined last $earalt%oug% its sales increased!

u$ordinating conunctions



2ndicating transition0 additional (ad%!)> despite(prep!)> examples (n!)!

Examples0

"n additional reason for the firm<s bankruptc$was the lack of competent management!

Eamples of ocabular$ differences betweenBritish and "merican English include

petrol/gasoline' windscreen/windshield' andlorr$/truck!

8espite increased sales the compan$<s profitdeclined last #uarter!

3. 9t%ers



Common &ransition ignals



Meaning / function Sentenceconnectors

Clause connectors thers(ad%' erb' prep)Coordinators Subordinators

To introduce asimilar additionalidea

alsobesides

furthermore

in addition

moreoer

too

andnor (and not)

another an additional

&o compare t%ings alsolikewise

similarl$

too

andbothand

not onl$but also

neithernor

as %ust as

asaslike/alike

%ust like

similar to

be alike

be similar

To introduce anopposite idea'and to contrastt%ings

howeer in contrast

instead

in/b$ comparison

neertheless

on the other hand

on the contrar$

still

but$et

althougheen though

though

whereas

while

despitein spite of

compared to/with

be different (from)

be dissimilar

be unlike

differ (from)



Meaning /function

Sentenceconnectors


&o introduce aneample

or exampleor instance

such aslike

an example of

&o emp%asi*e 2n fact

&o eplain

and restate

2ndeed

That is

to introducean alternati#e

otherwise or 2f

unless

&o signalc%ronological

order

first' second' then'next

first of all' now' soonlast' finall$

meanwhile

graduall$

after that

since then

after

as

as soon asbefore

since

until

when

while

the first' the second

the next' the last'

the finalbefore lunch

after the war

since 8QQ.

in the $ear -..(an$ time expression)



Meaning /function

Sentenceconnectors

Clause connectors thers(ad%' erb' prep)

Coordinators Subordinators

&o indicateorder ofimportant

aboe all

first and foremost

more/most importantl$/significantl$

primaril$

a more important

the most important

the second mostsignificant

the primar$

&o introducea cause orreason

conse#uentl$

therefore

for this purpose

for because

since

as

result from

be the result of

due to

because of

the effect of

the conse#uence of

as a result of

as a conse#uence of



Meaning /function

Sentenceconnectors


&ointroducean effect orresult

"ccordingl$

"s a result

"s a conse#uence

Conse#uentl$

,ence' thus

Therefore

so result in

cause

hae an effect on

affect

the cause of

the reason for

&o conclude "ll in all

2n brief

2n conclusion2n short

2n summar$

2n deed

accordingl$

2t is clear that

4e can see that

The eidencesuggests that

These examplesshow that



riefing Englis%

Presentation Skills for PublicSpeaking簡報英文



" presentation is a formal talk to one or more

people that HpresentsH ideas or information in aclear' structured wa$! People are sometimesafraid of speaking in public' but if $ou follow afew simple rules' giing a presentation isactuall$ er$ eas$!

1. 0reparation

2. Euipment

3. 8eli#ery4. ;anguage

5. &%e 0resentation

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-prep.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-eqmt.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-dvry.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-lang.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-pres.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-pres.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-lang.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-dvry.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-eqmt.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations-prep.htm



1. 0reparation

0reparation is e#eryt%ing<

"ll presentations hae a common ob%ectie! People gie

presentations because the$ want to communicate inorder to0

= inform = train = persuade = sell



(8) b%ectie

(-) "udience

() Denue

(L) Method

(:) Content(9) Structure

(;) Fotes

() 1ehearsal

H%y am 2 making this presentationAH

H%o am 2 making this presentation toAH I,ow much dothe$ know alread$ and what will the$ expect from $ouA7

Time and length>?ow should 2 make this presentationAH

H%at should 2 sa$AH

Most presentations are organi3ed in three parts' followed b$#uestions0 beginning' middle' end

1eading a text isboringUPractice makes perfectU



-! Euipment



! 8eli#ery

&@elier$& refers to the wa$ in which $ou actuall$ delieror perform or gie $our presentation! @elier$ is a italaspect of all presentations!

(8) Feres

(-) "udience rapport

() Bod$ language

(L) Cultural considerations(:) Doice #ualit$

(9) Disual aids

Tr$ to speak slowl$ and calml$!

Build a warm and friendl$ relationship with$our audience! Enthusiasm is contagious!

"oid an$ repetitie and irritating gestures!

Dar$ $our oice speed' intonation' olume!

"oid cultural misunderstanding!

Veep the information on each isual aid to a minimum!



L! ;anguage

(1) implicity and Clarity

(-) ignposting

W ?se short words and short sentences!

W ?se actie erbs instead of passie erbs!

Examples0 (4hich is easier to understandA 4hich is more immediateA ) To$ota sold two million cars last $ear!

Two million cars were sold b$ To$ota last $ear!

W =et $our audience know where the$ are and the structure of $our

presentation!

W Make a list of useful expressions to signpost the arious parts of

$our presentation!



seful epression of signposting

ignposting"unction ;anguage

2ntroducing the sub%ect 2&d like to start b$!!!=et&s begin b$!!!

irst of all' 2&ll!!!Starting with!!!2&ll begin b$!!!

inishing one sub%ect!!! 4ell' 2&e told $ou about!!!

That&s all 2 hae to sa$ about!!!4e&e looked at!!!So much for!!!



!!!and starting another Fow we&ll moe on to!!!=et me turn now to!!!Fext!!!Turning to!!!2&d like now to discuss!!!=et&s look now at!!!The next slide is about

The following side that 2<m goingto present $ou is

"nal$3ing a point andgiing

recommendations

4here does that lead usA=et&s consider this in more

detail!!!4hat does this mean for "BCATranslated into real terms!!!



Giing an example or example'!!! " good example of this is!!! "s an illustration'!!!

To gie $ou an example'!!!To illustrate this point!!!

@ealing with#uestions

4e&ll be examining this point inmore detail later on!!!

2&d like to deal with this #uestionlater' if 2 ma$!!!2&ll come back to this #uestion laterin m$ talk!!!

Perhaps $ou&d like to raise thispoint at the end!!!2 won&t comment on this now!!!



Summari3ing andconcluding

2n conclusion'!!!1ight' let&s sum up' shall weA2&d like now to recap!!!

=et&s summari3e briefl$ whatwe&e looked at!!!inall$' let me remind $ou ofsome of the issues we&e

coered!!!2f 2 can %ust sum up the mainpoints!!!

rdering irstl$!!!secondl$!!!thirdl$!!!lastl$!!!

irst of all!!!then!!!next!!!afterthat!!!finall$!!!To start with!!!later!!!to finish up!!!



:! The Presentation

Most presentations are diided into main parts01 ,@&'98C&,9@

(Auestions)2 987

3 C9@C;,9@Auestions

"s a general rule in communication' repetition is aluable! 2n presentations'there is a golden rule about repetition0

W Sa$ what $ou are going to sa$'W Sa$ it'W then sa$ what $ou hae %ust said!

2n other words' use the three parts of $our presentation to reinforce $our

message!



:! The Presentation introduction

The introduction is a er$ important perhaps the

most important part of $our presentation! ou

should use the introduction to0

welcome your audience

introduce your su$ect

outline t%e structure of your presentation gi#e instructions a$out uestions



The following table shows examples of language for each of these functions!ou ma$ need to modif$ the language as appropriate!

"unction 0ossi$le language

1. elcomingyour audience

Good morning' ladies and gentlemenGood morning' gentlemenGood afternoon' ladies and gentlemanGood afternoon' eer$bod$

2. ,ntroducingyour su$ect

2 am going to talk toda$ about!!!

The purpose of m$ presentation is to introduce our newrange of!!!

3. 9utlining your

structure

To start with' 2&ll describe the progress made this $ear! Then 2&llmention some of the problems we&e encountered and howwe oercame them! "fter that 2&ll consider the possibilities for

further growth next $ear! inall$' 2&ll summari3e m$presentation (before concluding with somerecommendations)!

4. Bi#inginstructions

a$out uestions

@o feel free to interrupt me if $ou hae an$ #uestions!2&ll tr$ to answer all of $our #uestions after the presentation!2 plan to keep some time for #uestions after the presentation!



The bod$ is the &real& presentation! 2f the introduction was well prepared

and deliered' $ou will now be &in control&! ou will be relaxed andconfident! The bod$ should be well structured' diided up logicall$' withplent$ of carefull$ spaced isuals!

1emember these ke$ points while deliering the bod$ of $ourpresentation0

do not hurr$

be enthusiastic gie time on isuals maintain e$e contact modulate $our oice look friendl$ keep to $our structure use $our notes

signpost throughout remain polite when dealing with difficult #uestions

:! The Presentation $ody



?se the conclusion to0

um up

(Bi#e recommendations if appropriate) &%an! your audience

,n#ite uestions

:! The Presentation R conclusion



The following table shows examples of language for each of these functions!ou ma$ need to modif$ the language as appropriate!

"unction 0ossi$le language

1 umming up

To conclude'!!!2n conclusion'!!!Fow' to sum up!!!So let me summari3e/recap what 2&e said!inall$' ma$ 2 remind $ou of some of the main points we&e

considered!

2 Bi#ingrecommendations

2n conclusion' m$ recommendations are!!!2 therefore suggest/propose/recommend the following

strateg$!

3 &%an!ing your

audience

Man$ thanks for $our attention!

Ma$ 2 thank $ou all for being such an attentie audience!

4 ,n#itinguestions

Fow 2&ll tr$ to answer an$ #uestions $ou ma$ hae!Can 2 answer an$ #uestionsA "re there an$ #uestionsA@o $ou hae an$ #uestionsA "re there an$ final #uestionsA



:! The Presentation R uestions

Xuestions are a good opportunit$ for $ou to interact with$our audience! 2t ma$ be helpful for $ou to tr$ to predictwhat #uestions will be asked so that $ou can prepare

$our response in adance!

ou ma$ wish to accept #uestions at an$ time during$our presentation' or to keep a time for #uestions after

$our presentation! Formall$' it&s $our decision' and $oushould make it clear during the introduction!



?seful language for making anEnglish presentation



9pening a presentation

Good morning' ladies and gentlemen! M$ name is !!! 2<m the (new marketingmanager)! 4elcome to !!!!!' m$ name is!!!! 2<m pleased to be here Thank $ou for coming! 2t<s er$ nice to see $ou all here toda$!

=adies and gentlemen! 2t&s an honor to hae the opportunit$ to address sucha distinguished audience! 2t<s an honor for me to isit (compan$) toda$! Good morning! =et me start b$ sa$ing a few words about m$ background!

4elcome to (compan$)! 2 know 2<e met some of $ou alread$' but for those 2haen<t' m$ name isYYY

Toda$ 2 would like to gie this presentation for defining our problem and giea solution!



,ntroducing report su$ect 2<d like to talk to $ou toda$ about !!!!!!!

2<m going to present the recent!!!!! 2 will now brief $ou on!!!!! The topic of toda$<s conference is !!!! The topic of m$ presentation is The focus of m$ speech is !!!!!! 4e are here toda$ to learn!!! The purpose of this presentation is to!!!

The aim of this presentation is to introduce $ou to YYYY/ tell $ou about YYY/ talk about YYY!

The reason wh$ 2<m here toda$ is to talk about / discuss YYY!

2t<s m$ pleasure to gie $ou a presentation on (topic)!

This talk is designed to present the recent (topic)!

irst of all' 2<m going to brief $ou on the recent deelopment and trends of the =C@

market!



'eport outline 2<e diided m$ presentation into fie sections/parts! This talk is segmented into fie parts0 firstl$ / secondl$ / eentuall$! 4e can break this down into the following fields0 first of all / then / next /

finall$! 4e can break this area down into the following fields0 a' b' c The sub%ect can be looked at under the following headings0 a' b' c

2<d like to begin b$/secondl$/thirdl$/lastl$ To start with/later/to finish up 2 shall onl$ take 8: minutes of $our time! This should onl$ last 8: minutes! This presentation contains parts!

The presentation is composed of parts!! irst of all' 2<e diided m$ speech into parts / sections! The$ are =et<s start with !irst' we<ll talk about!! then



,ntroduce parts of structure 2<ll start with / To begin with' / irst / first of all Step one is to (erb) / Fext / second / then / "fter that' we<ll discuss "nd then we come to (topic) inall$ / third / to close / =astl$ / last of al =et<s go back what we were discussing earlier! =et<s go to next page! 2&d now like to moe on to

This page is telling us that / This page is about "ccording to the latest stud$' rom this page' we can see "s $ou can seen from this page' Statistics show that



,ntroduce #isuals this page is to show this slide indicates that Please take a look at 2<d like to direct $our attention to this slide!! This graph shows! / The graph is about ,ere we can see! / "s $ou can see

"s $ou can see from this slide The graph represents / This graph shows $ou 2<d also like to draw $our attention to 2f $ou look at this' $ou will see 2&d like $ou to look at this

This chart illustrates the figures This clearl$ shows rom this' we can understand how / wh$ This area of the chart is interesting



,n#iting uestions 2<d be glad to answer an$ #uestions at the end of m$ presentation!

2f $ou hae an$ #uestions' please feel free to interrupt! 2f an$one has an$ #uestions' please feel free to interrupt at an$ time! 2f $ou hae an$ #uestions' please stop me at an$ time' and 2 will be

happ$ to answer $our #uestions! Please interrupt me if there<s something unclear!

There will be time for #uestions at the end of the presentation! 2&d be grateful if $ou could ask $our #uestions after the presentation! Thank $ou for listening and now if there are an$ #uestions' 2 would

be pleased to answer them! That brings me to the end of m$ presentation! Thank $ou for $our

attention! 2&d be glad to answer an$ #uestions $ou might hae!



End of presentation

Thank $ou for $our input and patience! Thank $ou for $our attention! Thank $ou for $our listening! This is for toda$<s presentation! Thank $ou for

participating!

2 hope $ou will hae gained an insight into 2<d like to pass m$ presentation to the nextspeaker/ presenterlet<s welcome @r! 4ang!



&ips of Effecti#e 0u$lic pea!ing

Vnow $our audience ?se a strong opening statement or #uestion to interest $ouraudience! Begin with something to get the attention of the audience!

Be energetic in delier$! Structure $our speech! Plan the content of $our presentation Tell $our own stor$ somewhere in the presentation!!! To add interest and understanding to $our speech' include a isual

aid! =ook at the audience as $ou speak! To hae consistentl$ good e$e contact ' not to read $our speech! 2nclude a HwowH factor in $our speech!

Consider using a touch of humor in $our speech! =eae the audience with something to think about! Time control



4eb links

http0//www!wretch!cc/blog/leechih$in/L.-L (Briefing English)

http0//www!englishclub!com/speaking/presentations!htm (English presentation and public speaking)

http0//www!theenglishweb!com/ (BusinessEnglish)

http0//www!mhhe!com/ma$fieldpub/tsw/esllink!htm (Common writing problems)

http://www.wretch.cc/blog/leechihyin/8402384

http://www.englishclub.com/speaking/presentations.htm


http://www.theenglishweb.com/

http://www.mhhe.com/mayfieldpub/tsw/esl-link.htm




http://www.theenglishweb.com/



http://www.wretch.cc/blog/leechihyin/8402384

Transitional Verbs and Pharse

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