The International Social Survey Program, 1985-2012 Tom W. Smith, NORC/University of Chicago
The International Social Survey Program, 1985-2012
Tom W. Smith, NORC/University of Chicago
Arctic Circleircle
Tropic of CancerTropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator Equator Equator
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
Ouargla
Reggane
Comodoro Rivadavia
Neuquen
Barreiras
Cachimbo
Cuiaba
Porto Velho
Amos
Baker Lake
Churchill
Flin Flon
Fort McMurray
Grande Prairie
Inukjuak
Kamloops
Labrador City
Port Radium
Prince AlbertPrince GeorgePrince Rupert
Rankin Inlet
Saskatoon
Thompson
Timmins
Valdivia
Golmud
Hami
Hotan
Karamay
Kashi
Korla
Qiemo
Yumen
Aswan
Vaasa
Bakhtaran
Aktyubinsk
Aralsk
Atbassar
Balqash
Rudnyy
Sabhah
Tolanaro
Araouane
Altay
Dalandzadagad
Hovd
Bilma
AltaAntipayuta
Archangelsk
Batagay
Bodaybo
Bratsk
Igarka
Khabarovsk
Kirov
Magadan
Mirnyj
Murmansk
Nizhnevartovsk
Norilsk
Novgorod
Orol
Petropavlovsk-Kamcha
Sangar
Syktyvkar
Ulan Ude
Vorkuta
Voronez
Jakutsk
Juzno Sachalinsk
Makkah (Mecca)
Port Elizabeth
Waw
Kiruna
Lulea
Ostersund
Skelleftea
Albuquerque
Barrow
Butte
Fairbanks
Fort Yukon
Las Vegas
Nome
Provo
Scottsbluff
Unalaska
Kananga
Vologda
Luederitz
Khatanga
Ust-Olenek
Volochanka
Cordova
Belaja Gora
Djanet
Bear Lake
Juneau
Brandon
Dawson Creek
Fort Chipewyan
Moosonee
Red Deer
Swift Current
Antofagasta
Concepcion
Al Jawf
Talara
Trujillo
Dudinka
Anchorage
Duluth
Grand Forks
Reno
Tucson
Twin Falls
Williston
Alice Springs
Bourke
Cairns
CookKalgoorlie
Mackay
Tennant CreekBroome
Carnarvon
Geraldton
LearmonthPort Hedland
Huambo
Rosario
Adelaide
Melbourne
Sydney
Brisbane
Belem
Belo Horizonte
Campinas
Curitiba
Fortaleza
Goiania
Manaus
Porto Alegre
Recife
Rio De Janeiro
Salvador
Sao Paulo
Calgary
Montreal
Vancouver
BaotouBenxi
Chengdu
Dalian
Dukou FuzhouGuiyang
Harbin
Huangshi
Jilin
Jixi
KaifengLanzhou
Mianyang
Nanning
Ningbo
Qingdao
Qiqihar
Shanghai
Shantou
Urumqi
Wenzhou
Xiamen
Xian
Xining
Yinchuan
Torshavn
Nantes
Toulouse
Agra
Ahmadabad
Allahabad
Jaipur
Nagpur
Pune
Surat Ulhasnagar
Esfahan
Shiraz
Basra
Cork
Sendai
Qaraghandy
Krakow
Constanta
Chelyabinsk
Gorkiy
Irkutsk
IzevskKazan
Krasnodar
Krasnojarsk
Kuybyshev
St. Petersburg
NovosibirskOmsk
Perm
Saratov
Sverdlovsk
Ufa
Volgograd
Jaroslavl
Umtata
Barcelona
Sevilla
Valladolid
Taipei
AdanaIzmir
Frunze
Lviv
Sunderland
Buffalo
Charlotte
Dallas
Detroit
Jacksonville
Atlanta
Kansas City
New Orleans
New York
Boston
Norfolk
Oakland
Omaha
SeattleSpokane
Ho Chi Minh City
Likasi
Perth
Sao Goncalo
Changchun
Fuxin
Hefei
Taiyuan
YueyangZigong
Bayonne
(Bombay) Mumbai
(Calcutta)Kolkata
Cochin
Naples
Sapporo
Casablanca
Walvis Bay
Multan
Davao
Gdansk
Porto
Rostov
Tol Yatti
Baltimore
Birmingham
Denver
Chicago
Houston
Los Angeles
Memphis
MilWawkee
Minneapolis
Philadelphia
Portland
San Diego
San FranciscoSt. Louis
Tampa
Hong Kong
Alma Ata
Chennai (Madras)
Kabul
Luanda
Canberra
Ponta Delgada
Dhaka
Minsk
Porto Novo
La PazSucre
Yaounde
NÕDjamena
Santiago
Bogota
Havana
Copenhagen
Quito
Addis Abbaba
Asmara
Kampala
Port Stanley
Helsinki
Paris
Libreville
GibraltarAthens
Singapore
Reykjavik
New Delhi
Jakarta
Tehran
Baghdad
Rome
Phnom Penh
Nairobi
Vientiane
Riga
Tripoli
Kaunas
Antananarivo
Kuala Lumpur
Bamako
Nouakchott
Mexico City
Ulaanbaatar
Rangoon
Windhoek
Niamey
Abuja
Pyongyang
Oslo
Muscat
Islamabad
Manila
Warsaw
Bucharest
Moscow
Riyadh
Mogadishu
Cape Town
Seoul
Madrid
Colombo
Stockholm
Dar es Salaam
Bangkok
Tunis
Ankara
Ashgabat
Kiev
Washington D. C.
Montevideo
Tashkent
CaracasGeorgetown
Paramaribo
Sanaa
Kinshasa
LusakaHarare
Algiers
Buenos Aires
Gaborone
Ottawa
Bangui
Beijing
Brazzaville
Nicosia
Cairo
Malabo
Tallinn
Berlin
Accra
Nuuk
Conakry
Dublin
Abidjan
Tokyo
Bishkek
Monrovia
Rabat
MaputoMbabane
Port Moresby
Asuncion
Lima
Lisbon
Sao Tome
Dakar
Freetown
Bloemfontein
Pretoria
Khartoum
Lome
London
Hanoi
Astana
Dili
RUSSIA
FINLAND
ITALY
SPAIN
SWEDEN
NORWAY
GERMANY
FRANCE
PORTUGAL
ROMANIA
TURKEY
DENMARK
POLAND BELARUS
UKRAINECZECHSLOVAKIA
GREECE
CYPRUS
NETH.
BELGIUM
IRELAND
MOLDOVA
LITHUANIALATVIA
ESTONIA
LUX.
GREENLAND
ICELAND
U. S. A.
CANADA
MEXICO THE BAHAMAS
CUBA
PANAMA
EL SALVADORGUATEMALA
BELIZEHONDURAS
NICARAGUA
COSTA RICA
JAMAICAHAITI
DOM. REP.
ARGENTINA
BOLIVIA
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
PERU
BRAZIL
CHILE
ECUADOR KENYA
ETHIOPIA
ERITREA
SUDAN
EGYPT
NIGER
MAURITANIAMALI
NIGERIASOMALIA
NAMIBIA
LIBYA
CHAD
SOUTH AFRICA
TANZANIA
DEM. REP. OF CONGO
ANGOLA
ANGOLA
ALGERIA
MADAGASCARBOTSWANA
ZAMBIA
GABON
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
TUNISIA
MOROCCO
UGANDA
SWAZILAND
LESOTHO
MALAWI
BURUNDIRWANDA
TOGO
BENINGHANA
IVORY COAST
GUINEA
CAMEROON
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
ZIMBABWE
CONGOEQUATORIAL GUINEA
WESTERN SAHARA
(occupied by Morocco)
DJIBOUTI
Canary Islands JORDAN
ISRAELLEBANON
ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN
GEORGIAKYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
KUWAIT
QATAR
U. A. E.
YEMEN
SYRIA
IRAQ IRAN
OMAN
SAUDI ARABIA
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
INDIA
CHINA
KAZAKHSTAN
TURKMENISTAN
UZBEKISTAN
MYANMAR
THAILAND
CAMBODIA
NEPALBHUTAN
VIETNAM
SRI LANKA
LAOSBANGLADESH
MALAYSIA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
BRUNEI
PHILIPPINES
TAIWAN
INDONESIA
JAPAN
MONGOLIA
SOUTH KOREA
NORTH KOREA
AUSTRALIA
NEW ZEALA
U. K.
NEW CALED
COMOROSEAST TIMOR
ATLANTICPACIFIC PACIFIC
INDIAN
ARCTIC OCEAN
OCEANOCEAN
OCEA
OCEAN
RCTIC
OCEAN
1000 KmScale at Equato
Red=ISSP, Black=Former ISSP
Table 3-1. ISSP Modules
ISSP Role of Socia l Socia l Family/ Role of Socia l Environ- Family/Members Countr ies Govt . Suppor t Equa lity Gender Work Govt . I I Relig ion Equa l. I I ment Gender I IRSSS Australia D86 D87 D88 D90 -- D90 D93 D93 D93 D94IS Austria D86 D86 D88 D88 D89 -- D93 D93 D95 D95BUP Bangladesh -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --IUPERJ Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ASA Bulgaria -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94 D95SC Canada -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D92 D93 D94CES Chile -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CAR Cyprus -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ISCAS Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D92 D93 D94DEPPA Denmark -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --FSD Finland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CDA Flanders - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --France-ISSP France -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ZUMA Germany D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94NCSR Grt Britain D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94Tarkai Hungary -- D86 D87 D88 D93 D94 D89 D90 D91 D92SSRC Ireland -- D89 D89 D89 D89 D91 D91 -- D93 D94TAU Israel -- -- -- -- D89 D91 D91 -- D93 D94Eurisko/CENItaly D85 D87 D87 D88 D89 D91 D91 D92 D93 D94BCRI Japan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94LAS/LSRC Latvia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CEO Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --SCP The Netherlands -- -- D87 D89 D89 -- D91 -- D93 D94MU New Zealand -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94NSD Norway -- -- -- -- D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94SWS The Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94
Table 3-2. ISSP Modules
ISSP Role of Socia l Socia l Family/ Role of Socia l Environ- Family/Members Countr ies Govt . Suppor t Equa lity Gender Work Govt . I I Relig ion Equa l. I I ment Gender I ISWS The Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94ISS Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94ICS Portugal -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --VCIOM Russia -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D94IS -SAS Slovakia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --POMCRC Slovenia -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 D92 D93 D93HSRC South Africa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --CIS/ASEP Spain -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D93 D94 D94UU Sweden -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D91 -- D94SIDOS Switzerland -- -- D87 -- -- -- -- -- D93 --AS Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --NORC United States D85 D86 D87 D88 D89 D90 D91 D92 D93 D94LACSO Venezuela -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --Others:IFS Poland -- -- D87 -- -- -- -- -- -- --BS Lithuania -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D94D=Done P=Planned
Table 3-3. ISSP Modules
ISSP National Role of Work Rel ig ion Socia l Envi ron- Socia l Fami ly National Members Countries Identi ty Govt. III II II Equal . III ment II Support Gender II ID II Ci tizansh ipRSSS Australia D96 D98 -- D98 D00 -- D01 D02 D03 P04IS Austria D95 -- -- D99 D00 D01 D01 D03 P03 P04BUP Bangladesh -- -- D97 -- -- -- -- -- -- P04IUPERJ Brazil -- -- -- -- -- P00 D01 D03 -- P04ASA Bulgaria D95 D97 D97 D99 D99 D00 D01 D01 D03 P04SC Canada D95 D96 D99 D99 D00 D00 D02 -- D03 P04CEP Chile -- -- -- D98 D00 D00 D01 D02 P04 P04CAR Cyprus -- D96 D97 D98 D99 -- D01 D02 P03 P04ISCAS Czech Repub D95 D96 D97 D99 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04DEPPA Denmark -- -- D97 D98 -- D01 -- D03 D03 P04FSD Finland -- -- -- -- -- D01 D01 D02 D03 P04CDA Flanders -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D02 -- P04FRANCE-ISFrance -- D97 D98 D98 D99 -- -- D02 D03 P04ZUMA Germany D95 D96 D97 D98 D00 D00 D02 D02 P04 P04NCSR Grt Britain D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04Tarkai Hungary D95 D96 D97 D98 D98 -- D01 D02 D03 P04SSRC Ireland D95 D96 -- D98 -- D02 -- D02 D03 P04TAU Israel -- D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04Eurisko/CENItaly D95 D96 D97 D99 -- -- D02 -- -- P04
Table 3-4. ISSP Modules
ISSP National Role of Work Rel ig ion Socia l Envi ron- Socia l Fami ly National Members Countries Identi ty Govt. III II II Equal . III ment II Support Gender II ID II Ci tizanshipBCRI Japan D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04SRC Korea -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- P03 P04LAS/LSRC Latvia D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D03 D03 P04CEO Mexico -- -- -- -- -- D01 -- D03 P03 P04SCP The Netherla D96 -- D98 D98 -- D00 -- D03 -- P04MU New Zealand D96 D97 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04NSD Norway D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04SWS The Philippi D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04ISS Poland D95 D97 D97 D99 D99 -- D01 D02 -- P04ICS Portugal -- -- D97 D99 D99 D00 -- D03 P03 P04VCIOM Russia D96 D97 D98 D98 D99 D00 D01 D02 D03 P04IS -SAS Slovakia D96 -- -- D98 D01 -- -- D02 D03 P04POMCRC Slovenia D95 D95 D97 D98 D98 D00 D01 D03 P03 P04HSRC South Africa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D03 P04CIS/ASEP Spain D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D00 D01 D03 D03 P04UU Sweden D95 D96 D97 D98 D99 D01 -- D02 D03 P04SIDOS Switzerland -- D98 D98 D99 D99 D02 D01 D03 D03 P04AS Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D02 D03 P04NORC United States D96 D96 D98 D98 D00 D00 D02 D02 D04 P04DE/SI Uruguay -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- D03 P04
Domain‐Specific National PrideHow proud are you of COUNTRY in each of the following? Very Proud/Somewhat Proud/Not Very Proud/Not at All Proud
1. The way democracy works 2. Its political influence in the world3. COUNTRY’S economic achievement4. Its social security system5. Its scientific and technological achievements6. Its achievements in sports7. Its achievement in the arts and literature8. COUNTRY’S armed forces9. Its history10. Its fair and equal treatment of all groups in society
Questions Wordings
Rank Country Average
1 United States 3.6
2 Venezuela 3.9
3 Ireland 6.9
4 South Africa 7.8
5 Australia 7.9
6 Canada 9.6
7 The Philippines 9.7
8 Austria 10.4
9 New Zealand 11.0
10 Chile 12.1
11 Great Britain 13.7
12 Israel 14.5
13 Uruguay 14.6
14 Finland 16.0
15 Spain 16.7
16 Denmark 17.3
17 Switzerland 17.8
Rank Country Average
18 Japan 18.3
19 France 19.0
20 Portugal 19.6
21 Hungary 21.8
22 Bulgaria 21.9
23 Norway 22.0
24 Russia 22.2
25 Sweden 22.7
26 Slovenia 23.6
27 Germany (West) 23.6
28 Czech Republic 23.7
29 Taiwan 25.7
30 Latvia 26.6
31 Korea 27.0
32 Slovakia 27.1
33 Poland 28.1
34 Germany (East) 28.4
Overall Rank of Countries on Domain‐Specific National Pride
Rank Demo Poli Eco Soc Sci Sports Arts Mil. Hist. Group1 USA USA USA FR USA VEN VEN USA VEN VEN2 AUSL VEN IRE AUS ISR NZ IRE ISR USA CAN3 SA SA CHL DEN AUSL AUSL HUN GB BUL USA4 DEN CHL VEN FIN NZ IRE CHL AUSL PORT SA5 VEN IRE SA CAN JP AUS USA VEN ISR URG6 SWI NZ AUS SWI VEN BUL JP NZ IRE AUSL7 URG ISR AUSL SA CAN HUN NZ IRE URG PH8 PH PH NOR SPN FIN SA URG CHL GB IRE9 CAN CAN PH IRE HUN USA PH SA PH AUS
10 AUS SPN CAN PH AUS PH PORT FIN CHL BUL11 GB GB FIN NOR SWI LAT AUS CAN CAN SWI12 IRE AUSL SPN USA GB CZ AUSL PH SA GB13 ISR FR GB VEN SA PORT BUL SPN FR NZ14 SPN AUS NZ SWE IRE SLVK SA RUS CZ SPN15 FIN DEN SWI AUSL PH JP CZ PORT AUSL CHL16 SWE URG DEN WG FR SWE CAN FR RUS FIN17 NOR WG TW NZ SWE SLVE RUS URG FIN DEN18 CHL RUS JP GB CHL CAN SLVK POL AUS TW19 NZ NOR WG ISR RUS KOR FR AUS SLVK SLVE20 WG PORT ISR CHL WG URG LAT SLVK HUN PORT21 JP FIN KOR URG DEN CHL GB SWI DEN ISR22 TW SWI SLVE TW URG NOR SPN JP NZ SWE23 LAT JP URG JP SPN DEN ISR SLVE POL JP24 FR SWE EG SLVE EG RUS SLVE DEN KOR NOR25 PORT SLVE LAT CZ TW SPN WG BUL SLVE FR26 SLVE TW SWE EG KOR EG EG CZ SPN POL27 KOR EG HUN RUS CZ SWI FIN KOR JP WG28 CZ POL PORT PORT BUL GB SWE LAT NOR HUN29 RUS LAT RUS KOR NOR WG DEN TW SWI RUS30 POL CZ CZ HUN POL POL SWI WG TW CZ31 HUN HUN FR POL SLVE FIN NOR NOR SWE EG32 EG KOR SLVK LAT LAT FR POL HUN LAT KOR33 BUL SLVK POL BUL PORT ISR KOR SWE WG SLVK34 SLVK BUL BUL SLVK SLVK TW TW EG EG LAT
National Pride Rankings Across Ten Domains
Rank Demo Poli Eco Soc Sci Sports Arts Mil. Hist. Group1 USA USA USA FR USA VEN VEN USA VEN VEN2 AUSL VEN IRE AUS ISR NZ IRE ISR USA CAN3 SA SA CHL DEN AUSL AUSL HUN GB BUL USA 4 DEN CHL VEN FIN NZ IRE CHL AUSL PORT SA5 VEN IRE SA CAN JP AUS USA VEN ISR URG6 SWI NZ AUS SWI VEN BUL JP NZ IRE AUSL7 URG ISR AUSL SA CAN HUN NZ IRE URG PH8 PH PH NOR SPN FIN SA URG CHL GB IRE9 CAN CAN PH IRE HUN USA PH SA PH AUS
10 AUS SPN CAN PH AUS PH PORT FIN CHL BUL11 GB GB FIN NOR SWI LAT AUS CAN CAN SWI12 IRE AUSL SPN USA GB CZ AUSL PH SA GB13 ISR FR GB VEN SA PORT BUL SPN FR NZ14 SPN AUS NZ SWE IRE SLVK SA RUS CZ SPN15 FIN DEN SWI AUSL PH JP CZ PORT AUSL CHL16 SWE URG DEN WG FR SWE CAN FR RUS FIN17 NOR WG TW NZ SWE SLVE RUS URG FIN DEN18 CHL RUS JP GB CHL CAN SLVK POL AUS TW19 NZ NOR WG ISR RUS KOR FR AUS SLVK SLVE20 WG PORT ISR CHL WG URG LAT SLVK HUN PORT21 JP FIN KOR URG DEN CHL GB SWI DEN ISR22 TW SWI SLVE TW URG NOR SPN JP NZ SWE23 LAT JP URG JP SPN DEN ISR SLVE POL JP24 FR SWE EG SLVE EG RUS SLVE DEN KOR NOR25 PORT SLVE LAT CZ TW SPN WG BUL SLVE FR26 SLVE TW SWE EG KOR EG EG CZ SPN POL27 KOR EG HUN RUS CZ SWI FIN KOR JP WG28 CZ POL PORT PORT BUL GB SWE LAT NOR HUN29 RUS LAT RUS KOR NOR WG DEN TW SWI RUS30 POL CZ CZ HUN POL POL SWI WG TW CZ31 HUN HUN FR POL SLVE FIN NOR NOR SWE EG32 EG KOR SLVK LAT LAT FR POL HUN LAT KOR33 BUL SLVK POL BUL PORT ISR KOR SWE WG SLVK34 SLVK BUL BUL SLVK SLVK TW TW EG EG LAT
National Pride Rankings Across Ten Domains
Country Percent %Portugal 4.66Hungary 3.64Ireland 3.42Chile 3.26
Sweden 3.2Bulgaria 2.88Norway 2.87
New Zealand 2.76Italy 2.69
Denmark 2.32Japan 2.32Austria 2.28
Great Britain 2.13Spain 2.12France 2.05
Switzerland 2.04Canada 2.03
United States 1.95Australia 1.7
East Germany 1.03The Netherlands 0.92
Slovenia 0.79West Germany 0.66
Israel 0.64The Philippines 0.35
Slovakia 0.14Poland 0.09Russia -0.18
Czech Republic -1.18Cyprus -1.25Latvia -1.95
Average, Net Change per Annum in Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior
(% Increase “Not Wrong at All“+ % Decrease in “Always Wrong”)
Source: ISSP
% “Not Wrong At All”
2008, By Country
0 20 40 60 80
The NetherlandsDenmarkNorway
SwitzerlandBelgium (Flanders)
SpainSwedenFinland
German (East)New Zealand
Germany (West)Austria
Great BritainFranceIrelandUruguay
United StatesPortugal
Czech RepublicSlovakiaSloveniaTaiwanCroatiaChile
MexicoCyprusLatviaRussia
South AfricaDominican Republic
UkraineKoreaJapan
The PhilippinesTurkey
% “Not Wrong At All”
Country
Age Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country and
Year
Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ ‐17.2 ‐38.8 ‐‐‐‐Austria ‐13.1 ‐13 ‐38.9 ‐42
Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐38.2Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ ‐18.2 ‐22.3 ‐‐‐‐Canada ‐‐‐‐ ‐35 ‐41.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐6.7 ‐19.3Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐14.5Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐24.5 ‐19.2
Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐34.2 ‐31.6 ‐27.4Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐37.1 ‐45.5
Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.1Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐52.5France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐42.6 ‐45.6
Germany, East ‐30.7 ‐28.2 ‐26.4 ‐51.5Germany, West ‐34.9 ‐28.2 ‐32.4 ‐40.7Great Britain ‐26.9 ‐34.7 ‐49.3 ‐41.3Hungary ‐9 ‐7.1 ‐12.4 ‐‐‐‐Ireland ‐20.9 ‐24.2 ‐31.8 ‐38.7Israel ‐21.2 ‐23 ‐17.4 ‐‐‐‐Italy ‐16.8 ‐25.2 ‐14.6 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.1 ‐6.1 ‐11.9Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐6.3Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐15.9 ‐15.2Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐15.7
The Netherlands ‐42.5 ‐47.5 ‐37.2 ‐38.8New Zealand ‐27.4 ‐39.1 ‐43.5 ‐40.3
Norway ‐31.7 ‐31.5 ‐31.7 ‐41.1The Philippines ‐1.2 ‐5 ‐2.8 ‐1.2
Poland ‐11.8 ‐19.5 ‐15.1 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐19.8 ‐42Russia ‐6.5 ‐15.7 ‐16.2 ‐13.6Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐19.7 ‐27.5Slovenia ‐1.6 ‐4.5 ‐11.8 ‐20.1
South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐4.6Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐54.6 ‐59.2 ‐55.4Sweden ‐‐‐‐ ‐23.7 ‐48.8 ‐39.3
Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐37.7 ‐29.3Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐30.1Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 0.6Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐8.8
United States ‐14.9 ‐22.3 ‐28.1 ‐27Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐33
Average ‐19.4 ‐24.1 ‐20 ‐20.1
% Not Wrong at All for those over 70 - those less than
30
Educational Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country
and Year
Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ 10.8 18.2 ‐‐‐‐Austria 12.3 5.8 17.3 +
Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 17.2Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ 6.8 ‐‐‐‐ 11.7Canada ‐‐‐‐ 17 18.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5.6 8.5Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 16.3Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 9.1 10.7
Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ 15.3 5.5 9Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 23.5 28.3
Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 0.4Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 22.4France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 17.4 21
Germany, East 12.9 20.6 17.2 12.7Germany, West 23.3 16.7 24.5 17.8Great Britain 21.3 19.4 19.1 19.9Hungary 4.3 5.4 3.5 ‐‐‐‐Ireland 9.7 10.7 6.2 21.3Israel 10.9 14.9 1.6 ‐‐‐‐Italy 7.9 14.6 10.5 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ 3.3 1.9 1.4Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.6Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.7 7.9Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 9
The Netherlands 20.2 24.4 14.1 21.7New Zealand 11.1 9.5 15.4 13.5
Norway 19.9 12.1 15.6 19The Philippines 1.1 0.4 0.1 ‐1.5
Poland 6.8 11.8 13.6 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 18.6 21.3Russia 0.1 5.8 6.9 4.3Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 8.9 9.4Slovenia 1.9 5.5 6.4 18.2
South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 21.2 20.6
Sweden ‐‐‐‐ 13.1 23.5 14.3Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 10.3 15Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 18.7Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 5Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 4
United States 9.6 11.1 16.3 20.5Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 24.5
Average 10.8 11.6 12.4 13.8
% Not Wrong at All More than 12 Years – 12 Years of
Schooling or Less
Religious Services Attendance Differences on Approval of Same-Gender-Sexual Behavior by Country
and Year
Country 1991 1994 1998 2008Australia ‐‐‐‐ 26 29.3 ‐‐‐‐Austria ‐‐‐‐ 21.7 31.9 28.7
Belgium (Flanders) ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 32.1Bulgaria ‐‐‐‐ 0.7 ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐Canada ‐‐‐‐ 36.3 43.1 ‐‐‐‐Chile ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 1.3 15.4Croatia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 28.9Cyprus ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 29.2 18.3
Czech Republic ‐‐‐‐ 18.7 21.8 19.3Denmark ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35 51.6
Dominican Republic ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 2.3Finland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 60.3France ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35.2 40.8
Germany, East 19.5 15.6 2.9 17.2Germany, West 33.3 30 22.3 28Great Britain 13.3 18 26.8 29.2Hungary 4.8 2.6 10.3 ‐‐‐‐Ireland 23.3 44 35.4 32.5Israel ‐‐‐‐ 26.7 ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐Italy 18.3 31.8 28.4 ‐‐‐‐Japan ‐‐‐‐ ‐2.4 5.2 7.6Korea ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.5Latvia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.6 8.9Mexico ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 22.9
The Netherlands 46.2 49.6 52.5 60.1New Zealand 26.3 33.6 38.9 49.3
Norway 39 40.9 48.8 53The Philippines 0.4 1.7 ‐1.5 0.5
Poland 15.8 21.2 28.7 ‐‐‐‐Portugal ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 12.9 39.9Russia 1.4 4.8 7.6 6.8Slovakia ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 15.1 20.2Slovenia ‐‐‐‐ 9.3 17.5 22.8
South Africa ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 3.4Spain ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 35.8 34.7
Sweden ‐‐‐‐ 26.9 43.6 37.1Switzerland ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 51.4 35.1Taiwan ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.1Turkey ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 2.1Ukraine ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 6.7
United States 22.8 20.8 23.3 36.6Uruguay ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐ 21.1
Average 20.3 21.8 25.2 25.6
% Not Wrong at All Never Attend – Attend Weekly or More
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