DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN Transcription and Translation… Its what make you, YOU!
Dec 22, 2015
DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN
Transcription and Translation…
Its what make you, YOU!
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF: Water Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds
CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TREE AND ME?! PROTEIN!
Because of DNA
DNA Species specific Genes are long strands of DNA on
chromosomes Genes code for proteins Proteins make you YOU and a sequoia a
SEQUOIA
BUT WHAT IS DNA?! The genetic code Instructions for heredity Sections of it make genes Director of protein synthesis
AND…
DNA IS ALSO A type of nucleic acid An organic compound A polymer
Repeating subunits
DNA’S PROPER NAME Deoxyribonucleic Acid!
Say it with me! A ribose sugar with a “missing” oxygen
Hence the de-oxy part In the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms
BASIC DNA STRUCTURE Nucleotide
A phosphateA sugarA nitrogen base
Double helixHydrogen bonds between
Adenine & Thymine Cytosine & Guanine
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Assembling a protein molecule from
amino acidsAmino acids are small molecules found in
the foods we eat or are produced in our cells.
Happens at the ribosomes DNA → RNA is called transcription. RNA → Protein is called translation.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1) The DNA’s sequence codes to
produce messenger RNA (mRNA) 2) The mRNA leaves the nucleus and
attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm 3) Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino
acid molecules to the ribosome that correspond to the sequence of the code
4) Amino acids bond together to form polypeptides, that bond together to make proteins
RIBOSOMES Complex
machinery that controls protein synthesis.
2 subunitsOne catalyzes the
peptide bond formations
The other binds the mRNA to the tRNA
RNA Single-stranded Still made of nucleotides that have a
phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen baseAdenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine