TNPSC - Vetrii IAS Study Circle · 2018. 10. 24. · Vetrii IAS Study Circle (CURRENT AFFAIRS) Main Office at Vetrii IAS Study Circle New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue, Chinthamani,

Vetrii IAS Study Circle

(CURRENT AFFAIRS)

Main Office atVetrii IAS Study Circle

New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue, Chinthamani, Anna Nagar (E),Chennai - 600 102

- 044-26265326 - 9600124042 / 9840097666

www.vetriias.com

Vetrii IAS Study CircleNo.189/1, Meyanoor Road, Near ARRS Multiplex,

Opp. Venkateshwara Complex, Salem - 4 0427-2330307 / 9442740307

Vetrii IAS Study Circle15/1, Kahiresan Kovil Road,

AEO Office Upstairs, Kovilpatti - 628502 9003790335

Our Branches

TNPSC

k2018

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VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLEF Block New No. 1, 9th Street,1st Avenue Main Road, Chinthamani,Anna Nagar (E), Chennai - 102.Phone: 044 - 26265326 / 9600124042 / 9840097666www.vetriias.comE-Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

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7


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8


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9


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10


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jiyikafk;: GJnly;yp

11


26km c A> VE26tJ tUlhe;jpu cyfg; Gj;jff; fz;fhl;rp GJnly;ypapy; eilngw;wJ.

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SFOORTI Bo

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Vetrii IAS Academy

12


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13


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jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

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3. 2018-k; Mz;il ‘Njrpa jpizfs; Mz;lhf” mDrupf;f kj;jpa muR KbntLj;Js;sJ.

4. 60-tJ ru;tNjr Milfs; fz;fhl;rp GJnly;ypapy; eilngw;wJ.

5. cyf ,dpg;G jpUtpoh njYq;fhdhtpy; cs;s nrfe;juhghj; efupy; eilngw;wJ.

6. INS epupgpf; kw;Wk; INS epu;fhl;Mfpa ,uz;L Nghu; fg;gy;fs; ,e;jpa flw;gil NritapypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

7. cNk\; rpd;fh FO: kf;fs; gpujpepj;Jt rl;lk; 1951d; fPo; r%f Clfq;fis (Social media) nfhz;L tUtij Muha;tjw;fhf mikj;Js;sJ.

kF]^

15

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 \V

\T >Va_O zu | A]B

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t V ]swV

16

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018\V

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17

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 \V

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fye;J nfhz;L nfhz;lhbdu;.

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fhtyu;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rptg;G-ePyk; Mfpa tz;zq;fspy; xspUk; vy;,b tpsf;Ffs; nghUj;jg;gl;l rPUil fle;j Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;%yk; rhiyfs; gdpg;nghopthy; %bapUf;Fk; fhyq;fspy; thfd Xl;bfs; vy;,b tpsf;Ffs; %yk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fhtyu;fis ,dk; fhz KbAk;. ,jdhy; tpgj;Jfs; Neuplhky; jtpu;f;f KbAk;. Nghf;Ftuj;J fhtyu;fs; Rkhu; 1000 NgUf;F vy;,b tpsf;Ffs; nghUj;jg;gl;l rPUilfs; mspf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. NkYk; 3000 fhtyu;fSf;F rPUilfs; tpiutpy; toq;fg;gLk; vd;W njuptpj;Js;sdu;.

11-k; E}w;whz;by; ,g;gFjpia kr;r muru;fs; Mz;L te;jdu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fs; vOg;gpat tp\;Z Nfhapypd; rpjpyq;fs; ,J vd;W mq;Fs;s rptd; Nfhapy; mu;r;rfu; xUtu; njuptpj;jhu;.

18


\ > s]

B x

ùpahd khepyj;jpy; 12 taJf;Fl; gl;l rpWkp-fis gyhj;fhuk; nra;Ak; Fw;wthspfSf;F kuz jz;lid tpjpf;f khepy muR KbT nra;Js;sJ. ùpahdh khepyj;jpYk; rpWkpfs; gyhj;fhur; rk;gtk; njhlu;e;J epfo;e;J te;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; epfo;r;rp xd;wpy; fye;J nfhz;L Ngrpa ùpah-dh Kjy;tu; kNdhfu;yhy; fl;lh> 12 taJf;Fl;gl;l rpWkpfis gyhj;fhuk; nra;Ak; Fw;wthspfSf;F kuz jz;lid tpjpf;Fk; tifapy; rl;lj;ij ,aw;w khepy muR KbT nra;Js;sJ vd;W $wp-dhu;.

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xNu ml;iliag; gad;gLj;jp nkl;Nuh kw;Wk; NgUe;jpy; gazpf;Fk; nghJthd gaz ml;il nly;ypapy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. gazpg;gtu;fSf;F kpfTk; trjpahd> rPuhd kw;Wk; gzkpy;yh gazkhf mikAk;.

njhopy; KidNthiu

Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd ‘I fpupNal;”

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19


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Vetrii IAS Academy

20


> t w D

_ >Vz>o_ >tw T o [k;K-fh\;kPu; vy;iyf;Fs; ghfp];jhd; uhZtk; Fz;L tPrpj; jhf;Fjy; elj;jpajpy;

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nghJkf;fs;> muR gpupTfs;> tzpf epWtdq;fs; midtUk; murp Dila midj;J NritfisAk; b[pl;ly; Kiwikapd; thapyhf

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jkpofj;jpd; 4tJ ru;tNjr gY}d; jpUtpoh nghs;shr;rpapy; eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; 6 ehL-fisr; Nru;e;j 12 gY}d;fs; gq;Nfw;fTs;sd.

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21


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epiyaj;Jf;F (86.56fp.kP) &.1>431.90 Nfhb kjpg;gPl;bYk; Mf nkhj;jk; &. 3>618.2 Nfhb kjpg;gPl;by; kpd;kakhf;fYld; $ba ,ul;il

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nghd;tpoh Mz;lhff; nfhz;lhl jkpof

muR KbT nra;Js;sJ. jkpo;nkhop kw;Wk;

jkpou;fspd; ngUikia giwrhw;Wk;

tifapy;> fiy> tpisahl;L> fl;Liu>

ftpij> Ngr;Rg;Nghl;b Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfs;

nrd;idapYk;> midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk;

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ngWk; epiwT tpohtpy; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLtu;

vd;W Kjy;tu; vlg;ghb Nf. godpr;rhkp

mwptpj;jhu;.

ekJ khepyk; Me;jpuk;> fu;ehlfk;>

Nfusk; ,ize;J gpurpld;rp Mg; nkl;uh]; vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpYk;> nrd;id khfhzk;

vd;W jkpopYk; miof;fg;gl;L te;jJ. ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;Gr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> khepy

gpuptpid Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l gpwF> nrd;id khfhzk; vDk; ngaiu khw;wpj; jkpo;ehL vdg;

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1956 [_iyapy; jpahfp rq;fuypq;fdhu; Nfhupf;if itj;jhu;. mz;zh jiyikapy; muR

mike;jTld;> 1967-k; Mz;L mg;Nghija nrd;id khfhzj;Jf;F> jkpo;ehL vd;W

ngau; #l;l rl;lg; Nguitapy; jPu;khdk; epiwNtw;wgl;lJ. mjd; njhlu;r;rpahf 1969-k;

Mz;L [dtup 14-k; Njjp jkpo;ehL vd;W ekJ khepyj;Jf;Fg; ngau; #l;lg;gl;lJ.

Vetrii IAS Academy

2016-17k; fy;tpahz;by; Njrpa mstpy; cau;fy;tp Nru;f;ifapy; jkpo;ehL

Kjyplj;jpy; cs;sJ.

,e;jpahtpy; mjpf thrfu;fs; gbf;Fk; Kjy; 10 gj;jpupf;iffspy; 5-tJ ,lj;jpy;

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twD

22


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jkpoupd;

23


cD

cD

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-1: ,e;j tprhitg; ngWNthu; Fiwe;jgl;rk; 6 Mz;LfSf;F mnkupf;fhtpy; jq;fpapUf;f mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mjd; gpwF me;j tprh ePl;bf;fg;gLfpwJ.

c VV>V \VV| cyfg; nghUshjhu khehL ];tpl;ru;yhe;jpd; lhNth]; efupy; njhlq;FfpwJ. ,e;j khehl;by; 70 ehLfspd; jiytu;fs; gq;Nfw;fpd;wdu;. cyf tq;fp> ru;tNjr nryhtzp epjpak; (Ivk;vg;)> cyf tu;j;jf mikg;G (lgps;A+bX) Mfpatw;wpd; jiytu;fSk;> 38 gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; jiytu;fSk; ,jpy; gq;Nfw;fpd;wdu;. njhlf;f epfo;r;rpapy; gpujku; Nkhb ciuahw;w ,Uf;fpwhu;. NkYk; ru;tNjr ehLfspd; njhopyjpgu;fs;> tu;j;jfu;fs; MfpNahUld; mtu; fye;Jiuahl cs;shu;. ,jdpilNa> Nkhbapd; ciuiaf; Nfl;gjw;F cyfj; jiytu;fs; fhj;jpUf;Fk; epiyapy;> ,e;jpah kPJ nghUshjhu uPjpapy; Kd; itf;fg;gLk; Gfhu;fSf;F gjpyb nfhLf;Fk; tifapy; khehl;by; Gfhu;fs; uh[je;jpu uPjpapy; nray;glNtz;Lk; vd;W ek; ehl;L njhopy; epWtdq;fspd; jiytu;fs; typAWj;jpAs;sdu;.

ru;tNjrg; nghUshjhuj;Jf;F vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpah vj;jifa gq;fspg;ig mspf;f ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J lhNth\py; eilngw ,Uf;Fk; cyfg; nghUdhjhu khehl;by; Ngr ,Uf;fpNwd;. mq;F ];tpl;ru;yhe;J> ];tPld; cs;spl;l ehLfspd; jiytu;fisAk; re;jpf;f ,Uf;fpNwd;. ,e;j re;jpg;Gfs; vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahTf;F gy;NtW eyd;fisg; ngw;Wj; jUk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. ,g;NghJ ru;tNjrg; nghUshjhuk; gy;NtW rthy;fis re;jpj;J tUfpwJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuk; rpwg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W gy;NtW ru;tNjr mikg;GfSk; fzpg;Gfis ntspapl;Ls;sd vd;W Nkhb jdJ gjpTfspy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhu;.

24

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018cD

gz WV zD \ ]BD cyfpNyNa Mz;fSf;F epfuhf ngz;fSf;Fk; rk Cjpak; toq;Ftijr; rl;lkhf;fpa Kjy; ehL vd;w ngUikiaAk; I];yhe;J ngw;Ws;sJ. NkYk; ,g;gb xU rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp ghypd rkj;Jtj;jpw;F Gjpa mq;fPfhuj;ijNa I];yhe;J nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,e;j Gjpa rl;lj;jpd;gb Fiwe;jJ 25 egu;fis Ntiyf;F vLf;Fk; jdpahh; kw;Wk; muR epWtdq;fs; rk Cjpak; toq;fg;gLtij cWjp nra;Ak; rhd;wpjiog; ngw Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb ,e;jr; rhd;wpjio ngwtpy;iy vd;why; me;j epWtdj;jpw;F mguhjk; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.

2020-k; Mz;bw;Fs; ghypay; NtWghLfshy; cs;s Cjpa vw;wj; jho;Tfs; Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; me;j murhq;fk; ek;gpf;if njuptpj;Js;sJ. nkhj;jk; 144 ehLfspy; ,Ue;J jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpwJ.

,e;jg;gl;baiy cyf nghUshjhu kd;wk; (World Economic Forum) ntspapLfpwJ

T Wk oB[ z z\ kwBm ~zk

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25

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 cD

z ]BV .287 V W] ,yq;ifapYs;s fhq;Nfrd; JiwKfj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F &.287 Nfhb (45.27 kpy;ypad; lhyu;) epjpAjtpia ,e;jpah mspj;Js;sJ. ,JFwpj;J nfhOk;gpy; cs;s ,yq;iff;fhd ,e;jpaj; J}jufk; ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;ifapy; njuptpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhtJ: fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;jpah &.287 Nfhb epjpAjtp mspf;fpwJ. ,Jnjhlu;ghf jpy;ypapy; ,yq;if epjpaikr;rfj;Jf;Fk;> ,e;jpa Vw;Wkjp-,wf;Fkjp tq;fpf;Fk; ,ilNa Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; ifnaOj;jhdJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lkhdJ> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw Jiw KfkhdJ tu;j;jf uPjpapyhd JiwKfkhf KOtPr;rpy; nray;gLj;Jtjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; fly;ghijapy; Gfo;ngw;w jskhFk; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if vLj;J tUk; eltbf;iffis ,J NkYk; tYg;gLj;Jk;. ,yq;ifapd; tlf;Fg; gFjpapy; kWfl;likg;Gg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ,e;j epjp gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. fhq;Nfrd;JiwKfj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghf ifnaOj;jhfpAs;s ,e;j xg;ge;jk; jtpu> ,e;jpa cjtpAld; 6 Gdiuikg;Gg; gzpfs; Vw;nfdNt nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifapd; tsu;r;rpg; gzpf;F cjt Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpah nfhz;Ls;s cWjpg;ghl;il> ,U ehLfSF;Fk; ,ilNa ifnaOj;jhfpapUf;Fk; Gupe;Jzu;T xg;ge;jk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;W ,e;jpaj; J}jufj;jpd; mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhq;Nfrd;JiwKfk;:

,yq;ifapy; cs;ehl;Lg; Nghupd;NghJ tpLjiyg;Gypfspd; jhf;FjYf;F> fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfk; ,yf;fhdJ. ,ijaLj;J> me;j JiwKfj;ijg; gad;gLj;j Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;lJ. aho;g;ghzk; gFjpia> ,yq;ifapd; gpw gFjpfSld;> ,e;jpahTlDk; ,izf;Fk; Kf;fpa ,lkhf fhq;Nfrd;Jiw JiwKfk; jpfo;fpwJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa ePu;topf;Fif nkf;rpNfhtpy; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

‘mth Gay;” fh];tu; jPitj; jhf;fpaJ.

10tJ ‘cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha kw;w $Lif” n[u;kdp ehl;bd; ngu;ypd; efupy; eilngw;wJ.

‘`hu;gh” vd;w ngaupy; VTfizia ghfp];jhdpd; flw;gil Nrhjpj;Js;sJ.

I.ehtpd; Gjpa epue;jukpy;yhj cWg;gpdu;fshf ,tupNfh];l;> Fitj;> ngU> Nghye;J kw;Wk; neju;yhe;J Mfpa MW ehLfs;

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa gdpj;jpUtpoh rPdhtpy; eilngw;wJ.

rpwe;j kj;jpa tq;fp MSeuhf rpq;fg;G+u; tq;fpapd; MSeu; kw;Wk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtspiar; Nru;e;j utp Nkdd; Nju;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;shu;.

cD |>_ >k_

26

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018cD

c[ tB Vu ]A WB> V ckV^m. fhw;W khRghl;il vjpu;j;J NghuhLtjw;fhf 100kP cauj;jpy; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa fhw;W

Rj;jpfupg;G epiyakhd [Ptd; ];Nkhf; NfhGuj;ij Nrhjid mbg;gilapy; rPdhf; fhl;bAs;sJ.

,J rPd mwptpay; mfhlkp epWtdj;jpd; Gtp Rw;Wr;#oy; epWtdj;jpd; Muha;r;rpahsu;fshy; Nrhjidf;Fl;gl;L tUfpwJ.

c[ x>_ BV\ irg;u]; tq;fpahdJ nrk;ikahf;fk; kw;Wk; njhlu;gw;w nrYj;JiffSf;F cyfpd; Kjy;

gNahnkl;upf; fl;lz ml;ilia toq;Ftjw;fhf xU ru;tNjr b[pl;ly; ghJfhg;G epWtd-khd n[khy;Nlhitj; Nju;e;njLj;Js;sJ.

,e;j ml;ilfs; ml;ilj;jhuu;fis mq;fPfupf;f jdpg;gl;l milahs vz; (PIN – Postal Index number) f;F gjpyhf ifNuifia mq;fPfhukhf gad;gLj;Jk;.

EA VA B_ V>V[ AIf;fpa mnkupf;fh kj Rje;jpuj;ij fLikahf kPwpajw;fhf ghfp];jhid’rpwg;G

fz;fhzpg;G gl;baypy; Nru;j;Js;sJ.

Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ,g;gl;baypy; Nru;f;fg;gLk; Kjy;ehL ghfp];jhd; MFk;.

kjr; Rje;jpuj;jpd; fLikahd kPwy;fis rkhspf;f my;yJ rfpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ehLfSf;F rpwg;G fz;fhzpg;G gl;bay; cs;sJ.

\M> \b gVFE ]D vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Jy;ypakhd kUe;Jfis jahupf;f cjTtjw;fhf xU yl;rk; kf;fspd;

kugZ $Wfis Mtzg;gLj;Jk;> cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa kdpj kugZ Muha;r;rp jpl;lj;ij rPdh mwpKfg;gLjpAs;sJ.

Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Neha;fSf;F ,ilapyhd kugZ njhlu;fis fz;lwptNjhL gy;NtW ,d gpd;ddp> kz;lyq;fspypUe;J jyh xU egiu cs;slf;fpaJ ,j;jpl;lk; MFk;.

\VB t[Vu_ VVE 2018 Neghsj;jpd; fhj;kz;Ltpy; ,khya ePu;kpd;dhw;wy; nghUl;fhl;rp 2018 njhlq;fpaJ.

: Neghsj;jpd; kfj;jhd kpd;rf;jpj; jpwid ntspg;gLj;JtJk; kw;Wk; midj;J gq;Fjhuu;fisAk; xNu Filapd; fPo; ,izg;gjhFk;.

,e;jpah> rPdh> M];jpupah> nrf; FbauR kw;Wk; ehu;Nt cs;spl;l gy;NtW ehLfs; ,f;fz;fhl;rpapy; gq;Nfw;wdu;.

27

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 cD

x>_ xBV g_V s\VD JD *A M];jpNuypahtpy; Mspy;yh tpkhdk; %yk; Kjd;Kiwahf kPl;Gg;gzp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. fly; rWf;F tpisahl;by; Du\pahtplk; ,Ue;J &.39000 Nfhb nrytpy; VTfiz thq;Ftjw;fhd xg;ge;jk; tpiutpy;

ifnaOj;jhf cs;sJ. fle;j 2016k; Mz;L rPdh MW S-400 mikg;Gfis u\;ahtplk; ,Ue;J thq;fpAs;s epiyapy;> ,e;jpah ehd;F S-400 mikg;Gfisthq;f cs;sJ. ghfp];jhdpd; mZ MAjq;fis Kwpabf;Fk; tpjkhf ,e;j VTfiz jLg;G mikg;Gfs;

epiy epWj;jg;gLk; vd;W $wg;gLfpwJ. vjpup ehl;L VTfizfis eLthdpNy fz;lwpe;J

top kwpj;J jhf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;lJ ,e;j S-400 VTfiz vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

s\VD >V _ kl_ V> {D rPdhtpNyNa KOtJk; jahupf;fg;gl;l Kjy; tpkhdk; jhq;fpf; fg;gyhd ypNahdpq;>

tpiutpy; Nrhjid Kiwapy; ,af;fg;glTs;sJ. tUk; gpg;utup khj kj;jpapy;> tre;j fhyj;

jpUtpohtpd;NghJ me;jf; fg;gypd; Nrhjid Xl;lk; njhlq;Fk;. Gjpa tpkhdk; jhq;fpf;

fg;gypy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhfNt 'V N[-15" jhf;Fjy; tpkhdj;ij rPdh cUthf;fpAs;sjhf

'ijthd; ];l;nua;l;];" tiyjsk; njuptpj;Js;sJ.

fh\;kPu; tptfhuj;ij ghfp];jhd; njhlu;r;rpahf ru;tNjr rigapy; vOg;gptUfpwJ. ,jpy; %d;whk; egu; jiyaPL vd;w Ngr;Rf;Nf ,lk; fpilahJ vd ,e;jpah ];jpukhf $wptpl;lJ. ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd; ,ilNa vy;iyapy; rkPgfhykhf njhlu;e;J Nkhjy; rk;gtk; ele;J tUfpwJ. vy;iyapy; mj;JkPWk; ghfp];jhDf;F ,e;jpa uhZtk; gjpyb nfhLj;JtUfpwJ. ,e;epiyapy; fh\;kPu; gpur;rid tptfhuj;jpy; kj;jpa];jk; nra;tJ vd;gij I.eh.rig epuhfupj;J

]VVV[--

n.V.sAtpl;lJ. NkYk; ,Ujug;G Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jp gpur;ridia jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd $wptpl;lJ. ru;tNjr rigapd; nray;ghl;il midj;J jug;Gk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shu;.

,e;jpah-ghfp];jhd; vy;iyapy; ,Ujug;G ,ilNa Nkhjy; Nghf;F ePbj;JtUk;epiyapy; mJtiu ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; I.eh. rig jiyaplhJ. ,U ehLfSk; Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jp vy;iyapy; gjw;wj;ij jzpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw I.eh. nghJr; nrayhsu; tpUg;gk; njuptpj;J cs;shu; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.

28


\|\VV|

10km cVsB mD

czT kw;Wk; Ntshz;ikf;fhd 10tJ cyfshtpa fUj;juq;fk; (Global forum for food & Agriculture) n[u;kdpapd; ngu;ypdpy; eilngw;wJ.

fUg;nghUs;: fhy;eilfspd; vjpu;fhyj;ij tbtikj;jy; - epiyahd nghWg;ghd

jpwikahf cs;sJ.

cyfshtpa Ntshz; czT Jiwapd; vjpu;fhyj;ijg; gw;wpa kj;jpa Nfs;tpfis ikakhff; nfhz;l ru;tNjr khehL MFk;. ,J tptrha mikr;ru;fspd; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa khehlhf cs;sJ. ,J ru;tNjr gRik thuj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.

k> >Va]^

>zMe;jpu khepyk;> tprhfg;gl;bdj;jpy; 3 ehl;fs;

eilngw;w rut;Njr ngz; njhopyjpgu;fspd;

fUj;juq;if Kjy;tu; re;jpughG ehAL

njhlq;fp itj;jhu;. ,jpy; ,e;jpah cl;gl gy

ehLfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ngz; njhopyjpgu;fs;

gq;Nfw;Ws;sdu;.

tprhfg;gl;bdj;jpy; Vw;fdNt 2 Kiw njhopy; njhlq;f gy;NtW epWtdq;fSld; fUj;juq;F

ele;Js;sJ.

,e;j fUj;juq;fpy; mnkupf;fh> M];jpNuypah cl;gl rhu;f; ehLfshd tq;fNjrk;> Neghsk;.

G+lhd;> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> ,yq;if> khyj;jPT

Nghd;w ehLfspypUe;J 40f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l

gy;NtW epWtdq;fis Nru;e;j ngz; gpujpepjpfs;

fye;J nfhz;ldu;.

xVV c k> \[ \k |

GJnly;ypapy; 2018 khu;r;-y; cyf tu;j;jf

mikg;gpd; mikr;ruit $l;lj;ij ,e;jpah elj;j cs;sjhf mwptpj;Js;sJ.

tsu;e;j kw;Wk; tsUk; ehLfspypUe;J Rkhu; 40 cyf tu;j;jf mikg;gpd;

cWg;gpdu;fs; ,e;j Kiwrhuh $l;lj;jpw;F ,e;jpahthy;

miof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;.

: ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; gutyhd kw;Wk; ntspg;gilahd

Kiwapy; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; gug;gsit cyf tu;j;jf mikg;G cWjpg;gLj;Jk;.

29

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 \VV|

VVF mwA D\hq;fha; xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; (SCO

– The Shanghai Cooperation organisation) ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd $l;lj;jpy; ,e;jpah Kjy; Kiwahf gq;Nfw;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; ,e;j mikg;gpd; uhZt xj;Jiog;G njhlu;ghd 2 ehs; MNyhridf; $l;lk; nga;[pq;fpy; eilngw;wJ.

SCO cWg;gpdu;fs;: 1. rPdh 2. f[f];jhd; 3. fpupfp];jhd; 4.

u\;ah 5. j[pfp];jhd;

6. c];ngfp];jhd; 7. ,e;jpah 8. ghfp];jhd;

,e;jikg;G murpay;> nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G tp\aj;ij ,ize;J nray;gLj;Jtjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.

Ntshz; kw;Wk; tdtpay; Jiwfspy; xj;Jiog;G

Nkk;gLj;j> 4tJ ,e;jpah - Mrpahd; mikr;ru;fSf;F

,ilapyhd re;jpg;G GJby;ypapy; ele;jJ. ,r;re;jpg;gpy;

r%f fyhr;rhu rKjhaj;jpw;fhd Mrpahdpd; Jizg;

nghJr; nrayhsu; kw;Wk; 10 Mrpahd; cWg;gpdu; ehLfspd;

jiytu;fSk; fye;Jf; nfhz;ldu;.

nraYj;jpfis tYthf vLj;Jr; nrhy;yTk;> gapu;fs;>

kPd;gpbj;jy; kw;Wk; fhy;eilfspd; Nkk;gl;l cw;gj;jp

kw;Wk; tpisr;rYf;F njhopy;El;g Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd

,ize;j Ma;it Nkw;nfhs;tJ Nghd;wit ,e;jr;

re;jpg;gpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fq;fshFk;.

Ntshz; kw;Wk; tdtpay; Jiwfspy; xj;Jiog;ig

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd> 5tJ ,e;jpah - Mrpahd;

mikr;ru;fSf;F ,ilapyhd re;jpg;G G&idapy;

eilngWnkd ,r;re;jpg;gpy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

4km gEBV[ ]BV \k ]A

Vzkm V|^

x>_ D _om^ \uD \V

l_ BV, VmVzkm

kwzD WEB _o \VW x>_k

s kV_ >V km^V.

Vm\V ]BVs_ Vm

Vzkm V|^ x>_

\V _o szm.

30


D2018_ ]BVs[ VV>V kE 7.3% 2018k; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp 7.63 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W cyf tq;fp fzpj;Js;sJ. &gha; Nehl;L thg];> ruf;F-Nrit tup mkyhf;fk; Nghd;w eltbf;iffshy; njhlf;fj;jpy; gpd;dilT Vw;gl;lhYk;> fle;j 2017-k; Mz;by; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhuk; 6.7 rjtPjk; tsu;r;rp mile;jJ. mJ> 2018-k; Mz;by;> 7.3 rjtPjkhf caUk;.mLj;J 2 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhuk; NkYk; tsu;r;rp mile;J> 7.5 rjtPjkhf ,Uf;Fk;. kw;w tsUk; ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy;> mLj;j 10 Mz;Lfspy; ,e;jpahtpd; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp mguptpjkhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j tsu;r;rpia vl;Ltjw;F> KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis ,e;jpa muR Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

x[kmV ^:

njhopyhsu;fs; re;ij> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rPu;jpUj;jk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;L> Nkk;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. njhopyhsu; Jiwiag; nghUj;j tiu> kw;w tsUk; ehLfSld; xg;gpLifapy;> ngz; njhopyhsu;fspd; gq;fspg;G ,e;jpahtpy; Fiwthf cs;sJ. vdNt> ngz; njhopyhsu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapd;ikiaf; Fiwg;gJ> jdpahh; KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gJ> epYitapy; cs;s thuhf; fld;fis t#ypg;gJ Mfpatw;iwr; nra;jhy;> nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapy; ,e;jpah Kd;NdWk;.

km kD V|^ Bo_]BVz 62km D

nghUshjhu mbg;gilapy; tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfspy;> ,e;jpahTf;F 62tJ ,lk; fpilj;Js;sjhf cyf nghUshjhu $l;likg;G mwpf;ifapl;Ls;sJ. cyf nghUshjhu $l;likg;G rhu;gpy;> nghUshjhuj;jpy; tsu;e;J tUk; ehLfs; gl;bay; jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jpy;> ,e;jpahTf;F 62tJ ,lKk;> gf;fj;J ehLfshd rPdhTf;F 26tJ ,lKk;> ghfp];jhDf;F 47tJ ,lKk; fpilj;Js;sJ. ,yq;iff;F 40 tJ ,lk; fpilj;Js;sJ.fle;jhz;L ,Nj Nghy; elj;jg;gl;l Ma;tpy;> ,e;jpah 60tJ ,lk; ngw;wpUe;j epiyapy;> ,e;ehz;L 62tJ ,lk; fpilj;js;sJ.

1.ehu;Nt ehLk;> 2.mau;yhe;J> 3.yf;rk;ugu;f;> 4.Rtpl;ru;yhe;J cs;spl;l ehLfs; mLj;jLj;j ,lq;fSk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

VVVD

31


k> cu] B_ (Global Manufacturing Index)

ru;tNjr cw;gj;jpf;fhd gl;baypy; ,e;jpahtpw;F 30tJ ,lj;ij cyfg; nghUsh-

jhu mikg;G toq;fpAs;sJ. vjpu;fhy

cw;gj;jpf;fhd jahu;epiy Fwpj;j

mwpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; [g;ghd; rpwe;J

tpsq;Ftjhf me;j mikg;G njuptpj;Js;sJ.

njd;nfhupah> n[u;kdp> Rtpr;ru;yhe;J>

rPdh> nrf; FbauR kw;Wk; mnkupf;fh

Mfpa ehLfs; Kd;dpiy ngw;Ws;sd.

Rtpr;ru;yhe;jpY;ss lhNth]; efupy;

ntspaplg;gl;l mwpf;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpd;

cw;gj;jpJiw 30 Mz;Lfspy; ruhrupahf

7rjtPjk; tsu;r;rpaile;J tUtjhfTk; ,J ,e;jpahtpd; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapy; 15

Kjy; 20 rjtPjkhf cs;sJ vd;Wk; njuptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

]BVs_ VB^ cu] >uVo\V W] kA ,e;jpahtpy; ehzaq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; gzpia kj;jpa muR jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp

itj;Js;sJ. re;ijfspy; mjpfstpy; ehzaq;fs; Njf;fk; mile;J cs;sjhy;> ,g;gzpia

jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlu;e;J &.5 kw;Wk; &.10 cs;spl;l ehzaq;fs;

jahupf;fg;gl;L te;j epiyapy; nrd;w thuk; Kjy; ,e;j Miyfspy; ehzaq;fs; jahupf;Fk;

gzp jw;fhypfkhf epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jw;NghJ ehzaq;fs; mr;rbj;J tUk; efuq;fs; 1. Kk;ig 2. nfhy;fj;jh 3.Ijughj; 4.neha;lh

Vetrii IAS Academy

VVVD

32


29 nghUs;fs; kw;Wk; 51

NritfSf;fhd ruf;F-Nrit

tup ([pv];b) Fiwf;fg;gl;ls;sJ.

ngUk;ghyhd iftpidg;

nghUs;fSf;F tup Kw;wpYkhf

ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kj;jpa

epjpaikr;ru; mUz; N[l;yp

jiyikapy; jpy;ypapd; [pv];b

fTd;rpypd; 25tJ $l;lk; eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; khepy mikr;ru;fs;> epjpaikr;rf mjpfhupfs;

cs;spl;Nlhu; gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,e;j tupf; Fiwg;G tUk; 25-k; Njjp Kjy; mkYf;F tUfpwJ.

kUjhzpNfhd;> kpl;lha;> gNah Bry;> FbePUf;fhd (20 ypl;lu; kl;Lk;) [pv];b tup

Fiwe;Js;sJ. vz;nza; vLf;fg;gl;l muprpj; jtpLf;F 5 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;j [pv];b

Kw;wpYkhf ePf;fg;gl;Ls;s;J. tptrhag; nghUs;fSf;F nty;ntl; JzpfSf;fhd [pv];b 12

rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 rjtPjj;Jf; nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sJ. nrhl;L ePu;g; ghrdk; mikf;Fk;

Foha; cs;spl;l fUtpfs;> tptrhapfs; gad;gLj;Jk; njspg;ghd; fUtpfs; Mfpatw;Wf;F

18 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;j [pv];b 12 rjtPjkhff; Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cuk; jahupf;fg; gad;gLk;

gh];Nghupf; mkpyj;Jf;Fk; tup Fiwe;Js;sJ. jdpahu; epWtdq;fs; tPl;l cgNahfj;Jf;fhf

tpw;gid nra;Ak; vupthA rpypz;lUf;fhd [pv];b 18 cgNahfj;Jf;fhf tpw;gid nra;Ak;

vupthA rpypz;lUf;fhd [pv];b 18 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 5 rjtPjkhff; Fiwe;Js;sJ. gioa

fhu; cs;spl;l Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fSf;fhd [pv];b 28 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J 18 rjtPjkhff;

Fiwe;Js;sJ. ,J jtpu nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;;fhd NgUe;Jfs; (capup vupnghUspy;

,aq;Fgit) kQ;rs; nghb> ituk; cs;spl;l tpiy cau;e;j fw;fs;> mwptpay; Ma;Tf;fhd

rhjdq;fs;> Nfspf;if G+q;fhf;fSf;fhd EioTf; fl;lz tup Njhy; nghUs;fs; jahupf;Fk;

rpy;yiw Ntiy> nghJf; fopT Rj;jpfupg;G epiya Nritfs;> Rw;Wyh Nritfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F

[pv];b tup Fiwf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fle;j 2017 Mz;L [_iy 1-k; Njjp [pv];b tup mkYf;F te;jJ. 5> 12> 18> 28 rjtPjk;

vd ehd;F mLf;fhf [pv];b tup tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ. khjk;NjhWk; [pv];b fTd;rpy; $l;lk;

elj;jg;gLk; mjpy; Njitahd khw;wq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Kf;fpakhd

gy;NtW nghUs;fSf;fhd tupia khepyq;fspd; fUj;JfSf;F Vw;g kj;jpa muR Fiwj;J

tUfpwJ. Kd;djhf> ghf;nfl;Lfspy; milf;fg;gl;L tpw;gid nra;ag;gl;L goq;fs;>

fha;fwpfs;> czTg; nghUs;fs;> CWfha; tiffs;> fLfpy; ,Ue;J jahupf;fg;gLk; rh]; kw;Wk;

[hk;> Ke;jpupg; gUg;G> ru;f;fiu Nehahspfs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,d;Rypd; kUe;J> mfu;gj;jpfs;

cs;spl;l gy;NtW nghUs;fSf;fhd tup Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.

29 V^z zA

[pv];b fTd;rpypd; 25-tJ $l;lk;:

VVVD

34


]

D..[ >Vz] \DV| W] ]D 2020D g| k A ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdu;fspd; (vk;.gp) njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjpj; jpl;lk;> 2020-Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 31tiu ePl;bf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;djhf> ,e;jj; jpl;lk; 12MtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;l fhyj;Jld; (2012 Kjy; 2017 tiu) Kbtiltjhf ,Ue;jJ. vdpDk;> ,jid 14tJ epjpf;FO fhykhd 2020 khu;r; 31Mk; Njjp tiu ePl;bf;f kj;jpa mikr;ruitf; $l;lj;jpy; mDkjp mspf;fg;gl;lJ.

\V\V V] V sV BVV gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; xLf;fg;gl;l Fbkf;fspd; eyDf;fhf kfhj;kh fhe;jp rh;;ghj; tpfh]; Nah[dh jpl;lj;ij gQ;rhg; khepy muR njhlq;fpAs;sJ. ,e;jj; jpl;lk; rKjhaj;jpd; rpukg;gl;l gpupTfspd; cs;slq;fpa tsu;r;rpia Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,J me;jpNahjah nfhs;iffspd; tupirapy; kw;Wk; khepyj;jpd; fpuhkg;Gwg; gFjpfspy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

VD: khepy murhy; njhlq;fg;gl;l gy;NtW eyj;jpl;lq;fspd; eyd;fis ngwhky; ,oe;j Vio kw;Wk; $wpa FLk;gq;fis milahsk; fhz;gJ MFk;.

D sQVM zs 4 A]B ] sm ehl;by; ,sk; tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Ma;thsh;;;fis Cf;Ftpf;f ehd;F Gjpa jpl;lq;fis mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk; mikr;rfk; mwptpj;Js;sJ. mitfshtd:

Muha;r;rp rpwg;G jd;ikf;fhd Mrpupah;; $l;LwT (TARE – Teacher Associateship for research Excellence) jpl;lk;

Xtu;rP]; tprpl;bq; lhf;Nlhuy; bgy;nyh\pg;

Gfo;ngw;w Gydha;thsh; tpUJ

Mt;rhh; (AWSAR – Augmenting writing skills for Artculating Research) ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fs; Kjd;ikahf tpsq;Fk; tpQ;Qhdp Kiwapy; ,sk; jpwikf;F Muk;g mq;fPfhuk; kw;Wk; ntFkjp Mfpatw;iw mspf;fpwJ.

vk;.gp.f;fspd; njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjp jpl;lk;: ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; xt;nthU kf;fsit cWg;gpdUf;Fk; Mz;Lf;F jyh &.1 Nfhb njhFjp Nkk;ghl;L epjp xJf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;njhifiaf; nfhz;L mtu;fs; jq;fs; njhFjpfspy; FbePu;> fy;tp> nghJ Rfhjhuk;> rhiy mikj;jy; cs;spl;l gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. fle;j 1993-94k; Mz;L Kjy; ,e;jj; jpl;lk; mkypy; cs;sJ.

35

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 ]

xu \z V>V c]kV>D ]D kzpg;g+u; murhq;fk; Vio kw;Wk; CdKw;w kf;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu cj;juthjkhd ‘Kjyikr;rh; - fP i`f;nry;fp nlq;ngq; (Chief minister – gi Hakshelgi Tengbang) vd;gij epWtpAs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ muR kUj;Jtkidfspy; Rfhjhu ikaq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l jdpahu; kUj;Jtkidfspy; ViofSf;F ,ytr rpfpr;ir mspf;f topnra;fpwJ.

,j;jpl;lk; VO Kf;fpa milahsk; fhzg;gl;l Kf;fpa tpahjpfSf;F rpfpr;iraspf;f jFjpAs;s FLk;gj;jpw;F &.2 ,yl;rk; tiu fhg;gPL mspf;fpwJ.

,ja Neha;fs;> euk;gpay; epiyikfs;> rpWePuf tpahjpfs;> fy;yPuy; tpahjp> Gw;WNeha;> Gjpa gpwg;G rhu;e;j kw;Wk; jPf;fhaq;fs; Nghd;wit Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Neha;fshFk;.

VV >ix EkVM BVV fhyepiy nefpo;jpwd; Ntshz;ikia Nkk;gLj;Jtij Neha;f;fkhff; nfhz;l &.4000 Nfhb kjpg;Gs;s ,j;jpl;lj;ij kfhuh\;buh xg;Gjy; mspj;Js;sJ.

,j;jpl;lk; 2018-19k; Mz;L Kjy; 2022-24 tiu njhlUk; 15 khtl;lq;fspy; 5142 fpuhkq;fspy; ,e;j jpl;lk; mky;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ fy;tp> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; fpuhkGw Ra ek;gpf;if Mfpa Jiwfspy; gzpahw;wpa r%f Mh;tyh; kw;Wk; gj;k tpG\d; tpUJ ngw;w ehdh[p Nj\;Kf; mth;fspd; ngauhy; njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ.

VD: kz;zpd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;JNjhL> fhyepiy khWghLfis jhq;Fk; czT jhdpa tiffis cUthf;FtJ MFk;. NkYk; Fwpg;gpl;l gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ePu; fpilg;gjd; tpisthf gapu; Kiwfspy; khw;wq;fis nfhz;L tUtjhFk;.

>mV^^

khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQh;fSf;F epjpA-jtp toq;Ftjw;fhf ,j;jpl;lj;ij njhlq;fpaJ.

,j;jpl;lk; Kf;fpakhf khepy ,yf;fpak; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQu;fspd; eyDf;fhf njhlq;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; fiyQu;fSf;F khje;NjhWk; &.1200 epjpcjtp toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

kj;jpa ghuhSkd;w tptfhuq;fs; mikr;rfk; mjd; nray;ghLfis b[pl;ly; Mf;Ftjw;Fk; kw;Wk; fhfpjkpy;yhky; nra;tjw;Fk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,-rd;rhj; kw;Wk; khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspy; ,-tpjhd; Mfpa jpl;lq;fis epWt cs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ghuhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; khepy rl;lkd;wq;fspd; Mtzq;fs;> tpthjq;fs;> Ngr;Rfs;> FO mwpf;iffs; kw;Wk; Nfs;tpfs; Mfpatw;iw b[pl;ly; kakhf;FtJld; mtw;iw ,izajsj;jpy; gjpNtw;wk; nra;ag;gLk;.

x>V \] VV VB>V BVV

-[V \uD -s>V[ ]D

36

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018]

_ \V sV ]DnghUshjhu tptfhuq;fSf;fhd kj;jpa

fhgpdl; fkpl;b fq;if ejp kPjhd

1380fp.kP `hy;bah - thudhrp Njrpa

ePh;top - 1 jlj;jpy; top nrYj;Jjy; jpwd;

mjpfupg;gjw;fhd ,j;jpl;lj;ij xg;Gjy;

mspj;Js;sJ.

,j;jpl;lkhdJ &. 5370 Nfhb &ghAld;

cyf tq;fpapd; njhopy;El;g cjtp kw;Wk;

KjyPl;L MjuTld; nray;gLj;jg;gl

cs;sJ. ,j;jpl;lk; khu;r; 2008w;Fs;

epiwtilAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

NARI k>D \uD -DkV k> ]D NARI tiyjsk; kj;jpag; ngz;fs; kw;Wk;

Foe;ij Kd;Ndw;w mikr;rfk; ngz;fSf;F mjpfhukspj;JYf;fhf NARI Md;iyd; tiyjsj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

NARI tiyjsk; ngz;fSf;F jq;fs; tho;f;ifiag; ghjpf;Fk; gpur;ridfs; Fwpj;j jfty;fis toq;Fk; ,-rk;thj; tiyjsk;. kj;jpa ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ij Kd;Ndw;w mikr;rfk;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; rpty; r%fq;fs; mikr;rfj;ijj; njhlu;G nfhs;tjw;fhd Nkilia toq;Ftjw;fhf ,-rk;thj; tiyjsj;ij epWtpAs;sJ.

,J ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Foe;ijfspd; eyDf;fhf gads;s nfhs;iffisAk;> eltbf;iffisAk; cUthf;Fk;.

x>\

c>s]Dxbrh khepyj;jpYs;s ,yf;fpak;

kw;wk; fyhr;rhu fiyQu;fSf;F

Kjyikr;ru; fiy cjtpj;jpl;lj;ij

xbrh khepy muR njhlq;fp cs;sJ.

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; khje;NjhWk;

&.1200I fiyQu;fSf;F epjpAjtp

ngWthh;fs;.

Vetrii IAS Academy

37

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 ]

,e;jpahtpy; vg;35 uf n[l; Nghu;

tpkhdq;fisj; jahupj;Jj; ju mnkupf;fhtpd;

Kd;dzp tpkhdf; fl;Lkhd kw;Wk;

ghJfhg;G epWtdkhd yhf;`Pl; khu;l;bd;

jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghf me;j epWt-

dk; ,e;jpahTf;F vd;W gpuj;Nafkhf n[l;

Nghu; tpkhdq;fisj; jahupg;gJ vd;W KbT

nra;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahTf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l

cs;s me;j mjpetPd tpkhdq;fs; Kd;Ngh>

jw;NghNjh ve;jnthU tpkhdj; jahupg;G

epWtdKk; tpepNahfpf;fhj tifapyhd

jahupg;Gfshf ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; ,e;jpahtpy;

jahupf;fg;Lk; Nghu; tpkhdq;fSf;F

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijAk;

cs;sJ.

,e;jpahTf;fhf jahupf;fg;gl

cs;s vg; 35 ufn[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fspd;

]BVs_ V s\V >BV\ WkD ]D

msT> mtw;wpd; ntw;wp Nghd;wit ,e;jpa njhopy;Jiw cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ju Nkk;ghl;L tha;g;Gfis Kd;ndg;NghJk; ,y;yhj mstpy; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s cjTk;. ,e;j tpkhdq;fs; ,e;jpahtpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtjd; %yk; cyfpd; kpfg;ngupa Nghu; tpkhdq;fis cUntLf;f KbAk;. ,e;jpahtpy; tpkhdj; jahupg;G epWtdq;fSk; cUntLf;f KbAk;. ,e;jpahtpy; tpkhd ghfq;fis xd;wpizg;gJ vd;gijf; fhl;bYk;> tpkhdq;fis mq;NfNa cw;gj;jp nra;tJ vd;w #oiy cUthf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. ,e;jpahTf;F gpuj;Nafkhf toq;fg;gl cs;s n[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fs; kpfTk; etPdkhf njhopy;El;gj;ijf; nfhz;lit. mNj Nghy; vg; 35 ufj;ijr; Nru;e;j %d;W tifahd n[l; Nghu; tpkhdq;fSk; xw;iw vd;[pidf;

nfhz;litahFk;.

cB_sz _kV[ >twD x>oD2016-17 ]B cB_s gF l[, cB_sz _kV[ l_ >twmz x>oD ]m. >tw]_ cB_s _kV[ 46.9 >T>D gzD. > >EB s_ 25.2 >T>\V c^m \]B \M>k \DV|m \ Vi k >\l_, _ol_ u \]B _s gV kVB][ 65-km ]_ u >tw cB_sm \ .. [w[ >s>V.

‘HD' V V^ xD>tw]_ ^ s WkD k ]l_ ‘HD' V V x|mm.k V V^ kwzD ]D:>tw]_ c^ ^ s Wk kVBVz k V V^, kwzD ]> x>_k wMVt 2017 . 2D >] >V k>V. 13 m 28 glm 843 V V^ >uVm k |, B_V|z km^. [l_ 30 glD V V^ kw|, 22 glD V^ |^.

38


sm

ij Kjy;ehshk; jkpo; Gj;jhz;L kw;Wk; nghq;fy; jpUehisnahl;b ,e;j Mz;Lk; gyJiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w jkpou;fSf;F ngupahh; tpUJ jkpof Kj;jkpo; kd;wj;jhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. [dtup 15> 16 Mfpa ,uz;L ehl;fs; nrd;id ngupahh; jplypy; eilngWk; jpuhtplu; jpUehs; tpohtpy; ,t;tpUJfs; toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

ngupahu; tpUJ ngWgtu;fs;: 1. ebfu; tp[a; NrJgjp

2. ftpQu; nrt;tpad;

3 jpiug;gl ,af;Feu; Nfhgp eapdhh;

4. giwapirf; fiyQu; NtY Mrhd;

5. Xtpau; `hrpg;fhd;

6. ,af;Feu; ebfu; uhjhfpU\;zd; ghh;j;jpgd;

7. kuhj;jhd; tPuu; irij kh.Rg;gpukzpad;

8. ,d;dpir Ve;jy; jpUGtdk; Mj;kehjd;

9. ,af;Feu; xspg;gjpthsu; nropad;

10. ftpQu; ry;kh

11. Xtpau; mguh[pjd;

MfpNahu;f;F ngupahh; tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

Vs VD sm ebfu; Rjpu; jy;tpf;F ,t;tpUJ toq;fg;gl;;Ls;sJ. ,t;tpUJ jhNd khefuhl;rp kw;Wk; [hdftp gp rhyuk; fiyf; FOthy; ,ize;J toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

fq;f [Kdh tpUJ

gpugy eldf; fiyQu; n[a= T.mtu;fSf;F fq;f [Kdh tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ. ,t;tpUJ fhyukhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l gpugy ghlypd; epidthf toq;fg;gLfpwJ. uhkhde;j rhfupd; uhkhad; vd;Dk; njhiyfhl;rp njhlupy; Kf;fpa fjhgj;jpukhd FU trpl;lu; fjhgj;jpuj;jpy; ebj;jjd; %yk; Gfo; ngw;whu;.

"WVV]' sm Nfus muR rhh;gpy; mspf;fg;gLk; kjpg;G kpf;f tpUJfspy; xd;whd ep\h fhe;jp tpUJf;F guj ehl;ba Mrpupah;fs; jdQ;rad; - rhe;jh jdQ;rad; jk;gjp Njh;T nra;ag;gl;ldh;.

ep\hfhe;jp tpUJ : ,ir kw;Wk; eldk; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fgth;fis Mz;LNjhWk; Njh;T nra;J Nfus Rw;Wyhj;Jiw ,t;tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpj;J tUfpwJ. ,tu;fSf;F &.1.50 yl;rk; nuhf;fKk;> ghuhl;Lr; rhd;wpjOk; toq;fg;gLk;. ,irQhdp ,isauh[h> Nkhfpdpahl;lf; fiyQu; ghujp rpth[p MfpNahUf;F ,e;j tpUJ ,jw;F Kd;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

11s^

je;ij ngupahh; Kj;jkpo; kd;wk; 1995-k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;L 24 Mz;Lfshf ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; cs;spl;l gy;NtW Jiwfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;Fgtu;fSf;F tpUJ toq;fp fTutpj;J tUfpwJ.

sm

39


sBVVz E> sm: [pNah-gpypk;Ngu; tpUJ tpohtpy; tpj;ahghyDf;F rpwe;j ebiff;fhd tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. 63-tJ [pNah gpypk;Ngu; tpUJ tpoh Kk;igapy; eilngw;wJ.

rpwe;j glj;Jf;fhd tpUJ - ,e;jp kPbak;

rpwe;j ,af;FeUf;fhd tpUJ - m];tpd; ma;au; (gNuyp fp gu;gp jpiug;glk;)

rpwe;j ebfUf;fhd tpUJ - ,u;ghd; fhd; (,e;jp kPbak;)

rpwe;j ebif tpUJ - tpj;ahghyd; (Jk;fhup RYgk;)

c u \A sm: ];ngapdpy; eilngw;w If;fpa ehLfs; cyf Rw;Wyh mikg;gpd; 14-tJ tpUJfs; toq;Fk; tpohtpy; ‘xbrhtpd; kq;fy N[hjp Rw;Wr;#oy; mwf;fl;lis” Rw;Wyh epWtdj;jpd; Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhf ngUikkpF If;fpa ehLfs; cyf Rw;Wyh mikg;gpd; tpUij ntd;wJ.

kq;fy N[hjp Rw;Wr;#oy; mwf;fl;lis: xbrhtpYs;s rpypf;fh Vupapd; fiuNahuq;fspy; Mu;gpv]; gTz;Nl\dpd; ,e;jpah

kw;Wk; ,e;jpah fpuhNkd; Nritfs; Mfpatw;why; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpw;F nrhe;jkhd JiwahFk;.

cyfshtpa Rw;Wyh mikg;G:Rw;Wyhit epiyahf kw;Wk; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; mDff;$ba Kiwapy;

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd I.eh. rigapd; epWtdk; MFk;.

>tw B sm^ 2017-18 jkpof murpd; 2017-2018k; Mz;Lf;fhd ,yf;fpa tpUJfs; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.

jha;nkhop> ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rp> jkpo; rKjha cau;T Mfpatw;wpf;F njhz;lhw;wp ngUik

Nru;j;j jkpo; NguwpQu;fs;. jd;dykw;w jiytu;fs; ngaupy; tpUJfis cUthf;fp cs;sJ.

1. jpUts;Stu; tpUJ - Nfh. ngupaz;zd;

2. ngupahu; tpUJ - gh. tsu;kjp

3. mk;Ngj;fu; tpUJ - [hu;[; Nf.N[.

4. mz;zh tpUJ - m. Rg;ukzpad;

5. fhkuh[u; tpUJ - jh.uh.jpdfud;

6. ghujpahu; tpUJ - f.ghyRg;gukzpad;

7. ghujpjhrd; tpUJ - Nf.[Ptghujp

8. jpU.tp.f. tpUJ - ghyFkhud;

9. fp.M.ng. tpRtehjk; - kUjehafk;

sm

40


18 EVz >EB Ty sm^

\]B sA

fle;j Mz;Lf;fhd Njrpa tPu jPu tpUJfSf;F 18 rpwhu;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Njrpa mstpy; tPujPur; nray;fs; GupAk; rpwhu;fSf;F kj;jpa

muR Mz;LNjhWk; tpUJfis toq;fp nfsutpj;J tUfpwJ. ghuj; tpUJ> fPjh Nrhg;uh

tpUJ> rQ;ra; Nrhg;uh tpUJ> ghG ifjhdp tpUJ> nghJ tPu jPu tpUJ Mfpa 5 gpupTfspy;

,e;j tpUJfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epiyapy;> 2017-k; Mz;Lf;fhd tpUJfSf;F 11

khztu;fs;> 6 khztpfs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

1. cj;jug;gpuNjr khepyj;jpy; r%f tpNuhj rf;jpfspd; mr;RWj;jiyAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky;>

rl;l tpNuhj #jhl;l Fk;gy; Fwpj;J fhty; JiwapdUf;F Jg;G nfhLj;j ehrpah (18)

vd;w khztpf;F ghuj; tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

2. fu;ehlf khepyj;jpy; Fsk; xd;wpy; %o;fpa 2 rpWtu;fis kPl;f Kad;w Neej;uhtjp

vk;. Rthz; (14) vd;w khztpf;F> mtUila kiwTf;Fg; gpwF fPjh Nrhg;uh tpUJ

toq;fg;glTs;sJ. Fsj;jpy; %o;fpa 16taJ khztid kPl;L ntspNa nfhz;L te;j

Nej;uhtjp kw;nwhU rpWtid kPl;f Kbahky; ePupy; %o;fp capupoe;jhu;.

3. tPujPur; nray;fspd;NghJ capupoe;j kp]huk; khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j yhy; re;jkh (17)

kzpg;G+iur; Nru;e;j Nyhf;uhf;gk; uhN[];tup rhD (15) MfpNahUf;Fk; tPujPu tpUJfs;

toq;fg;glTs;sd.

4. gQ;rhg; khepyj;jpy; gs;sj;jpy; tpOe;J ePupy; %o;fpa gs;spg; NgUe;jpy; ,Ue;J 15

rpwhu;fisg; gj;jpukhf kPl;l fuz;tPu; rpq;(17) vd;gtUf;F rQ;ra; Nrhg;uh tpUJ

toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

5. Nkfhyaj;jpy; jPg;gw;wp vupe;j tPl;by; ,Ue;j 3 taJ jk;gpia kPl;l ngl;\;th[hd;

ngapd;yhq; (14) vd;w khztuUf;Fk;> xb]htpy; Kjiyapd; thapy; ,Ue;J jdJ

Njhopia kPl;l kk;jh jyha;(7) vd;w rpWkpf;Fk;> Nfusj;ijr; Nru;e;j nrgh];bad;

tpd;nrd;l; (13) vd;w rpWtUf;Fk; ghG ifjhdp tpUJ toq;fg;glTs;sJ.

6. uha;g;G+iur; Nru;e;j yl;Rkp ahjt; (16)> ehfhyhe;ijr; Nru;e;j khd\h (13)> rq;Nghd;

Nfhd;ahf; (18)> Nahf;Nda; (18)> rpq;if thq;]h (18)> F[uhj;ijr; Nru;e;j rk;upjp

R\py; ru;kh (17)> kpNrhuk; khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j NrhDe;j;Ythq;fh (16)> cj;jufz;l;

khepyj;ijr; Nru;e;j gq;f[; Nrk;thy; (16)> kfhuh\;buj;ijr; Nru;e;j elhg; ,[h]; mg;Jy;

nusg; (17) xb]hitr; Nru;e;j gq;f[; k`e;jh(15) MfpNahUk; tPu jPu tpUJfSf;F

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;.

sm

41


,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ikahd JiwKfk; [tfu;yhy; JiwKfk; 2017-k;

Mz;Lf;fhd ‘rKj;uh ke;jd;” tpUij ntd;Ws;sJ. fly;rhu; Jiwapy; vup

nghUs; njhlu;ghd MNuhf;fpakhd Nghl;bf;F ,l;Lr; nry;tij Nehf;fkhff;

nfhz;Ls;s ,t;tpUij ge;ju;fs; fg;gy; epWtdk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

kf;fs; [dehaf fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;J Kg;jp Kfkj; raPj; epidthf murp

-ay; kw;Wk; nghJ tho;tpy; nrayhw;Wgtu;fSf;F Mz;LNjhWk; tpUJfs;

toq;f jPu;khdpdf;fg;gl;L mt;tifapy; Kjy;Kiwahf Kg;jp Kfkjp epidT

tpUJf;FgPfhu; Kjy;tu; epjp\; Fkhh; Nju;T nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

gpugy jpiug;gl kw;Wk; ehlf ebfukhd nrskpj;uh Rl;Nlh ghj;aha;f;F>

2018f;fhd 42tJ ru;tNjr nfhy;fj;jh fz;fhl;rpapd; NghJ> gpuhd;rpd; kpf

cau;e;j tpUij(Legion of Honour) nfhLj;Jf; nfsutpf;fg;l;lhu;.

gpnuQ;R fhyzp Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l ghuk;gupa rpd;dq;fis ehl;by;

ghJfhj;J tUtjpy; gy Mz;Lfshf jPtpu Kidg;G nrYj;jp tUfpwhu;

nly;ypiar; Nru;e;j gpugy fl;lf;fiy epGzu; I];tu;ah bg;dp];f;F nrthypah

tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ.

g] \ VV Vz m_ VD sm Me;jpu khepy jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiw mikr;rUk;> Kjy;tu; re;jpughG ehALtpd; kfDkhd ehuh NyhNf\Pf;F mg;Jy; fyhk; tpUJ toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. epu;thfj;jpy; GJikfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpajw;fhf> mtUf;F ,e;j tpUJ toq;fg;gl;lJ. khepy gpuptpidf;Fg; gpwF> Gjpa khepykhd Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> gy;NtW rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;j khepyj;ij tUk;> 2022k; Mz;Lf;Fs;Kjy; %d;W Kd;dzp khepyq;fspy; xd;whf cUthf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kjy;tu; re;jpughG ehAL njhiyNehf;Fj; jpl;lj;ij tFj;Js;shu;.

khepyj;jpy; epu;thfj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy;NtW GJikfisf; nfhz;L te;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;j epiyapy;> vdf;F mg;Jy; fyhk; tpUij mspj;jpUg;gJ> Me;jpu khepyj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;F NkYk; ghLgl Ntz;Lk; vd;w Cf;fj;ijf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ vd;whu; ehuh NyhNf\;.

EkF]^

sm

42


xB ]^:

k 5 c uw_

k 10 c EA ]D

k 15 Vbk ]D

k 17 c \> ]D

k 24 zw> ]D

k 25 >EB kVV ]D, ]BV uV ]D

k 26 ]B zB ]D

k 26 k> ]D

k 30 ]^ ]D

k 30 V k_E aA ]D

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ngz;fs; Nkk;ghL mtrpak; vd;W typAWj;jpa FbauRj; jiytu;> mjd; nghUl;L

rhjid kq;iffSf;F rupahd mq;fPfhuk; mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; $wpAs;shu;.

mjd;gb> epfohz;by; 112 ngz;fs; Kd;Ndhb tpUJf;Fj; Nju;thfpdu;.

Kd;djhf tpUJ ngw;w nry;tp NgRifapy;> rpW rpW ntspr;rq;fs; xd;wpize;J ngUk; xsp

gpufhrj;ij gpurtpg;gJ Nghy;> vd;Dila ,e;j rpW Kaw;rpAk; yl;rf;fzf;fhd ngz;fspd;

rhjidg; glykhf cUkhWk; vd;whu;. FbauRj; jiytu; khspifapy; eilngw;w

,e;epfo;r;rpapy; kj;jpa mikr;ru; Nkdfh fhe;j cs;spl;Nlhu;

gq;Nfw;wdu;. ,J njhlu;ghd jfty;fis

kj;jpa muR nra;jpf; Fwpg;ghf

ntspapl;Ls;sJ.

sm

43


xB ]^

>EB Q ]Dkiwe;j Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; gpwe;j jpdj;ijnahl;b [dtup 12 mtUf;F gpujku; eNue;jpu Nkhb cs;spl;l jiytu;fs; kupahij nrYj;jpAs;sdh;. Njrpa ,isQu; jpdkhd [dtup 12 Gjpa ,e;jpahitf; fl;Ltpf;Fk; ,sk; jiyKiwapdupd; Mu;tk;> ehl;bd; ,sk; jiyKiwapdUf;F rpuk;jho;j;jp kupahij nrYj;JfpNwd; vdj; njuptpj;Js;shh;.

nfhy;fj;jhtpy; fle;j 1863k; Mz;L [dtup khjk; 12k; Njjp gpwe;jhh;. jdJ 39tJ tajpy;> fle;j 1902k; Mz;L [Piy khjk; 4k; Njjp mtu; capupoe;jhh;. mtuJ gpwe;j jpdk;. Mz;LNjhWk; kj;jpa murhy; Njrpa ,isQu; jpdkhff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

c N] V^1975-k; Mz;L eilngw;w

cyf `pe;jp khehl;bd; Kjy;

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12k

10k

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44


s_a_OD\

Vs[ 100km BuV^ ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Ma;T ikaj;jpd; 100-tJ nraw;iff;Nfhs; nts;spf;fpoik [dtup 12 tpz;zpy; nrYj;jg;gLk; vd;W ,];Nuh nraw;iff;Nfhs; ikaj;jpd; ,af;Feu; kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu njuptpj;jhh;.

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VBgF-VVxDehrh #upadpd; ntspg;Gw #o;epiyia Muha ehrh ,t;tha;it epWt cs;sJ. nrwpe;j

ntg;gk; kw;Wk; #upaf; fjpu; tPr;rpd; mghafukhd gFjpfspy; ,jd; mwptpay; Ma;Tfis ,J elj;Jk;.

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s_(\)Va_OD

45


'Ri”DR ,e;jpahtpd; kpf Ntfkhd kw;Wk; kjy; gy;-gPl;lh g;Nshg;];

(PF) #g;gu; fk;g;A+l;lu; GNdit ikakhff; nfhz;l ,e;jpa ntg;gkz;ly thdpiy epWtdj;jhy; (IITM – Indian Institute of Tropical Meteortogy) ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fk;g;A+l;lUf;F ‘gpuj;A+\;” vd ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;F #upad; vd;W nghUs;.

thdpiy kw;Wk; fhyepiy Muha;r;rpf;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l cyfpd; ehd;fhtJ kpf Ntfkhf #g;gu; fk;g;A+l;lu; gpuj;A+\; MFk;.

V_\uDV[t[VVWkc^mGtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J 96fp.kPf;F mg;ghy; cs;s madp kz;lyj;ij Muha;tjw;F

ehrh Nfhy;l; (GOLD) kw;Wk; Ifhd; (ICON) vd;w ,U kp\d;fis epWtd cs;sJ.

madpaLf;F Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J 80fp.kP Kjy; 500 fp.kP tiu gutpf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,J madpaLf;F vd miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; tsp kz;lyj;jpd; ,g;gFjpapy; #upaf;fjpu;fs; kpd; nrwpT+l;lg;gLtjyhFk;.

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M 5 KOf;f> KOf;f cs;ehl;bNyNa jahupf;fg;gl;l mf;dp - 5 VTfizahdJ Rkhu; 5000 fpNyh kPl;lu; njhiytpy; cs;s vjpupfspd; jsthlq;fis mopf;Fk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ghJfhg;G Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L mikg;ghy; (bMu;bX) tbtikf;fg;gl;l mf;dp -5 VTfizapd;

nkhj;j vil 50 ld; MFk;. Rkhu; 1.5ld; vil tiuapyhd mZ MAjq;fisj; jhq;fpr; nry;Yk; jpwd; mjw;F cz;L. mijj; jtpu> topfhl;Lk; (NetpNf\d;) trjpAk;> NtW rpy njhopy;El;;g trjpfSk; mjpy; mike;Js;sd. 17.5 kPl;lu; ePsk; nfhz;l mf;dp-5 VTfizapd; Kjy; Nrhjid fle;j 2012-k; Mz;L eilngw;wJ. mijj; njhlu;e;J 2013> 2015> 2016 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; mLj;jLj;J ntw;wpfukhf Nrhjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

s_(\)Va_OD

46


g\g\

>k >tw][ Ek[ WB\ ,e;jpa tpz;ntsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; (,];Nuh) jiytuhf jkpofj;jpd; Nf.rptd; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;. ,];Nuh jiytu; fpuz; Fkhhpd; gjtpf;fhyk; Kbtijj; njhlu;e;J Gjpa jiytuhf rptd; epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;.

.Ek[ E >k_^: fd;dpahFkup khtl;lj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;. ,g;NghJ rptd; tpf;uk; rhuhgha; tpz;ntsp ikaj;jpd; ,af;Feuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. nrd;id vk;Ibapy; 1980-y; VNuhdhl;bf;fy; ,d;[pdpaupq; Kbj;J> 1982y; ngq;f@upy; ,e;jpa mwptpay; epWtdj;jpy; vk;, gl;lKk;> Kk;ig IIb-apy; Kidtu; gl;lKk; ngw;whh;. 1982y; ',];Nuhtpy; gpv];vy;tp jpl;lj;jpy; rptd; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;wpdhh;. mwptpay; Nritf;fhf 2014-y; nrd;id rj;aghkh gy;fiyf;fofk; lhf;lu; gl;lKk;> tpf;uk; rhuhgha; Muha;r;rp tpUJ cl;gl gy;NtW tpUJfSk; ngw;Ws;shh;. 3 Mz;LfSf;F gjtpapy; ,Ug;ghh;.

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,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; ngz;

tof;fwpQu; Mthh;. fle;j 35 tUlq;fshf ,tu; tof;fwpQuhf gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa tof;fwpQu;fs; gyuplk; ,tu; [Pdpauhf ,Ue;Js;shh;. mNjNghy; rpy Kf;fpakhd tof;Ffspy; ,tu; M[uhfp ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e;J ky;N`hj;uh fu;ehlf khepyk; ngq;f@iu Nru;e;jtu; Mthh;. gy;NtW cau;ePjp kd;wq;fspy; ,tu; ePjpgjpahf gzpahw;wp ,Uf;fpwhh;. ,e;j mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; cr;rePjpkd;w nfhyP[pak; ,tUf;F gjtp cau;T toq;fg;gl;L cs;sJ.

,e;J ky;N`hj;uh:

c k> E[E_ >kV [M k >E kV ]B kDVka k> [M k, kVk >\V V c k> [E_ (WBCSD) >kV WBt|^V. | k V]uz k BVu^V. kz x[V RMk >\ WkV ]VBV Vo>V.

47

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 g\

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vdNt> 3 ,e;jpa Nju;jy; Mizau;fs; gjtpapy; xd;W fhypahdjhy; mg;gjtpf;F Kd;dhs; nghUshjhu nrayu; mNrhf; yhth]h epakpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;. 1980-k; Mz;L IVv]; mjpfhupahf `upahzhtpy; ,Ue;J epakpf;fg;gl;ltu; Mthu;.

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x>_ B D.. Z _M[ x>_ B VV\[ cV Z _ k V| ]EBV >VaV E >k t V[ >VD \m^ Ww_ \kl[ { \V WBtm^V.Ww_ \k [V_ [?>k_^ :M_ gD E[ \k s\E>uzD, >k V|k>uzD >V ]E Ww_ \kB \m kwD. >[ ]E JD kV mzD Ww_ V \^ WBt|kV^. k^ E_ mB kzD \D ^s Akm \VzD. > kl_ ]EBVm \Vu V_ B_|D.

48


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sV|

49


gdpr;rWf;fpy; ,e;jpahTf;F Kjy; gjf;fk;ru;tNjr ];fp (gdpr;rWf;F) Nghl;bapd; kfspu; gpuptpy; ,e;jpahtpd; MQ;ry; jhf;Fu;

ntz;fyg; gjf;fk; ntd;whu;. ,J ru;tNjr gdpr;rWf;fpy; ,e;jpahTf;fhd Kjy; gjf;fk;

MFk;.

kfhuh\;buh Xgd;: thif $bdhu; irkd;kfhuh\;buh Xgd; nld;dp]l Nghl;bapy; gpuhd;rpd; fpy;ny]; irkd;> njd; Mg;gpupf;fhtpd;

nftpd; Md;lu;rid tPo;j;jp rhk;gpad; Mdhu;.

Mltu; ,ul;ilau; gpuptpy; neju;yhe;jpd; kl;nt kpby;$g; - uhgpd; `Pr; N[hb ntd;wdu;.

gpup];Ngd; nld;dp]; : Nfhg;ig ntd;whu; fpup[pNah];gpup];Ngd; ru;tnjr nld;dp]; Nghl;bapd; Mltu; xw;iwau; gpuptpy; M];jpNuypahtpd; epf;

fpu;[pNah]; rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;whu;.

,g;Nghl;bapd; ,Wjpr; Rw;wpy; mnkupf;fhtpd; iuahd; `huprid tPo;j;jpdhu;.

gpup];Ngd; nld;dp]; : vypdh ];tpNlhypdh rhk;gpad;kfspu; xw;iwau; gpuptpy; cyfpd; 6k; epiy tPuhq;fidahd vypdh ];tpNlhypdh rhk;gpad;

Mdhu;. ,J mtuJ 10tJ gl;lkhFk;.

WTA Mf;yhe;J Xgd; nld;dp];; 2018: [Pypah [hu;[; rhk;gpad;epa+rpyhe;jpd; Mf;yhe;jpy; eilngw;w WTA Mf;yhe;J Xgd; nld;dp]; 2018 ,Wjpr;Rw;wpy; n[u;kdpapd; [Pypah [hu;f; nld;khu;f; fNuhypd; Nth];dpahf;fpia Njhw;fbj;jhu;.

Nfuk; : jkpof rpWkpfs; rhk;gpad;Kk;igapy; eilngw;w 44tJ Njrpa rg;-[Pdpau; kw;Wk; khepyq;fs; ,ilNaahd Nfuk;

rhk;gpa\pg; Nghl;bapy; jkpof rpWkpfs; ,U gpupTfspy; rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;whu;. ,jpy;

Nfl; gpuptpy; jkpofj;ij Nru;e;j f]pkh rf khepyj;jtuhd mgpuhkpia tPo;j;jp rhk;gpad;

Mdhu;.

2017f;fhd uhay; Nfhg;ig Nghl;b:gl;lhahtpy; eilngw;w uhay; Nfhg;ig Nghl;bapy; ,e;jpa Nfhy;g; tPuu; \pt; fOu; Nfhg;igia

ntd;Ws;shu;. ,J mtuJ 3-tJ Mrpa ^u; ilby; gl;lkhFk;.

M];jpNuypa Xgd; nld;dp]; : kfspu; ,ul;ilau; gpupTM];jpnuypa Xgd; nld;dp]; 2018 njhlupy; kfspu; ,ul;ilau; gpuptpy; `q;Nfupapd; bkh

gNgh];> gpuhd;rpd; fpwp];bNdh rhk;gpad; gl;lk; ntd;wdu;.

E k_.. E F]^sV|

50


Vbk

kV V 2018 t[;uhg; g;u`hu; - 2018 vd ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpa-mnkupf;f $l;L,uhZtg; gapw;rpapy; rpahl;bypy; eilngw cs;sJ. ,Ujug;G gapw;rpf;fhd ,e;j gjpg;gpy;> GNd jiyikaplkhf cs;s> ,e;jpa uhZtj;jpd; njw;F fkhz;l; gpupT gq;F ngw;wJ. ,g;gapw;rpahdJ efu;g;Gw gFjpapy; rpwg;G eltbf;iffspy; ftdk; nrYj;Jtij Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

: ,U ehLfSf;F ,ilNa uhZt cwTfis Cf;Ftpg;gjd; %yk; rpwg;Gg; gilfSf;F Rje;jpughaq;fspd; gu];gu gupkhw;wj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtJ MFk;.

,e;jpa - mnkupf;f rpwg;Gg; gilfspd; gapw;rpahd t[;uh 2010-k; Mz;L njhlq;fg;gl;L

,e;jpah kw;Wk; mnkupf;fhtpy; khwp khwp elj;jg;gLfpwJ. filrp $l;L ,uhZtg;

gapw;rp 2017 N[hj;G+upy; eilngw;wJ.

IRON FIST – 2018 Iron Fist – 2018 vDk; $l;L uhZtg; gapw;rpapd; 13k; gjpg;G mnkupf;fhTf;Fk; [g;ghDf;Fk; ,ilNa fypNghu;dpahtpy; cs;s ngz;ly;ld; (Pendleton) Kfhkpy; njhlq;fpaJ. 500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l mnkupf;f flw;gilapdu; kw;Wk; khYkpfs; kw;Wk; [g;ghdpa jiug;giliar; Nru;e;j 350 cWg;gpdu;fs; epyk;> ePu; kw;Wk; jP fhg;G eltbf;iffs; nfhz;l ,e;j $l;L uhZtg; gapw;rpfs; fye;J nfhs;thu;fs;.

,U ehLfSf;F ,ilNaahd uhZt cwit NkYk; tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk; ,U ehl;L uhZt tPuu;fs; jq;fsJ mDgtq;fisAk;> jpwikfisAk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> ,e;j $l;Lg; gapw;rpf;F Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

V 18 flNyhu ghJfhg;G> Gay;> Rdhkp Nghd;w Nguplu; fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba ghJfhg;G gzpfSf;fhd ,e;jpah-[g;ghd; flNyhu fhty; gilapd; $l;L gapw;rp nrd;idapy; eilngw;wJ. ,g;gapw;rpf;fhf [g;ghd; ehl;L flNyhu fhty; gilapd; RfhU (gpvy;vr; - 02) vd;w fg;gy; nrd;id JiwKfk; te;jile;jJ.

$l;Lg; gapw;rpapd; NghJ tq;fsh tpupFlh> ,e;jpah ngUq;fly; gFjpapy; ,U ehl;L tPuu;fSk; gapw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;ldu;.

51


V m Vm

1. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjy; ftu;du; - ru; Mu;r;rpghy; vl;tu;l; ie (1946-48)2. jkpo;ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Kd; Kjy; Kjy; mikr;ru; - Rg;GuhaY nul;b (1920-21)3. jkpo;ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpd; Kjy; Kjyikr;ru; - xke;J}u; ,uhkrhkp nul;bahu;

(1947-49)4. jkpof rl;lkd;w Kjy; rghehafu; - J. rptrz;Kfk; gps;is (1952-55)5. jkpof rl;lkdw; Kjy; Jiz rghehafu; - gf;jtj;rY ehAL6. nrd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; jiytu; - ru;.gp.b. jpahfuhru;7. nrd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; Nkau; - ru; uh[h Kj;ijah nrl;bahu;8. jkpo;ehl;bd; cau;ePjpkd;w Kjy; jiyik ePjpgjp - ru;jhk]; Mz;LU Ykp];jhd;9. jkpo;ehl;bd; Kjy;jiyik Nju;jy; Mizau; - J. ntq;fNl\;tud; (1942-52)10. jkpof rl;l Nkyit Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 193511. jkpof rl;l Nkyit fiyf;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1986 mf;Nlhgu; 3112. cs;shl;rp Nju;jy; fTd;rpyu;fhd taJ - 2113. rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdu;fSf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ - 2514. Kjyikr;rUf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ -2515. MSeUf;fhd Fiwe;jgl;r taJ - 35

1. gl;L efuk; - fhQ;rpGuk;2. Kj;J efuk; - J}j;Jf;Fb3. Nfhtpy; efuk; - kJiu4. J}q;fh efuk; - kJiu5. tpohf;fspd; efuk; - kJiu6. njhopy; efuk; - tpUJefu;7. Nfhl;ilfspd; efuk; - tpUJefu;8. kiyf;Nfhl;il efuk; - jpUr;rp

1. jkpo;ehL tdr;rl;lk; - 18822. jkpo;ehL jdpahu; fhLfs; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19493. jkpo;ehL kiyg;gFjp kuq;fs; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19554. tdTapupdg; ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19725. jkpo;ehL tdg;ghJfhg;G rl;lk; - 19806. gy;Yapupdg; guty; rl;lk; - 20027. ahidfs; ghJfhg;G jpl;lk; - 19928. Gypfs; ghJfhg;G jpl;lk; - 1973

52

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018Vm

mkpyj;jpd; ngau; %yj;jpd; ngau;rpl;upf; mkpyk; MuQ;R> vYkpr;ir

yhf;bf; mkpyk; Gspj;j ghy;

ghu;kpf; mkpyk; vWk;gpd; nfhLf;F

gpA+l;upf; mkpyk; nfl;LNghd ntz;nza;

lhu;lhupf; mkpyk; Gsp> jpuhl;ir

mrpl;bf; mkpyk; tpdpfu; (fhb)

khypf; mkpyk; Mg;gps;

Mf;]hypf; mkpyk; jf;fhsp

];baupf; mkpyk; nfhOg;Gfs;

Nfhypf; mkpyk; gpj;jePu;

cg;Gfspd; nghJg;ngau; cg;Gfspd; Ntjpngau; tha;g;ghLNrhlh rhk;gy; ePuw;w Nrhbak; fhu;gNdl; Na2 CO3rhy; mk;Nkhdpahf mk;Nkhdpak; FNshiuL NH4Cliel;lu; nghl;lhrpak; iel;Nul; KNO3rpyp rhy;l; gPl;lh Nrhbak; iel;Nul; NaNO3i`g;Ngh Nrhbak; jNah ry;Ngl; Na2S2O3KfUk; cg;G mNkhdpak; fhu;gNdl; (NH4)2CO3nts;is tpl;upahy; ePNuw;wg;gl;l [pq;f; ry;Ngl; 2nso4.7H2)ePy tpl;upahy; ePNuw;wg;gl;l fhg;gu; ry;Ngl; (cuso4)2CO3gr;ir tpl;upahy; ePNuw;wg;gl;l ngu]; ry;Ngl; Feso4.7H2OvupNrhlh Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;i]L NaOH

Vetrii IAS Academy

53

ntw;wpapd; elg;G epfo;Tfs; [dtup-2018 |

x[:n`r;.I.tp. kw;Wk; va;l;]; Nehapd; gutiyj; jLf;fTk;

fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; ,j;jifa itu]; kw;Wk; Fiwg;ghl;bdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; kdpj cupikia ghJfhf;fTk; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Gila Vida tptfhuq;fis ifahsTk; kj;jpa muR ,r;rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ.

\V>VxDn`r;.I.tp. fpUkp/va;l;]; NehAld; tho;gtu;fSf;F vjpuhd

ghFghl;il nra;tjw;nfd jw;NghJs;s tpjpKiwfSf;F rl;l uPjpahd fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; tifapy;> Kd;dhs; gpujku; kd;Nkhfd;rpq; mtu;fs; jiyikapy; ,aq;fpa If;fpa Kw;Nghf;F $l;lzp murpy;/ Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; FLk;geyj;Jiw mikr;ru; Fyhk; egp Mrhj; mtu;fshy; fle;j 2014y; n`f;.I.tp. kw;Wk; va;l;];/jLg;G kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL) vd;w ngaupyhd kNrhjh xd;W khepyq;fsitapy; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,e;j kNrhjhit guPrpypj;j khepyq;fsit ,J Fwpj;J tpupthf Muha ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; Jiwrhu;e;j epiyf;FOthd Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; FLk;gey Jiwf;fhd ehlhSkd;w epiyf; FOtpw;F mDg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kNrhjhit tpupthf Muha;e;j ,e;jf;FO ,k;kNrhjhtpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;jg; gupe;Jiufs; fle;j Vg;uy; 29>2015 md;W jhf;fy; nra;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; kj;jpapy; Ml;rp khw;wk; Vw;gl;L> gpujku; eNue;jpuNkhb jiyikapy; Njrpa [dehaff; $l;lzp Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpaJ. ehlhSkd;w epiyf;FO toq;fpa gupe;Jiu fis jPtpu khf

TNPSC - Vetrii IAS Study Circle · 2018. 10. 24. · Vetrii IAS Study Circle (CURRENT AFFAIRS) Main Office at Vetrii IAS Study Circle New No.1, 9th Street, F Block, 1st Avenue, Chinthamani,

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