May 19, 2015
Dr.K.Baranidharan
Present by…
WELCOME
NEW SEVEN TOOLS OF
Q C
What are the New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Relations Diagrams
Tree Diagrams
Matrix Diagrams
Arrow Diagrams Process Decision Program Charts Matrix Data Analysis
History of the New Seven Q.C. Tools
Committee of J.U.S.E. - 1972 Aim was to develop more QC
techniques with design approach Work in conjunction with original
Basic Seven Tools
New set of methods (N7) - 1977
Slide 1 0f 2
History of the New Seven Q.C. Tools
Developed to organize verbal data diagrammatically.
Basic 7 tools effective for data analysis, process control, and quality improvement (numerical data)
Used together increases TQM effectiveness
Slide 2 0f 2
What are the Basic Seven Q.C. Tools?
Flow Charts
Run Charts
Histograms
Pareto Diagrams
Cause and Effect Diagrams Scatter Diagrams Control Charts
Relation Between New Seven Q.C. Tools and Basic Seven Tools
FACTS
Data
Numerical Data Verbal Data
Organize
The Seven New Tools
Information
The Basic Seven Tools
•Generate Ideas
•Formulate plans
•Analytical approach
Define problem after collecting numerical data
Define problem before collecting numerical data
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
Enhanced Capabilities
Generate ideas Improve planning Eliminate errors and omissions Explain problems intelligibly Secure full cooperation Persuade powerfully
Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools
Organize verbal data
Slide 1 0f 4
Enhanced Keys to Organizational Reform
Clarify the desired situation Prioritize tasks effectively Proceed systematically Anticipate future events Change proactively Get things right the first time
Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools
Assess situations from various angles
Slide 2 0f 4
Five Objectives of Organizational Reform
which will establish a Culture that: Gives importance to planning Stresses the importance of the
process Prioritizes tasks Encourages everyone to think
systematically
Benefits of Incorporating New Seven Q.C. Tools
Slide 3 0f 4
Identifies problems
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
For Pinpointing the Problem in a Chaotic
Situation and Generating Solution Strategies
Gathers large amounts of intertwined verbal data (ideas, opinions, issues)
Organizes the data into groups based on natural relationship
Makes it feasible for further analysis and to find a solution to the problem.
Slide 1 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams Facilitates breakthrough thinking and
stimulate fresh ideas Permits the problem to be pinned
down accurately Ensures everyone clearly recognizes
the problem Incorporates opinions of entire group
Slide 2 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Advantages of Affinity Diagrams (cont.)
Fosters team spirit Raises everyone’s level of awareness Spurs to the group into action
Slide 3 0f 7
Topic
Affinity StatementData CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Affinity StatementData CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Affinity StatementData CardData Card
Data Card
Affinity StatementData CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Data Card Data Card
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach
Slide 4 0f 7
Select a topic Collect verbal data by
brainstorming Discuss info collected until everyone understands it thoroughly Write each item on separate data card Spread out all cards on table
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 7
Move data cards into groups of similar themes (natural affinity for each other) Combine statements on data cards to new Affinity statement
Make new card with Affinity statement Continue to combine until less than 5 groups
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Constructing an Affinity Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.)
Slide 6 0f 7
Lay the groups outs, keeping the affinity clusters together
Next, complete the diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Affinity Diagrams
Completing an Affinity Diagram Slide 7 0f 7
Topic
Affinity Statement
Data CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Affinity Statement
Data CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Affinity Statement
Data CardData Card
Data Card
Affinity Statement
Data CardData Card
Data CardData Card
Data Card Data Card
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
For Finding Solutions Strategies by Clarifying
Relationships with Complex Interrelated Causes
Resolves tangled issues by unraveling the logical connection
Allows for “Multi-directional” thinking rather than linear
Also known as Interrelationship diagrams
Slide 1 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Advantages of Relations Diagrams Useful at planning stage for obtaining
perspective on overall situation Facilitates consensus among team Assists to develop and change
people’s thinking Enables priorities to be identified
accurately
Slide 2 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Advantages of Relations Diagrams (cont.)
Makes the problem recognizable by clarifying the relationships among causes
Slide 3 0f 7
Why doesn’t X happen?
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Tertiary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Tertiary Cause
4th level Cause
Tertiary Cause
Tertiary Cause
4th level Cause
5th level Cause
6th level Cause
Tertiary Cause
Secondary Cause
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach
Slide 4 0f 7
Express the problem in form of “Why isn’t something happening?”
Each member lists 5 causes affecting problem
Discuss info collected until everyone understands it thoroughly
Write each item on a card
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 7
Move cards into similar groups Asking why, explore the cause-
effect relationships, and divide the cards into primary, secondary and tertiary causes Connect all cards by these relationships Further discuss until all possible causes have been identified
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Constructing a Relations Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.)
Slide 6 0f 7
Connect all related groups
Next, complete the diagram
Review whole diagram looking for relationships among causes
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Relations Diagrams
Completing a Relations Diagram Slide 7 0f 7
Why doesn’t X happen?
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Primary Cause
Tertiary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Secondary Cause
Tertiary Cause
4th level Cause
Tertiary Cause
Tertiary Cause
4th level Cause
5th level Cause
6th level Cause
Tertiary Cause
Secondary Cause
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
For Systematically Pursuing the Best Strategies
for Attaining an Objective Develops a succession of
strategies for achieving objectives Reveals methods to achieve the
results. Also known as Systematic
diagrams or Dendrograms
Slide 1 0f 5
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Advantages of Tree Diagrams Systematic and logical approach is
less likely that items are omitted Facilitates agreement among team Are extremely convincing with
strategies
Slide 2 0f 5
To Accomplish
Primary means
Constraints
Secondary means
Secondary means3rd means
3rd means3rd means
3rd means
4th means4th means
4th means4th means4th means4th means4th means
Discuss means of achieving objective (primary means, first level
strategy)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing a Tree Diagram Group Method Approach
Slide 3 0f 5
Write Relations Diagram topic (Objective card)
Identify constraints on how objective can be achieved
Take each primary mean, write ob-jective for achieving it (secondary means)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Constructing an Tree Diagram Group Method Approach (cont.)
Slide 4 0f 5
Continue to expand to the fourth level Review each system of means in both directions (from objective to means and means to objective)
Add more cards if needed Connect all levels
Next, complete the diagram
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Tree Diagrams
Completing a Tree DiagramSlide 5 0f 5
To Accomplish
3rd means
3rd means
Primary means
3rd means
3rd means
ConstraintsPrimary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
Secondary means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
3rd means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
4th means
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
For Clarifying Problems by “Thinking Multidimensionally”
Consists of a two-dimensional array to determine location and nature of problem
Discovers key ideas by relationships represented by the cells in matrix.
Slide 1 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams Enable data on ideas based on
extensive experience Clarifies relationships among
different elements Makes overall structure of problem
immediately obvious Combined from two to four types of
diagrams, location of problem is clearer.
Slide 2 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Advantages of Matrix Diagrams (cont.)
5 types: L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, X-shaped, and C-shaped
Slide 3 0f 7
O O =1 O =4 Principal
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidiary
=3 X =6
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4th level means from Tree diagram O O 1 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O Hold 4 times/month4th level means
from Tree diagram O 3 O At every meeting4th level means
from Tree diagram O 2 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O X 5 O At least 3 times/year/person4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O O4th level means
from Tree diagram 4 O
Evaluation Responsibilities
Remarks
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram Slide 4 0f 7
Write final-level means from Tree diagram forming vertical axis
Write in Evaluation categories (efficacy, practicability, and rank) on horizontal axis.
Write names along horizontal axis
Examine final-level means to identify whom will implement them
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 7
Label group of columns as “Responsibilities” Label right-hand end of horizontal axis as “Remarks”
Examine each cell and insert the appropriate symbol:
Efficacy: O=good, =satisfactory, X=none
Practicability: O=good,=satisfactory, X=none
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams
Constructing a Matrix Diagram (cont.)
Slide 6 0f 7
Fill out remarks column and record meanings of symbol
Next, complete the diagram
Examine cells under Responsibility Columns, insert double-circle for Principal and single-circle for Subsidiary
Determine score for each combination of symbols, record in rank column
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Diagrams Completing a Matrix Diagram
Slide 7 0f 7
O O =1 O =4 Principal
O =2 O X =5 O Subsidiary
=3 X =6E
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4th level means from Tree diagram O O 1 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O Hold 4 times/month4th level means
from Tree diagram O 3 O At every meeting4th level means
from Tree diagram O 2 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O X 5 O At least 3 times/year/person4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O O4th level means
from Tree diagram 4 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O 2 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O4th level means
from Tree diagram O O 1 O
Evaluation Responsibilities
Remarks
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
For Working Out Optimal Schedules and Controlling Them Effectively
Shows relationships among tasks needed to implement a plan
Network technique using nodes for events and arrows for activities
Used in PERT (Program Evaluation and
Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method)
Slide 1 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams Allows overall task to viewed and
potential snags to be identified before work starts
Leads to discovery of possible improvements
Makes it easy to monitor progress of work
Deals promptly with changes to plan Improves communication among
team
Slide 2 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Advantages of Arrow Diagrams (cont.)
Promotes understanding and agreement among group
Slide 3 0f 7
Strategy
1
Constraints
Activity
2
4
3 5 9
6 8
7
10 13
12
11
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram Slide 4 0f 7
From strategies on Tree diagram, select one (Objective of Arrow Diagram)
Identify constraints to Objective
Write all essential activities on separate cards
List all activities necessary to achieving Objective
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 7
Organize cards in sequential order of activities
Remove any duplicate activities Review order of activities, find
sequence with greatest amount of activities
Arrange parallel activities
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams
Constructing an Arrow Diagram (cont.)
Slide 6 0f 7
Record names and other necessary information
Next, complete the diagram
Examine path, number nodes in sequence from left to right
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Arrow Diagrams Completing an Arrow Diagram
Slide 7 0f 7
Strategy
1
Constraints
Activity
2
4
3 5 9
6 8
7
10 13
12
11
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
For Producing the Desired Result from Many
Possible Outcomes Used to plan various contingencies Used for getting activities back on
track Steers events in required direction
if unanticipated problems occur Finds feasible counter measures to
overcome problems
Slide 1 0f 7
Advantages of Process Decisions Program Charts (PDPC’s)
Facilitates forecasting Uses past to anticipate contingencies Enables problems to pinpointed Illustrates how events will be directed
to successful conclusion Enables those involved to understand
decision-makers intentions
Slide 2 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
Advantages of PDPC’s (cont.)
Fosters cooperation and communication in group
Easily modified and easily understood
Slide 3 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
Start
GOAL
YESYES
NONONO
NO
NO
YES
NONO
Constructing a PDPC Slide 4 0f 7
Select a highly effective, but difficult strategy from the Tree diagram Decide on a goal (most desirable outcome)
Identify constraints of objective
Identify existing situation (Starting point)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
List activities to reach goal and potential problems with each activity
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 7
Review list. Add extra activities or problems not thought of previously
Prepare contingency plan for each step and review what action is needed if step is not achieved
Examine carefully to check for inconsistencies and all important factors are included
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
Constructing an PDPC (cont.)
Slide 6 0f 7
Next, complete the diagram
Examine to make sure all contingency plans are adequate
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
Completing a PDPCSlide 7 0f 7
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Process Decisions Program Charts
Start
GOAL
YESYES
NONONO
NO
NO
YES
NONO
Source: Nayatani, Y., The Seven New QC Tools (Tokyo, Japan, 3A Corporation, 1984)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Principal Component Analysis Technique quantifies and arranges
data presented in Matrix Based solely on numerical data Finds indicators that differentiate
and attempt to clarify large amount of information
Slide 1 0f 6
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Advantages of Principal Component Analysis Can be used in various fields (market
surveys, new product planning, process
analysis)
Can be when used when Matrix
diagram does not give sufficient
information
Useful as Prioritization Grid
Slide 2 0f 6
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
Slide 3 0f 6
Determine your goal, your alternatives, and criteria for decision Place selection in order of importance
Sum individual ratings to establish overall ranking (Divide by number of options for average ranking)
Apply percentage weight to each option (all weights should add up to 1)
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
Slide 4 0f 6
Rank order each option with respect to criterion (Average the
rankings and apply a completed ranking) Multiply weight by associated rank
in Matrix (in example, 4 is best, 1 is worst) Result is Importance Score Add up Importance Scores for each
option
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Constructing a Prioritization Grid (cont.)
Slide 5 0f 6
See completed the diagram
Rank order the alternatives according to importance
Completing a Prioritization Grid Slide 6 0f 6
New Seven Q.C. Tools
Matrix Data Analysis
Source: Foster, S., Managing Quality (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
Cost ReliabilityOptions
Design A.30 .203 3
.90 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
Design B.40 .104 1
1.6 .10 3.0 2
Design C.25 .252 4
.50 1 2.5 3 Design D
.10 .201 3
.10 .60 3.2 1 (tie)
1.05 .75.26 .192 4
Importance Sum Score
Option Ranking(least important)
Strength
Importance scoreRank
Percentage weight
Percentage weightRank
Importance score
Percentage weightRank
Importance score
Percentage weightRank
Importance score
Sum of weightsAverage weight
Criterion Ranking
Customer Acceptance(most important)
.404
1.6
.303
.90
.251
.25
0.33
.90
1.25
2.40
.25
.75
.101
.10
.20
.95
.243
Criteria
.404
3
1.6
.311
Dr.K.BaranidharanTHANK YOU