Total Cost of Ownership Comparison of PCs With Hosted Virtual Desktops, 2011 Update Gartner RAS Core Research Note G00209403, Federica Troni, Mark A. Margevicius, Michael A. Silver, 14 December 2010, RA12 08132011 Hosted virtual desktops (HVDs) bring the benefits of centralized architecture with improved operational efficiency. Total cost of ownership (TCO) savings exist, but these alone are not sufficient to justify a migration, as a high level of initial capital investments is required to build the back-end infrastructure. Key Findings • The TCO of HVDs can range from 2% to 13% lower than comparable desktop deployments. • HVD implementation scenarios that use current image management technologies for light desktop application loads have lower or similar direct costs as those of traditional desktop PCs deployments. • New server and image management technologies can reduce direct costs up to 15%, and can lower the overall TCO of HVDs by 9 to 12%, as compared with older-generation HVD deployments. • Dedicated and pooled image implementations will increasingly be replaced by dynamic image implementations. Recommendations • Use HVD migrations as opportunities to move to higher levels of management and gain more flexibility at lower or similar direct costs. • Ensure that all HVD business cases include TCO considerations, as well as benefits that are more difficult to quantify, such as the ability to give secure access to applications and data to remote users, the ability to accommodate a broader choice of client devices, and increased security and manageability. • Select dynamic image implementations for light loads over pooled image deployment, as the TCO for dynamic images is up to 11% lower. • Choose dynamic images augmented with persistent personalization software instead of dedicated implementation when personalization is required, as the TCO of dynamic images is 9% to 12% lower than that of dedicated image implementations.
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Total Cost of Ownership Comparison of PCs With Hosted Virtual Desktops, 2011 Update
Gartner RAS Core Research Note G00209403, Federica Troni, Mark A. Margevicius, Michael A. Silver, 14 December 2010, RA12 08132011
Hosted virtual desktops (HVDs) bring the benefits of centralized architecture with improved operational efficiency. Total cost of ownership (TCO) savings exist, but these alone are not sufficient to justify a migration, as a high level of initial capital investments is required to build the back-end infrastructure.
Three Implementation ScenariosHVDscanbedeployedindifferentwaystoaccommodatetherequirementsofdifferentusersandorganizations.ThevariousimplementationoptionshavedifferentTCOimplications.SomeofthescenariosdescribedbelowemploythelatestgenerationofHVDsoftware;othersarelegacyscenariosthatarestilldeployedbysomeorganizations.Goingforward,thededicatedandpooledimagescenarioswillgraduallybereplacedbynewer,dynamicimage scenarios:
• Implementation of dynamically built images:Inthisscenario,onecopyoftheOSisstoredinthedatacenterandwillservemultipleuserimages.Imagesarecomposeddynamicallywhenuserslogon,bycombiningtheOSwiththeappropriatesetofapplications.ThisisachievedwithdifferenttechnologiesbydifferentHVDsoftwarevendors,butleadstosimilarresults.ThemainadvantageofthisimplementationscenarioovertheothertwoisthatitsubstantiallyreducesstoragerequirementsandsimplifiesmanagementoftheOS.Differentdegreesofpersonalizationofthedesktopareavailableforthesescenariostoday;however,foradvancedfeatures,third-partytoolsarerequired.Third-partytoolsmayberequiredtogobeyondbasicsettingsandfolder/fileredirection.
• Implementation of dedicated images:Inthisscenario,usersareassociatedwiththeirown,uniqueHVDimage.NoimagededuplicationtechnologyisusedandtheuserimageisexactlyasitwasonphysicalPC,butitisnowplacedinaVMandrunsonaserverinthedatacenter.EachimageincludesafullcopyoftheOS,applicationsanduser’spersonaldata.DedicatedimagesrepresentedoneofthefirstHVDdeploymentmethods.Theadvantageofthisoptionisthatitcanaccommodateusersthatrequirefullpersonalizationofthedesktop.Thedisadvantageisthatitistypicallyalsothemostexpensivescenario,asitrequiresalargeinfrastructurebuildout;and,unlikeotherscenarios,itdoesnothelporganizationsintroducehigherlevelsofmanageabilityfortheirclient-computingdeployments.
Heavy Versus Light LoadsWehavecalculatedtheTCOfortheseimplementationscenarioscomparingdifferentinfrastructuresetupsservingdifferentclient-computingworkloads.HeavyloadscenariosrepresentHVDdeploymentsfordemandingorsophisticatedusers,whichwillrequirehighnumbersofapplicationsandlargeamountsofdata.Lightloadscenarios,conversely,representimplementationsforusersrequiringfewerapplicationstodotheirjobandstorelimiteddata.Thedistinctionbetweenheavyandlightloadsimpactstheinfrastructurerequirements,asitaffectsmemoryandstoragerequirements,aswellastheuser-to-serverratio.
• Hardware, software and facilities:Inthisupdate,wehaveincludedalowerthin-clientcost.Theper-servercostshavemorethandoubled,ascomparedwiththe2008numberssincewenowincludedual-CPU,quad-coreanddual-CPU,six-coreserverswith96GBand128GBofmemory,respectively.Thiscostispartlycompensatedforbythehigherdensityofusersperserverthatiscurrentlyachievable.Wehaveloweredtheper-usersoftwarecosts,whicharenowsetat$750,
Assumptions Common to All ScenariosWebuildscenariosfora2,500-userdeployment,wheretheendpointdeviceisathinclientpricedat$350,withoutconsideringvolumediscounts(seeNote1).Thinclientshavealifecycleofsixyearsandfouryearsforservers.Forthepurposeofthisresearch,weassumeamixof50%dataentryusers(usingoneortwoapplicationstodotheirjob)and50%task-orientedworkers(usingasmallsetofapplicationsandoperatingwithinaknownsetoffunctions).Theusermiximpactsmostlyend-usercosts,as these are determined using the average salaries, but also the applicationmixandthehelpdeskfigures.Networkingcostsarenotincludedinourmodel,astheyvarytoowidelyfromorganizationtoorganization.Ourmodelorganizationhasonlyonelargecentrallocation,andtheHVDsareallhostedinonedatacenter.More-