Transistor

TRANSISTORTHE SAGA

By~Bharath Naidu [email protected]

A LEGENDARY INVENTION BY THE LEGENDARY HEROES

William Shockley

Brattain, Walter Houser

John Bardeen

The first point contact transistor made by the Shockley team at

Bell Labs in 1947.

DOB : December 16, 1947

The idea……?

• Atomic physics formed the roots for all the early inventions in the field of

Electronics.

• Classification of materials : 1. Conductors

2. Semi Conductors

3. Insulators

• Elements we use in manufacturing of semiconductors

• Ge and Si are elemental Semi conductors

• GaAs and GaP are compound Semi Conductors

II III IV V VI

B C

Al Si P S

Zn Ga Ge Ar Se

Cd In Sb Te

Bi

• Is back to back connection of two diodes will give a transistor?

NO!

• Classification:

1. BJT NPN PNP

2. FET JFET

N- Channel P- Channel

MOSFET N MOS

CMOS P MOS

Transistor or Transfer of Resistance ?

How

?

Gordon E. Moore and his Law:

2D to 3D

A major Breakthrough and historic innovation by Intel

• World's first 3-D transistors in mass production.• 22nm microprocessor -- code-named Ivy Bridge

-- that will be the first high-volume chip to use 3-D transistors.

• The transition to 3-D continues the pace of technology advancement, fueling Moore's Law for years to come.

• An unprecedented combination of performance improvement and power reduction to enable new innovations across a range of future 22nm-based devices from the smallest handhelds to powerful cloud-based servers.

Key objectives in Transistor Design:• Maximum current in On state• Minimum current in Off state• Fast switching between On and Off

states

Happy Engineers day in advance!

Bharath.CHECE.