Topic SENTENCE

Topic SENTENCESUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT Sentence

CONCLUSION

Remember: A paragraph is usually about a single topic or idea.

Paragraph Organization P. 2-3

With a partner, analyze “The Traditional Music of the United States” on p. 5. Select the best topic sentence and conclusion. Outline it in the margin or on a separate piece of paper.I. Jazz, country, and folk…

Three typesA. Jazz – African/European

1. Slavery2. Incorporation

B.Country - immigration1. Irish and English

immigrantsC.Folk – guitars and voices

1. 1950s and 1960s protests

II. Three types

(topic) (controlling idea)

(major support)(minor support)(minor support)

(major support)(minor support)

(major support)(minor support)

(conclusion)When planning, outline your main ideas and use key words. You can write sentences later. them later.

Outlining a ParagraphThe Writing Process – P. 5

I.

A.1.2.

B.1.

C.1.

II.

Topic SENTENCESUPPORT SentenceSUPPORT Sentence SUPPORT SentenceCONCLUSION

Intro paragraphSUPPORT

ParagraphSUPPORT

ParagraphSUPPORT

ParagraphCONCLUSIO

N

Paragraphs Essays

Paragraph vs. Essay

TS Jazz, country, and folk…MS Jazz – African/European ms Slavery ms IncorporationMS Country – immigration ms Irish and English

immigrantsMS Folk – guitars and voices m 1950s and 1960s protestsCS Three types

Introductory ParagraphHook, intro info

TS Jazz, country, folk…

Body Paragraph 1TS Jazz – African/EuropeanSS slavery, incorporation

More Details

Body Paragraph 2TS Country – Immigration

SS Irish/English immigrantsMore Details

Body Paragraph 3TS Folk – Guitars and

VoicesSS 1950s/60sMore Details

Conclusion Paragraph

Essay Organization P. 7-8

Homework: Look at your paragraph outline. Change it to represent an essay.

Writing Tip: 1 Paragraph = 1 Idea

Beginning an Essay

Choose a topic from the following:

1. Brainstorm your ideas5 minutes

2. Outline your essay5 minutes

3. Raise your hand and Anthony will check your work.

Beginning an Essay• How the internet is

changing society.• How the internet is

changing education.• The benefits of

smartphones.• The drawbacks of

smartphones.

I. Introduction ParagraphA. Three points

II. Support Paragraph IA. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

III. Support Paragraph 2A. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

IV. Support Paragraph 3A. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

V. Concluding Paragraph

TOPIC

MAIN IDEAS

DETAILS

Brainstorming / Mind Mapping

P. 18

Topic

Think about:Who? What? When? Where?

Why? How?Benefits and Drawbacks

Main

IdeaDetails

Details

Brainstorming / Mind Mapping

P. 18

Choose a topic from the following:

1. Brainstorm your ideas5 minutes

2. Outline your essay5 minutes

3. Raise your hand and Anthony will check your work.

Homework:Type your outline in the “Personal Essay” document on Google Drive

Beginning an Essay• How the internet is

changing society.• How the internet is

changing education.• The benefits of

smartphones.• The drawbacks of

smartphones.

I. Introduction ParagraphA. Three points

II. Support Paragraph IA. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

III. Support Paragraph 2A. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

IV. Support Paragraph 3A. Main Support

1. Minor Supports

V. Concluding Paragraph

Introduction Paragraphs

The goal of the intro paragraph is to capture your reader’s interest and state your topic.

Hooks-A thought provoking question-A surprising fact-An interesting statistic-A quote-A problem-A story-A definition-Historical comparison-The opposite side’s opinion

Look at pages 28-29 for hookexamples!

1. A duck’s quack doesn’t echo.

2. According to researchers, 99% of all statistics are lies.

3. In many countries without the death penalty, serial killers and rapists often enjoy long lives in prison while their victims suffer forever.

4. Have you ever wondered what it would be like to be a machine?

5. Hillary Clinton once said that “There cannot be true democracy unless women's voices are heard.”

6. Every Halloween in ancient Rome, the most evil criminals were executed in public.

Intro Paragraphs P. 9

The goal of the intro paragraph is to capture your reader’s interest and state your main idea.

Hooks-A thought provoking question-A surprising fact-An interesting statistic-A quote-A problem-A story-A definition-Historical comparison-The opposite side’s opinion

Look at pages 28-29 for hookexamples!

Intro Guidelines-Starts general with a hook

start with a broad statement

-Connecting informationbegin narrowing down

topicusually gives background

information

-Ends specific with thesis statement

make it specific with a thesis statement

Intro Paragraphs P. 9

Like a topic sentence in a paragraph, an intro paragraph must have a thesis statement. The thesis states your main idea and focus.

It is the answer to the (research) question you will be asking/answering.THESIS features

States your topic and focus.

Be an overview of your points.

Not too specific.

Question: What role does the internet play in your life?

Thesis: The internet has had a significant impact on my life in terms of learning, creativity, and communication.

Question: Why do people become homeless?

Thesis: The lack of affordable housing, poor public assistance, and the breakdown of the family are three causes of homelessness.

controlling idea

predictors

Thesis Statements P. 9

Writing Tip: 3 Predictors is

Ideal

State your topic and focus. Be an overview of your points. Not too specific.

What is the topic, controlling idea, and predictors?

The pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China, and the city of Machu Picchu are all reflections of the societies that built them.

Fashion is an important part of cultural expression.

The study of literature can be divided into four sections: poetry, prose, essay, and drama.

Analyzing Thesis Statements

P. 9

Language Focus:Connectio

ns

Choppy SentencesWe write many sentences that share similar

ideas. These sentences can be combined. We can combine them to make a compound

sentence. Sometimes they aren’t combined. These are choppy sentences. And they are not

good sentences.

Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by

combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that

isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

Idea 1

Idea 2

Idea 3

Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by

combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that

isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, and it is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Moreover, players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Indeed, Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage, so they snore less.

And: conjunction connecting two ideas

Moreover: adverb for additional information

Indeed: emphasizing previous informationSo: conjunction to show effect

Choppy SentencesIdeas in sentences can be connected by

combining them to make compound sentences. Several sentences in a row without connections are called choppy sentences. A sentence that

isn’t choppy “flows”. The ideas are well connected and that makes the sentences good.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument. It is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage. They snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, and it is considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Moreover, players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. Indeed, Doctors have found scientific proof that this is true. Didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. They open up their air passage, so they snore less.

The didgeridoo is an Australian aboriginal instrument, considered the oldest of the wind instruments. Interestingly, doctors have found that players of the didgeridoo seem to snore less. This is because didgeridoo players breathe in a special way. Since they open up their air passage, they snore less.

And , : additional information

Interestingly : adverb for additional information

This is: referring to previous ideas Doctors…: shortening the sentence

Intro Paragraph Analysis

Introduction One

1.Technique: Story hook. 2.Issue Presentation: After the hook

transition.Hook transition explains / clarifies the hook:

“She is a typical young person in the world today.

Nowadays, our life itself is globalized.”

3. Focus:/Supporting Points: globalization is good because of economics, health, and culture.

Introduction One SCORE: 2.5What does this connecting information need?1. The author needs a better transition.

“She is a typical young person in the world today. Nowadays, our life itself is globalized.”

There is no connection between these sentences.. They are choppy.

“She is a typical person in today’s globalized world. Nowadays, allour lives are globalized.”

What’s wrong with thesis?2. The thesis contains unrelated information.

“Although some people worry that it aggravates the problem of obesity all over the world, globalization is good because we can benefit from it in three ways: economics, health, and culture.”

This is not about obesity or food, so the author must remove the unrelated information.

Introduction One REVISED

“She is a typical person in today’s

globalized world. Nowadays, all our

lives are globalized. Some people

worry that this globalization leads to

obesity, loss of culture, or economic

problems. However, this is not

necessarily true. In fact, we can

actually benefit from globalization (in

three ways: economics, health, and

culture).”

Writing Tip: Repetition of

key words helps create connections.

Repetition

Previous idea

Contrast connector

Emphasis connector

Introduction two

1.Technique: Question hook, presenting an argument2.Issue Presentation: After the transition

“Although standardized testing is a controversy around the world…”

3.Focus:/Supporting Points: testing improves the quality of education by motivating students and providing effective measurements.

Introduction two SCORE: 3.5

What’s wrong with this hook?1. The question hook is cliché (스테레오판 )

“Have you ever taken standardized tests?

What’s missing between the connecting idea and the thesis statement?2. The thesis needs a stronger transition word.

“…local governments will continue to use standardized tests…

Standardized tests improve quality of education in two ways…”

Introduction two REVISED

“…local governments will continue to use

standardized tests… This is because standardized

tests improve quality of education in two ways…”

Connects to previous idea

Introduction THREE

1.Technique: Presenting examples, then presenting a problem, then a quote

2.Issue Presentation: In the quote (topic) then the thesis statement (focus)

3.Focus:/Supporting Points: how globalization has influenced marriage recently.

Introduction THREE SCORE: 1.5

What’s wrong with the introduction paragraph?1. The hook is unrelated to the

focus of the paper.

“It is wonderful for people all over the world to communicate with each other through the internet, or to enjoy foods from the opposite side of the globe. … While many people debate the issue, globalization has influenced women’s expectations of marriage recently.”

Neither women nor marriage were mentioned in the connecting information.

Introduction THREE REVISION

In the article, “Globalization: Good or Bad?” Keith Porter (2004). … Many people debate the issue of globalization. It is responsible for both cross-cultural communication and cross-cultural tension. One specific area globalization has affected is marriage. Due to globalization, exposure to differing cultural notions of love, the presence of interethnic couples, and an improvement in women’s rights have caused serious changes to women’s expectations of marriage.

Hook / introducing the topic

Introducing the issue

Introducing the focus

Thes

is st

atem

ent

Connecting

Information

Connecting InformationBetween your hook and thesis statement you need some connecting information.Your hook should be general. Your thesis statement should be specific.The connecting information helps narrow down your writing.Hook

Thesis Statement

Introduction Paragraph

Connecting ideas usually

give background info

Introduce the problem being analyzed

Introduce your subject and / or controlling idea

Use connectors (see the appendix)

Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs are similar to regular paragraphs: they are about a single idea and they provide support (details, examples, facts, etc.)

The body paragraph is about one point of the thesis.

It has major supports – something that helps the paragraph’s main idea and the thesis.

There are also minor supports – something that helps the major support. These are usually details, facts, evidence, etc.

“body”

THESIS (~3 ideas) SUPPORT PARAGRAPH (1 idea) MAJOR SUPPORTS MINOR SUPPORTS

Body Paragraphs P. 4/ 11

A single paragraph has a topic sentence and conclusion. But a body paragraph in an essay often replaces these with a bridge.

A first sentence bridge connects to the previous paragraph.

A final sentence bridge connects to the next paragraph.

Bridges are made by using repetition of keywords, repetition of ideas, or the use of connectors.

A body paragrap

h can have 0, 1,

or 2 bridges.

Bridges P. 12

Final sentence bridge connects to next paragraph.

First sentence bridge connects to previous paragraph.

Bridges are used to make writing flow. Words like “First”, “Second”, “Next” make writing less smooth. Good writing means sentences and paragraphs are well connected.

To write a bridge, use an idea, keyword, and/or a connector to connect paragraphs.

1. Look at the bridges on page 12.

2. How are the bridges made?3. Work with a partner to

label the idea, keyword orconnector.

Bridges P. 12

Bridge Examples P. 13

In 1980 ... Vincent van Gogh has remained a popular artist because of the

vibrancy of his color in his paintings, the boldness of his brushstrokes, and

the tragedy of his life story.

Van Gogh is well known for using vivid colors. He liked

to use bright colors that overemphasized the colors in the real world ...

Van Gogh was emphasizing the amazing clarity of a starry night. Bright colors are just one of the reasons Van Gogh has left an enduring mark on the art world.

Another reason for van Gogh’s enduring popularity is the

boldness of his brushstrokes. … By looking at his paintings, you realize the

strength he had as a painter.

Unfortunately, he never realized this strength. During

his life, Van Gogh painted thousands of paintings, but he wasn’t successful

at making a living at it. …

1

2

3

4

A conclusionHas a transition word or sentence,

-don’t use in conclusion, in sum, in the end,, in the endMakes a final analysis / summary of points

-show how they all are related by synthesizing (종합하다 ) ideasLeaves a final comment

-prediction, opinion, suggestion, solutionLeaves a lasting impression / makes the reader think

-should affect the reader in some way, shorter is betterDoesn’t add any new ideas

In conclusion, Van Gogh is beloved as a painter after so many years because the colors and brushstrokes that characterize his paintings urge the viewer to look more closely and see the brilliance of his work. Unhappily, he is also remembered because of the sadness in his life. The greatest sadness, of course, is that he never knew what an enduring body of work he left behind.

Conclusions P. 14

Language FocusPresent Participle Adjectives vs. Past Participle Adjectives

Ing is bored because Ed is boring.Doing the actionIng received the action

to bore

boring(action)

bored(feeling)

Ing is bored because Ed is boring.

Ing and Ed are taking an ___1____ class, but Ed is not doing well

because he is an __2___ student. Ed always interrupts the class.

Doing the actionIng received the action

1. interest 2. annoy