M UThc phm l nhu cu cn thit cho s sng v pht trin ca loi ngi. Thi k s khai, thc phm n gin c v phng php ch bin v bo qun. Khi khoa hc k thut pht trin nhanh chng th vic ch bin lng thc thc phm cng c nhng bc tin ln. Ngnh cng nghip thc phm ra i gp phn lm tng cht lng, gi tr cng nh thi gian bo qun ca thc phm. Nhng thnh tu mi nht ca khoa hc k thut c con ngi ng dng vo sn xut v ch bin lng thc, thc phm. Hu ht cc loi thc phm sau ch bin u b nh hng bi cc yu t bn ngoi nh nc, t, bi, oxi, vi sinh vt..V vy chng phi c cha ng trong cc bao b kn. Bao b ca thc phm ng vai tr quan trng trong vic to ra s sn c cho sn phm v gi cho sn phm khng b mt i thnh phn dinh dng ca n. N cng gip cho vic vn chuyn cc loi thc phm tr nn d dng v hiu qu hn t ni sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng. Trn bao b khch hng cng c th nm c cc thng tin v thnh phn dinh dng ca sn phm cng nh cc thng tin khc. Ngy nay, bao b c s dng nh l cng c tip th t c gi tr gia tng cho sn phm. Ring i vi ngnh CNTP th t l chi ph cho bao b ngy cng cao so vi tng chi ph sn xut thc phm ss. T a n s cnh tranh cao nhm gim gi thnh sn phm v yu cu vt liu bao b t tnh nng cao. S chuyn bin c tnh chin lc ca cng ngh thc phm yu cu ngnh bao b pht trin mnh m v lng cng nh v cht vi mng nguyn liu plastic n, mng phc hp, lon thp trng thic, chai l nha, chai l thy tinh, ba cng cc loi... Cng vi s pht trin ca x hi loi ngi th nhu cu tm kim cc vt liu thay th cho cc vt liu c gy nhim mi trng l rt cn thit. Vi c im nh, bn, tin li, d trang tr, chng c cc va chm c hc v c bit l thn thin vi mi trng, bao b giy c s dng rt rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc v ng vai tr quan trng trong vic bao gi, vn chuyn cc sn phm thc phm. Tm hiu v bao b giy, chng ta s bit c nhiu li ch, chc nng v s a dng ca loi bao b ny trong nghnh ch bin, bo qun thc phm cng nh trong i sng.
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CHNG I : S LC V BAO B THC PHM I. nh ngha, phn loi bao b 1.1. nh ngha bao b :Bao b l vt cha ng, bao bc thc phm thnh n v l bn. Bao b c th bao gm nhiu lp bao bc, c th ph kn hon ton hay ch bao bc mt phn sn phm.
1.2. Phn loi:Bao b gm 2 loi: + Bao b kn + Bao b h a) Bao b kn: Bao b kn cha ng sn phm lm nhim v ngn cch mi trng bn ngoi khng th xm nhp vo mi trng bn trong cha thc phm nhm m bo cht lng thc phm khng b bin i trong sut thi hn bo qun. Loi bao b kn hon ton c dng bao bc nhng thc phm ch bin cng nghip, m bo cht lng sn phm sau qu trnh sn xut v trong sut thi gian lu hnh trn th trng cho n tay ngi tiu dng. b) Bao b h: - Gm 2 dng: + Bao b h bao gi trc tip cc loi rau qu hoc hng ha ti sng, cc loi thc phm khng bo qun lu, ch bin n ngay. + Bao b bc bn ngoi lp bao b cha ng trc tip thc phm, to s xp khi sn phm thun tin, an ton trong vn chuyn hoc lu kho. Tnh cht bao b kn hay h c quyt nh bi vt liu lm bao b, cch ghp kn cc m ca bao b. Vt liu lm bao b kn phi p ng tnh chng thm tt c cc yu t t mi trng bn ngoi cng nh bn trong ca bao b : khng kh, oxy, hi nc, mi hng Cc loi bao b thc phm thng dng : + Bao b Giy. + Bao b kim loi. + Bao b thy tinh. + Bao b gm s. + Bao b nha. + Bao b tng hp.
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II. Lch s pht trin vt liu bao b:Thi k , vt cha ng thc n thc ung chnh l nhng khc g rng, nhng qu bu b kh, v s, c hoc nhng b phn ca th rng nh da, xng, sng...H cng bit dt ti cha t c hoc lng th... n thi k mi, con ngi bit ch to cha bng kim loi v pht hin ra t st ch to gm. Hn 1500 nm TCN, con ngi bit ch to ra l thy tinh cha cht lng. Vo th k 15, triu i nh Minh Trung Quc thit lp trung tm trao i thng mi gm s vi vng Nam, Ty v Ai Cp. Cng vo thi k ny, cc vng dn c vt ng xa trao i lng thc hng ha cho nhau. Do , cc phng php bo qun lng thc p ng yu cu vn chuyn trong thi gian di qua nhng vng kh hu khc nghit bt u c pht hin v bit n: ng cc c n nh nhit v lm m trong qu trnh vn chuyn trong nhng ti da pha ct v xon ming ti li t kn.
III. Chc nng ca bao b thc phm:c tnh ca bao b thc phm c th hin qua 3 chc nng: m bo s lng v cht lng thc phm. Thng tin, gii thiu sn phm, thu ht ngi tiu dng. Thun tin trong phn phi, lu kho, qun l v tiu dng.
3.1. m bo s lng v cht lng:
- m bo thc phm c cha bn trong khng thay i v khi lng hay th tch. - Cht lng ca sn phm thc phm phi lun c m bo trong sut thi hn s dng ca sn phm: + Thc phm sau khi ch bin phi c ng bao b kn nhm trnh tc ng ca mi trng bn ngoi ln sn phm. + Tc nhn bn ngoi c th l: Nc, hi nc, khng kh (c cha O2), VSV, t, ct, bi, cn trng v cc tc nhn vt l khc... VSV xm nhp vo thc phm thng qua s xm nhp ca nc, hi nc, khng kh t ct c a vo thc phm cng vi s xm nhp ca cn trng nh sng l tc nhn xc tc cho 1 s phn v mu, mi ca thc phm. Nh vy bao b kn cha ng thc phm, thc hin nhim v phng chng tt c cc tc ng bn ngoi.S phng chng ny ty thuc vo vt liu lm bao b, phng php ng gi v mi hn ghp m, hoc mi ghp gia cc b phn nh thn v np, bn vng ca bao b ngoi.3
3.2. Thng tin, gii thiu sn phm, thu ht ngi tiu dng:Bao b cha ng thc phm cng thc hin nhim v truyn ti thng tin ca nh sn xut n tay ngi tiu dng, ni ln gi tr ca sn phm v mt dinh dng, trng thi, cu trc, mi v, ngun nguyn liu, nh sn xut, quc gia ch bin ra sn phm. - Cch trnh by hnh nh, mu sc, thng hiu, tn sn phm chnh l s thu ht ca sn phm i vi ngi tiu dng. Bao b phi lun c trnh by vi hnh thc p, ni bt v trang tr hi ha, thch hp vi th hiu ca ngi tiu dng. - Bao b c mt phn hoc hon ton trong sut cho php nhn thy thc phm bn trong, gip khch hng c s la chn d dng. i vi thc phm cn trnh nh hng tc ng ca nh sng th bao b c cu to che chn mt phn hay ton b nh sng. VD: V sao sa ti ng gi trong hp giy? Nhiu nghin cu cho thy cc loi vitamin quan trng rt nhy cm vi nh sng. c bit, nh sng mt tri rt nguy hi vi vitamin v nh sng t n hunhquang cc quy hng ti ca hng bn l cng to ra nhng tc ng khng nh. Nghin cu vi vitamin A cho thy lng vitamin ny mt i 50% khi trc tip di nh n hunh quang trong 6h, vitamin B2 gim 40% trong vng 12h, vitamin C cng gim st. S dng loi bao b khng troong sut nh hp giy s gip lm gim ng k s mt i ca vitamin.
3.3 Thun li trong lu kho, phn phi v qun l tiu dng:Bao b ngoi c chn v thit k theo cc nguyn tc: - Bn vng, chc chn. - Dng khi ch nht cha mt s lng ln v nht nh i vi mt hoc nhiu chng loi thc phm. - Cha ng nhiu chng loi thc phm. - Bt k bao b trc tip bao bc thc phm bt k dng no cng cn c lp bao b ph bc bn ngoi bo v cho lp bao b ny to thnh khi ch nht nhm d dng xp khi, ng thnh kin c kch thc nh nhau tin xp vo kho, cht chng ln cao tit kim mt bng, v cng to s nhanh chng, d dng khi bc d, vn chuyn. - Bn cnh s thun li trong vn chuyn, cch bao b nhiu lp v to thnh khi cng gip sn phm trnh hoc gim nh hng ca va chm c hc, c th gy v, h hng sn phm. N cng to iu kin qun l hng ha mt cch d dng v hiu qu hn. - Bao b ngoi c th ti s dng, ti sinh d dng trong trng hp bng vt liu giy ba cng.Ngoi ra, vic bao b cn nhm thun tin trong vic s dng: bao b c th c x nhanh 1 cch d dng v c 1 vt ct nh ba bao b hay vt rng ca u hn dn m bao b, khng cn phi dng
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dng c ct nh dao, ko. Trn bao b kn hay h, trc tip hay gin tip u c ghi m s m vch, gip cng tc qun l v s lng chng loi hiu qu. Hin nay cng tc qun l c n gin v chnh xc nh vo h thng m s m vch, my scan v h thng vi tnh, d liu c nhp v truy xut 1 cch nhanh chng v chnh xc.
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CHNG II: BAO B GIY2.1. Lch s pht trin ca bao b giyTrc khi pht minh ra giy, con ngi ghi chp li cc vn kin ln cc hnh v trong cc hang ng hoc khc ln cc tm bia bng t st, v sau na l ngi ta dng da lu tr cc vn kin. Giy c pht minh nhm mc ch thay th cho , g, v cy, da th m loi ngi dng vit ln trc . Sau , k thut sn xut giy pht trin khng ngng. + K t khi ngi Trung Quc pht minh ra giy vo nm 105, giy bt u c s dng rng ri Trung Quc. Ngi pht minh l Ts'ai Lun, ng ly phn bn trong v thn cy du tm v x cy tre em trn vi nc ri gi nt vi dng c bng g, xong hn hp ln tm vi v to ra giy. + Khong nm 400 ngi n bit lm giy. Sau khong 500 nm sau, dn Abbasid Caliphate bt u dng giy. + Ngi theo o Islam dng giy rt sm, t n ti Ty Ban Nha, trong lc ngi theo o Thin cha vn cn dng giy da. + Nm 751,dn Arp sng trong thnh ph Samarkan, trong Kasakhstan -khong 800 km t bin gii Trung quc b qun i Trung quc tn cng. Qun i Arp thng trn bt cc t binh Trung quc bit k thut lm giy. i ly t do , ngi Trung quc truyn li ngh lm giy. Ngi rp bit lm giy t v cch lm giy c lan trn nhanh chng trong dn Arp. Vo th k th X, ngi rp dng bng vi ch giy c loi giy mng tt. + Khong nm 1100, v Espagne ui dn Arp i nhng ngnh sn xutgiy c gi vng. Ti , ti liu c xa nht c vit trn giy xa nht c dng ln vua Roger ca Sicile, ghi nm 1102. + u nhng nm 1200 Thin cha gio thng ch ngi Ty Ban Nha theo o Islam, nh vy m h hc cch lm giy ni ngi o Islam. Nm 1250 ngi bt u hc cch lm giy v bn khp chu u. + Nm 1338 cc gio s Php bt u ch giy ly. + Nm 1411 tc l sau 15 th k t khi Ts'ai Lun pht minh ra giy, ngi c mi bt u sn xut giy. + Nm 1450 ngnh bo ch v my in ra i do Johannes Gutenberg. + Nm 1690: My nghin bt giy u tin c sn xut ti USA, bi William Rittenhouse Nicholas-Louis Robert, ci tin v a ra m hnh sn xut lin tc vo nm 1799. + Nm 1800, giy ba gn sng c pht minh. N c s dng lm bao b cho a s cc loi sn phm v n c tnh bn cao, dai, chng li nhng tc ng c hc, thun tin khi vn chuyn. Ngoi ra, giy ba gn sng cn c th ti sn xut, tit kim nguyn liu, t gy nhim mi trng.6
Nm 1803: My sn xut giy lin tc u tin c cp bng sng ch. + Nm 1854: Ti Anh ln u tin bt giy t g c sn xut. + Nm 1871: Giy gp np ln u tin xut hin nh vt liu bao b cho thy tinh v ng khi n du. + Nm 1894: Carton sng c x rnh v ct lm thnh cc thng u tin. Cty Well Fargo bt u s dng thng carton sng cho vic vn chuyn cc kin hng nh bng ng bin. + Nm 1903: Carton sng ln u tin c chp thun l vt liu dng vn chuyn ng thy hp l v thng dng vn chuyn ng cc. Ngy nay,bao b giy c s dugj rng ri trong cng nghip thc phm v i sng.
2.2. Phn loi bao b giy:Bao b giy c phn lm 2 loi chnh : Bao b cng. Bao b mm. Bao b nhiu lp. a. Bao b mm bao gm cc loi : + Giy Kraft (giy gi hng). + Giy chng thm du m (glasine). + Giy da (parchment). + Giy sp (waxed). + Mt s loi bao b giy khc. b. Bao b cng bao gm cc loi : + Giy ba c. + Giy ba carton. + Giy sng. c. Bao b nhiu lp.
2.3. c im ca bao b giy:a. u im: + S dng a dng. + R tin, d thch ng c vi nhiu sn phm thc phm. + D in n to nn s a dng, phong ph v hp dn cho sn phm. + Bao b bng carton ngy cng thng dng do c nhiu u im nh : nh, bn, d trang tr,chng c va chm c hc nn bo v c sn phm nht l cc sn phm c bao b bng thy tinh, kim loi.. + D ch to cng nghip hng lot, d tiu chun ha. + C kh nng ti ch v ti s dng v l loi bao b thn thin vi mi trng.
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b. Nhc im: + D rch, thm nc, thm kh, kh nng chng xuyn thm km. + Khng chu c mi trng m, khi b m bn c hc gim i nhanh chng. m cho php m bo tnh bn ca giy l 6 7%. + Quy cch c quy nh bi trng lng trn 1 n v din tch giy: g/m2.
2.4. Yu cu cht lng giy:Cc tiu chun dng nh gi cht lng giy bao gm: trng, nh lng giy, dy, cng, c, trong, bn x, chiu di t, m, ht nc, kim, sn, nhm, tro v khi lng ring... a. Theo nh lng: - Giy la, giy mng: 40 g/m. - Giy: 40 - 120 g/m - Giy ba: 120 - 200 g/m b. Theo mu sc: - Nu: giy cha ty trng. - Trng: giy ty trng. - Giy mu: giy ty trng v nhum mu dye hoc pigment. c. Theo ng dng: - Cng nghip: giy bao b, giy gi, giy lc, giy cch in... - Vn ha: giy vit, giy in, giy bo, giy in tin.. - Lng thc: giy gi thc phm, giy gi ko, giy ti ch... d. Theo vt liu: - Si g: giy sn xut t si g - Nng sn: rm, c.. - Ti ch: rc thi hoc bt giy th cp. e. Theo x l b mt: - Giy trng: trng cao lanh hoc cc hp cht v c khc - Giy khng trng: khng trng cao lanh hoc cc hp cht v c khc. - Giy trng nhm, thic, hp cht cao phn t... d. Theo k thut kt thc qu trnh qu trnh sn xut: - Giy cn lng v siu cn lng. - Giy trng men. - Giy c b mt c lm bng 1 mt hoc c 2 mt.
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CHNG III : CU TO BAO B GIY3.1. Gii thiu :Bao b lm t vt liu xellulo gi tt l bao b giy, bao b giy c pht trin ca nghnh cng nghip giy v xenllulo. Si xellulo c khai thc t thc vt (tre, na, g, rm, r,b ma..) v c xeo thnh cc mng mng, t cc mng mng ngi ta to nn nguyn liu lm bao b c dy v kch thc khc nhau ty theo i tng s dng. Ngy nay giy chim hn phn na trong tng s nguyn liu lm bao b. Nh tin b ca khoa hc k thut, giy cc loi c sn xut i tr vi gi thnh thp. Mt s c tnh ca giy: + Giy l vt liu lu i khng gy hi mi trng, c x l c th tng cng tnh khng hi m, chng oxy ha, khng vi khun... + Giy c th lm t nguyn liu rm r, g vn, v cy, bt g, giy thi, g thn mm, g thn cng. + Cht lng giy c quyt nh bi nguyn liu cellulose ban u hn l cc cht ph gia, chnh l chiu di ca cellulose. Ngoi ra, t trng ca g cng nh hng ln n cu to ca giy. Ngy nay giy chim hn phn na trong tng s nguyn liu lm bao b. Nh tin b ca khoa hc k thut, giy cc loi c sn xut i tr vi gi thnh thp.
3.2. Nguyn liu lm bao b giy:Loi nguyn liu G mm 2 G cng 3 Rm (la go, la m) B m Tre Lanh L da di Si cotton Chiu di si L (mm) 4 2 0,5 - 1,5 1,7 2,8 55 2,8 30 ng knh si d (m) 20 22 9 - 13 20 15 20 21 20 T s L/d 100 90 60 - 120 80 180 2600 130 1500
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3.3. c tnh ca nguyn liu: Thnh phn chnh ca cc t bo g: - Cellulose - Hemicellulose - Lignin
Cu to:a. G thn mm: - C cu to t 40 - 50% cellulose, 15 - 25% hemicellulose, 26 30% lignin. - Cu to si cellulose di gp 2,5 ln so vi g thn cng. - C bn c hc hn so vi g thn cng. - Phi ct g sao cho khng ph v si cellulose v phi loi b lignin tch si cellulose v gip chng sp xp song song. - Si cellulose c th b gy nt trong cc cng on ch bin giy. - Si cellulose c th c sp xp li v tr bng p sut. - C th dng ph gia nh casein, protein u nnh hoc tinh bt to lp o bn ngoi tm giy. - Ngy nay, nh tin b k thut m giy c x l p ng tt c cc mc ch s dng khc nhau. b. Cc loi giy bao gi lm bao b thc phm: - Ngi ta dng giy c trng 1 mng plastic hoc mng plastic vi Al l chng thm kh nhm ngn cn tc ng ca mi trng ngoi ln thc phm. - Giy ba cng, giy kraft dng lm ba carton gn sng chim lng cao, giy dng gi thc phm chim s lng nh. - Ngoi ra, giy ba cng cn dng lm hp, lm ti ng qu .
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Mng Cellulose
3.4. Cu to Bao b mm: 3.4.1. Giy Krafta. Tnh cht: Cng, dy, vng chc; thng dng gi hng. Dng trong cng nghip bao gi nhiu nht. b. Phn loi Khng ty trng: c mu nu sng, rt bn. C mt s loi khng c cn phng b mt rp. Thng c dng lm ti ng - Ty trng hoc bn ty trng: mu trng, kh bn. Dng ng cc sn phm cn b ngoi p, sch (thc phm, thuc,..) Loi b sung ht polyamide hoc polyamine: tng bn, dai c.ng dng : Ti ng gia v : 40% Bao b nhiu lp : 38% Giy bao : 17% Khc : 5%
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Mt s hnh nh v giy Kraft
Giy Kraft cun.
Giy Kraft cun.
Ti lm bng giy Kraft
M giy Kraft 2gi nm13
3.4.2. Giy chng thm du m ( Glassine )a. Tnh cht: c sn xut khi nho trn k b giy. i khi c ph sp hoc keo trn b mt hoc gia cc lp. c cn di tc ng ca nhit v p sut. C th b sung ph gia tng thm tnh nng nh: mm, do (b sung ht nha); kh nng chng mc, men, kh nng chng oxyha... b. ng dng: Giy chng thm du m c dng lm ti, bao, hp ng thc phm, thuc l, ha cht, sn phm t kim loi. Lm bao b nhiu lp.
Giy nn khng thm m
Giy thm du Kokusal c dai cao, khng b rch.
Giy thm du
Giy lc du
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3.4.3. Giy Da ( Parchment )Giy Da cn c gi l giy da thc vt. a. Tnh cht: i khi giy chng thm cng c gi l giy da. Giy da thc s c sn xut bng cch nhng cun giy cha ngm ha cht vo dung dch acid sulfuric, sau c ra v lm kh. c tnh: bn, kh rch, chng thm cao, chu c nhit cao, khng mi, v.. b. ng dng: ng c cc sn phm c m v nhit cao; Bao gi, hoc lm ti ng cc sn phm m, cha du; sn phm ng lnh hoc kh. Lm lp lt cho cc thng carton.
Giy gi da th k 16 ca Php
3.4.4. Giy Sp (Waxed paper)a. Tnh cht: c ph sp: theo cng ngh kh hoc t. Thng dng: + Parrafin sp: nhit nng chy 46 74oC. + Microcrystalline sp (sp vi kt tinh): nhit nng chy 54 88oC. + Petrolatum (m bi trn): nhit nng chy 41 520C. c tnh: chng thm nc v du cao, gi thnh thp, c th hn nhit. b. ng dng: ng thc phm, x bng, thuc l. ng cc sn phm cn chng m.
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3.4.5. Giy bng knhGiy bng knh, giy bng trong v giy bng m c ch to cng cch thc nh giy khng thm m, nhng giai on cui cng ca ch to, n t ti trong sut c trng v dy c tng ln so vi thnh phn bi cc thao tc lp i lp li ht m v lng bng di p lc cc xilanh nng ca my cn l hng nng. Giy cn l trong sut tng t c ch to ngy nay bi mt quy trnh tng t khi thm vo bt cc cht plastic hoc cc cht liu khc.
Giy bng m Giy bng knh phn ln l chng thm km hn so vi giy sunphua ha hoc giy khng thm m, c th c dng nh giy bao gi thc phm, bnh ko, hoa, ch to phong b cho giao dch..
3.4.6. Mt s loi bao b mm khc:- Giy trn ethylene vinyl acetate hoc polyvinyl alcohol : lm tng kh nng hn nhit. Do vy loi giy ny c s dng ng thc phm hoc lm nhn. - Giy chng n mn. - Giy chng nhim c cht.
3.5. Cu to Bao b cng:a. u im: - D trang tr, in n, to ntng, to dng cng nh nim phong. - chc chn cha cc sn phm cng nh cc loi bao b khc cha trong n. - D to ra c nhiu hnh dng kch c khc nhau.
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- D dng kt dnh cc mt cn li nn khng tn cng sc trong vic to hnh. - Khng gy nhim mi trng, thng c sn xut bng giy ti sinh. b. Nhc im: - D thm nc, thmdu. - Khng ngn cch c sn phm hon ton vi khng kh. Trong trng hp mun kn hon ton phi dng kt hp vi cc loi bao b khc. Nu x l khng c k th c kh nng b vi sinh vt xm nhp vo bao b. c. ng dng: - Dng lm hp, thng, khay ng thcphm. - Thng c lm bng thng ng bn ngoi cc loi bao b khc. Trong mt vi trng hp cng c lm bao b trc tip tip xc vi sn phm thc phm. - c phi trn vi cc loi vt liu khc to nn nhng tnh nng mi cho bao b nh: khng thm nc, khng thm du.
3.5.1. Giy ba c :- Bao b c sn xut bng phng thc c (moulded paper packaging : MPP). - Sn xut bng giy ti sinh. - Thng c dng sn xut cc khay ng trng, ng tri cy, hoc cc chai nh. Quy trnh snxut: - Giy c bin thnh bt nho di tcng ca nc, cho thm mu khi sn xut bao b mu) hoc thm sp khi sn xut bao b khng thm nc vo bt giy). - Bt nho c chia lm 2 phn: mt phn to thnh mt dng li c nhng l kch c bng nhau; mt phn c trt ln cc l v dng p lc nn vo khun. - Sau khi to hnh, ton b y khay c nhng vo bt nho to thnh mt lp mng u, p xung quanh. - Khay c lm xong vn cn m s c em i sy kh.
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Bao b ng trng
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3.5.2. Giy ba Carton :*** Giy ba Carton thng dng lm hp,thng ng hu ht cc loi sn phm c nm trong bao b khc. Dng nh ng tng n v mt nh: bnh, ko, bt, bnh snack, tr, c ph Dng ln ng nhiu n v nh: nc ngt, sa, m tmC th dng lm bao b trc tip vi: mui, go, m, gia v... Giy ba Carton c lm t si cellulose. - nh lng: 250 500g /m2 - Giy ba Carton gm hai lp vt liu giy khc nhau, ghp khng dng keo dn. *** Giy sng Carton : l giy ba Carton c phi hp vi ba cng c trng lng nh v chu lc cao. Giy sng Carton c c im trng lng nh v chu lc cao nn thng c s dng lm bao b vn chuyn, c kh nng bo v chc chn, kinh t v hiu qu. Giy sng c sn xut trn my c tc 50 -200m/pht, kh rng hn 2 m, v c th c ghp2, 3, 5 hoc 7 lp.
My sn xut bao b catton sng
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My sn xut bao b catton sng
Quy trnh sn xut bao b catton sng20
a. u, nhc im: u im ca carton: Tng i r tin sn xut v s dng. Trng lng nh, d dng ct hoc un. Chu lc nn, bc tt. a dng kiu dng, mu m thng hoc hp. Phong ph mu sc mu in vi cng ngh in Flexo & Offset. H tr nhiu kiu lp rp (ng ghim, dn, gi). Nh gn, d dng xp li lu tr dng phng. Bo v tt thc phm, chng thm tt (cn chng thm). D dng m ph b mt, d dng dp ni (hp). D dng sa cha, thay i kiu dng ban u. D dng x l, ti sinh. D dng phn hy sinh hc, thn thin mi trng. Nhc im ca carton: Cht lng gim dn theo thi gian lu tr, s dng. K nc v k la. b. ng dng: - Vi trng lng nh, kh nng chu lc cao, hp, thng Carton c dng cha v bo v hng lot cc sn phm trong sut chu k phn phi. Khch hng s thy thng Carton mang cc thit b ln nh khc nhau nh ph tng xe, thit b nng - cng nghip, bia, ru, tri cy, thc phm v ch l 1 phn trong nhng ng dng ca thng Carton. - Nhn bit Giy ba Carton: bao gm mt mt trng v mt mt xm, hoc c hai mt trng.
Hp carton lu tr tp ch
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Bo qun & bo v cc vt cha bn trong
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Mu m p & phong ph, chu lc tt
Hp carton ng qu hoc m phm
Bao b thn thin vi mi trng.
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3.6. Tm hiu v sng CartonKhong 80% thng Carton ang s dng trn th gii c lm t nguyn liu ti ch. Giy ba gn sng hin nay c th c ghp t 2, 3, 5 hoc 7 lp. Cc dn sng c hnh vng cung nhm mc ch tng kh nng chu lc.
3.6.1. Cc loi sng giy v tnh chtC 4 loi sng chnh to nn cc rnh v vng un ln ca giy tm Carton, bao gm : sng A, sng B, sng C v sng E. c im tng ng ca cc loi sng ny c lit k trong bng di y:
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S khc nhau gia cc loi sng giy:
c im ca cc loi gn sng:+ Loi gn sng A: C bc sng di v chiu cao sng cao c c tnh chu lc va chm tt, ng thi sng A chu lc phn tn trn b mt tm t np ti y l tt nht trong cc loi sng (Sng C t hn khong 15% v sng B l khong 25%). Giy ny dng ng gi cc loi hng ha c th b nh hng bi va chm c hc.
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+ Loi gn sng B: c bc sng ngn v chiu cao sng thp, c kh nng chu va chm c hc, c bit c kh nng chu ti trng nng. D giy ba gn sng kiu B ch yu c dng ng gi cc hng ha c ti trng cao nh hp. Sng B l loi sng cho b mt phng tt nht (nhiu hn khong 50% so vi sng A, v khong 25% so vi sng C).
+ Loi gn sng C: kt hp nhng cs tnh ca loi A v B nn c tnh nng chu c ti trng v va chm. Loi sng ph bin nht hin nay l sng C. Thay th phn ln sng A nh rnh t hn sng A khong 15%.
+ Loi gn sng E: c bc sng ngn v chiu cao sng rt thp nn kh nng chu ti trng cng nh va chm u rt km. Sng E l loi sng rt mng, thng c dng cho thng ng cc vt nh hoc gi . Sng E thng l giy mu trng vi nhiu mu sc in bn ngoi.
3.6.2. Cc loi giy tm Carton:Bao b carton bao gm nhiu loi: 1lp, 2 lp,3 lp,5 lp hoc 7 lp.Cc loi sng ph bin trong tm Carton l sng AF, BF v ABF. Cht lng & kt cu ca mi loi tm Carton c thit k c bit ty theo tng ng dng. Lp giy ph b mt c th l mu trng, nu hoc vng.
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a. Bao b carton 1 lp Hp giy 1 lp c kt cu 1 lp giy. Nguyn liu ch yu l giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 250-400g/m2
b. Bao b carton 2 lp(1 lp mt + 1 lp sng)Hp giy 2 lp c kt cu : mt lp giy mt v mt lp giy sng trung bnh. Nguyn liu l giy Kraft nu, giy Duplex trngCh c dng cho mc ch gi , c nh sn phm hoc l ming m cho ni tht. Dng ny khng c s dng sn xut cc loi hp.
Bao b carton 2 lp27
c. Bao b carton 3 lp (1 lp mt + 1 lp sng + 1 lp y) Hp giy 3 lp c kt cu : 3 lp giy gm mt lp giy mt,mt lp giy sng sng trung bnh gia v mt lp giy y. Thc t c hn 90% thng carton s dng Tm carton dng 3 lp ny. Nguyn liu ch yu c s dng t giy Kraft vng n giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 130 180g/m2
Thng dng nht l thng Carton 3 lp gm cc lp chnh
Mu ca hp Chocolate thng dng hin nay.28
c. Bao b carton 5 lp (1 lp mt + 3 lp sng + 1 lp y) Hp giy 5 lp c kt cu : c kt cu 35 lp giy: mt lp giy mt, hai lp giy sng, mt lp y cch gia hai lp sng v mt lp y. Nguyn liu ch y c s dng t giy Kraft vng n giy Duplex trng c nh lng t 130 180g/m2. Dng ny c dng cho cc ng dng cn chu lc cao. c bit c dng lm bao b xut khu.
d. Bao b carton 7 lp (1 lp mt + 5 lp sng + 1 lp y): Thng carrton 7 lp l loi thng c cu to bi hai lp giy mt, ba lp giy sng v hai lp giy lt gia trong . Tng cng l 7 lp giy Loi thng ny c sn xut trn cc loi giy Vit Nam, giy i Loan, giy Thi. Ch mt vi nh sn xut lm loi tm carton ny. c s dng ch yu trong ngnh cng nghip cn chu lc tht cao.
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3.7. Bao b hn hpLoi bao b hn hp bap gm s c mt ca nhiu lp bao b kt hp vi nhau,trong bao b giy l thnh phn ch yu gp phn to nn cc loi bao b hn hp. *** Giy c trng ph cc mng plastic hoc mng nhm - Ngi ta dng giy c trng 1 mng plastic hoc mng plastic vi Al l chng thm kh nhm ngn cn tc ng ca mi trng ngoi ln thc phm. - Giy ny c kh nng chng thm kh hi rt cao mt trong ln mt ngoi nhm ngn cn hn ton tc ng ca mi trng ln thc phm. - u im ca loi bao b ny l siu nh nhng bn v dai.(v d bao b sa tit trng cc loi..) - Bao b giy c th bo qun tt vitamin, dng cht hn cc loi bao b khc khi b phn hu di nh sng mt tri. Theo cc chuyn gia, lng vitamin ng trong chai thu tinh gim i 40% khi b chiu sng trong vng 12 gi nhng vi Bao b giy, vitamin khng h b suy gim. Ngun nguyn liu trng b mt giy chng thm bao gm: Du ha c sn xut t du m th hoc t thn nu. Du ny c thm cao v im nng chy nm gia 52 -560C. N c thm vo giy bng cch ngm giy vo du dng lng, hoc phun n ln b mt giy. Sp hay parafin rn l nguyn liu c ngun gc t cng ngh tinh lc du ha c un n im nng chy trn 800oC v thm thu vo giy hoc phun ln giy.30
Mng polyetylen hay polypropylene ph ln b mt giy hoc thm thu dng nha lng. Loi giy c nng cao tnh chng thm bng nha thng c dng trong sn xut giy ba gn sng v giy ba cng lm nhng bao b vn chuyn Nhng vt liu plastic khc nh polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylaxetat, polyvinylacrylat, cellulose, ete, latex, thng c dng lm cc bao b p mt. Nhng vt liu ny thng c ph ln mt giy v c p nhit. Giy c x l nh vy gi l giy trng b mt, c tnh khng thm nc hay m. L nhm cng thng c dng cng vi giy. V d: giy ci tin c lm thnh 3 lp : Lp th nht thng l giy, lp gia l nhm v lp th 3 l lp polyetylen. Cui cng sn phm l mt vt liu bn chc c th chng thm hi nc v hi ga v rt thch hp cho bao b thc phm. V d : Cu to hp sa:
Cu to: - V hp c xp thnh 6 lp khc nhau, 6 lp ca bao b giy c thit k mi lp u c nhng tc dng nht nh trong vic bo v thc phm. - Lp th nht nm trong cng, tip xc vi thc phm th c lm t polyetylen v bao bc kn thc phm. - Lp th hai c lm t polyetylen v ng vai tr kt dnh lp mt v lp th ba. - Lp th ba l lp nhm, c nhim v lm ro chn chng li cc31
nh hng c hi ca khng kh v nh sng. - Lp th t c lm t nilon v c nhim v kt dnh lp th ba v lp th nm - Lp th nm l lp giy ba to hnh dng v d cng cho hp giy . - Lp th su c lm t nilon c tc dng ngn cn m t bn ngoi xm nhp vo.
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CHNG IV: BAO B GIY IN HNHBao b thc phm ni chung v bao b kim loi ni ring l yu t quan trng cu thnh sn phm thc phm hon chnh. Ta s tm hiu v sn phm Bnh Custas vi vai tr v tm quan trng bao b giy c th hin qua cc chc nng ca n.
4.1. Chc nng bo vTrong qu trnh bo qun v lu thng hng ha, thc phm lun lun b tc ng bi nhiu yu t khc nhau nn d b h hng. Vi bao b ca thc phm ng hp bng carton c chc nng bo v sn phm bn trong khi tc ng ca cc yu t: + Nhit ,nh sng trc tip ca mi trng, bi v cc cht gy hi th kh d xm nhp. + Tc ng c hc trong qu trnh bc d, vn chuyn, ng thng, bo qun sn phm khng b ri ra ngoi i vi thc phm tht, c, bnh V th bao b bng carton s bo v sn phm trnh b h hng v bo qun c trong mt thi gian di. + Trnh s xm nhp ph hoi ca cc loi cn trng ( gin, chut, kin.. ) Tuy c nhc im l chu tc ng c hc km nhng khi sn phm c ng thnh hp, cc hp c cha trong thng carton nhiu lp th vn bo v tt sn phm bn trong.
4.2. Chc nng thng tin:Trn bao b ca tt c cc sn phm ng hp u c cung cp y thng tin cn thit v sn phm , bao gm: Tn sn phm: bnh custas cao cp Ni sn xut: sn xut ti cng ty TNHH thc phm ORION VINA - (M):khu cng nghip M Phc II, huyn Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng,Vit Nam33
+ in thoi: +(84)-650-3567745-46 + Fax: +(84)-650-3567747 - (Y) khu cng nghip Yn Phong,x Yn Trung,huyn Yn Phong,tnh Bc Ninh.Vit Nam + in thoi: +(84)-241-3699000 + Fax: +(84)-241-3699111 Theo bn quyn tp on ORION,Hn Quc Thnh phn v hm lng cc cht trong sn phm: trng, bt m, ng, shortening, sorbiton (E420), mch nha, ng isomalto - oligo, sa bt nguyn kem, bt lng trng, Dextrin (E1400), du nnh Hir ha,Canxicacbonat (E 170i), Mui ,Gm xanthan (E415), glucono delta lacton (E575), gelatin, natri bicacbonat(E500ii), cn thc phm(< 1%). Thi im sn xut: 31/01/2011. Hn s dng: 30/11/2011 Cch ng m np: hp bng ba cng c dn keo ming nn d dng ng m. Cch bo qun : bo qun ni thong mt, trnh nh nng mt tri. Cch s dng : dng trc tip, nn dng ngay sau khi bnh c m. Cc k hiu quy c: khuyn khch ti s dng, gi gn v sinh mi trng. M vch cc loi sn phm Hnh nh thit k trn bao b c php lut bo v, trnh trng hp cc i th cnh tranh sao chp hay lm gi sn phm. Cc thng tin ghi trn bao b u phi c vit bng ting Vit do sn phm ang c bn trn th trng Vit Nam, phc v ngi Vit Nam. Ngoi ra cn c mt phn c dch ra ting Anh. y l yu t th hin mong mun m rng th trng ca nh sn xut, hng n i tng l ngi nc ngoi. M vch ca sn phm: 8 936036 020 137
4.3. Chc nng maketting:Bao b khng ch c tc dng bo v sn phm m cn ng vai tr quan trng trong vic xc tin sn phm, xt t gc kinh doanh. Cc hnh thc ca bao b nh : hnh dng, kch thc bao b, mu sc trang tr mt cch hi ha v y thng tin cn thit s to sc ht cho ngi tiu dng. Bnh Custas cao cp c hnh hp vung, mu vng, thit k sinh ng, ni bt. Mu vng ca v bnh l mu ca trng, bt lng trng, mu th hin s quyn uy, hng vng, cng chnh l mu ca sn phm bnh bn trong. Qua mu sc ca v hp bnh, bnh Custas ngm khng nh s sang trng, uy tn cht lng tuyt ho i vi ngi tiu dng.
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4.4. Chc nng s dng:- D m v hp bnh c thit k bng ba giy nh gn, sn phm bnh bn trong c bao gi di dng tng ci ring l.Mi ci bnh l mt gi nh c bao gi trc tip bng nilon .. - D s dng do 2 u sn phm c dp rnh rng ca. - Kch thc ph hp hp 12 gi vi khi lng 276g/9.73 (OZ)
4.5. Chc nng phn phi:Lng sn phm c ng trong hp phi ph hp vi ngi tiu dng v thi quen. khi lng ca hp cng nh ca sn phm khng qu nhiu hoc qu t cho ngi s dng. Bnh Custas c sn xut v ng dng gi nh c khi lng ? Vi n v bao gi l hp cactong 3 lp gm 12 gi. y l quy cch gi ph bin vi cc loi bnh ngt ni chung. D xp t, vn chuyn v s dng.
4.6. Chc nng sn xutTrn dy chuyn sn xut, bao b giy thng b tc ng bi cc yu t k thut v th bao b phi va m bo c hiu qu kinh t va tha mn cc yu cu k thut . i vi sn phm Bnh Custas ng hp th nguyn liu lm bao b l giy b carton rt nh, ng thnh tng hp ln hn, trnh c s va chm c hc trong khi ng gi hoc vn chuyn.
4.7. Chc nng mi trngBao b carton c kh nng ti ch, sau khi s dng c th lm nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc.C kh nng t phn hy trong mi trng, l loi vt liu thn thin vi mi trng..
4.8. Chc nng vn haChc nng vn ho mang li cho sn phm thc phm c trng ring v to cho sn phm c kh nng thng tin v marketing c o. Thng tin trn nhn hng c trnh by bng ngn ng dn tc. Trn bao b c in nhng hnh nh biu tng ring ca tng doanh nghip, cng ty sn xut cng c th l nhng sn phm mang c trng ring cho tng vng, tng a phng, tng quc gia.
CHNG V : XU HNG PHT TRIN35
CA CNG NGHIP BAO BBao b c tnh ng v thng xuyn thay i, vt liu i hi phng php sn xut mi, v v vy cn c thit b mi. Chu k thay i s ngy cng nhanh. Cht lng bao b s ngy cng tt hn. Cc nh sn xut bao b lun cn nhc k lng quyt nh lm nh th no bao b l mt th thng nht vi sn phm bn trong v gp phn gia tng gi tr ca sn phm. Khng nhng th, bao b cn phi c tnh kinh t, ngha l vi mt lng vt liu ti thiu phi c s thnh phm ti a. Bao b phi va kht, qu trnh ng gi sn phm d dng t tn thi gian, gim thiu s mu in nhng t hiu qu trnh by... Tuy vy, tng lai cng nghip bao b s phi i u vi nhng thch thc ln v cng ngh, l khuynh hng bao b phi mng hn, nh hn, an ton hn cho mi trng, nng sut ng gi cao hn, in n p hn. Trong khi th nguyn vt liu phc v cho ngnh ny ngy cng khan him, yu cu ca khch hng i vi nh sn xut bao b ngy cng kht khe v thng xuyn i hi cao hn, ng thi s qun l ca chnh ph ngy cng nghim khc. Tt c cc doanh nghip bao b u t xu hng ct gim chi ph ln hng u. Ngy nay chng ta khng th mong i vic gi c hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca mnh nu nhng khng lin tc nng cao cht lng hiu qu trong sn xut v dch v, phi tm ra cc bin php phc v tt nht, mang li nhiu li ch nht cho khch hng. Xem bao b nh mt cng c tip th cng l mt xu hng quan trng m chng ta cn quan tm. Vic thay i thi quen tiu dng t mua hng t cc ca hiu nh n mua hng trong cc siu th cng nh hng nhiu n thit k bao b. Nh vy, hnh dng, v b ngoi ca bao b, thng hiu sn phm thc s ng vai tr quan trng trong quyt nh mua hng. Cc nh qun l thng hiu sn phm ngy cng nhn thc c tm quan trng ca nhn hiu mang tnh quc t v nhn hiu mang tnh quc gia. iu ny t ra yu cu cc doanh nghip sn xut bao b phi p dng cc tiu chun quc t trong sn xut v phn phi sn phm bao b. Cc khch hng do trng i vo cc nh sn xut s m rng bao b cung cp khng ch ti ch m cn trong khu vc v ton cu. Th trng m rng, phm vi m rng, sn phm a dng i hi kha nng phi hp nhp nhng linh hot th y yu t con ngi li cng tr nn quan trng v quyt nh. Mi quan h gia cc nh sn xut bao b, ngi s dng bao b v ngi tiu dng tr nn quan trng hn lc no ht. Cng ngh thay i, khoa hc pht trin l iu kin quan trng pht trin sn xut, tuy nhin i vi nn cng nghip bao b ca Vit Nam ch khi c s lin kt cht ch ca cc nh sn xut trong ngnh, c nh
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hng ng n ca cc nh qun l chin lc th mi c kh nng cnh tranh v ln mnh hn.
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LI KTTheo xu th pht trin ca x hi, bao b dn vt ln chc nng c truyn ca n l bao gi, tr thnh mt trong nhng yu t trng tm a sn phm thc phm ca nh sn xut ti gn ngi tiu dng hn. iu ny lm thc y cnh tranh, tng gi tr s dng ca sn phm. Vi nhng c tnh vt tri m bao b kim loi mang li, cc doanh nghip phn no khng nh thng hiu ca mnh v gp phn a cng nghip thc phm c nhng bc tin xa hn. Bn cnh , mt ngnh thc phm tin tin, v sc kho ca cng ng, v mt mi trng xanh cng chnh l mc tiu chng ta cn t ti. Chng ta nn quan tm nghin cu ci tin bao b ni chung v bao b Giy ni ring ngy cng tr nn thn thin vi mi trng .
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