Title about SSS and food preference (in the form of a question or answer- group did not decide) Tim Beckner, Michelle Bertling, Jai-Sheena Garnett, Allison.

Title about SSS and food preference (in the form of a question or answer-group

did not decide)Tim Beckner,

Michelle Bertling,

Jai-Sheena Garnett,

Allison Thomas,

Kim Trimble

Causes of Overeating…

-too many calories

-too much good food (restaurant food and fast food)

-too little activity

-food used as medicine

Overeating is multi-factorial

-diets and prolonged caloric restriction (dieting craving binge eating)

-genetic predisposition

-too much stress

-too little sleep.

Body Mass Index

-Healthy BMI=19-24.

-Overweight BMI=25-29.

-Obesity BMI=30.

Previous Studies

Satiety Sensory-specific satiety

- LeMagnan et. Al (xx)- rats-Rolls et. al (xx)- rats and humans

Palatability

Research at Wofford- Stinnett et. al - Ross et. al- Henry et. al

Which is more palatable?

Meal Choices

Meal Calories per gram

Froot Loops 3.78

Funyuns 4.96

Rat Chow 3.30

(1)To determine food preference when offered 3 choices simultaneously

(2) To determine if meal sequences determine food intake

Purpose

(1) When offered 3 different foods, food deprived rats will choose to eat the most palatable until

satiated.

(2) Offering a sequence of meals in which palatability increases with each meal will result

in the highest consumption of food/caloric intake.

Hypothesis

Methods: Cafeteria Experiment

21 Male Sprague-Dawley Rats 12 hour light/dark cycle 18 hour food deprivation Foods presented simultaneously

– Froot Loops– Funyuns– Rat Chow

3 rats per week

Experimental Timeline

Foods removed, weighed, and

returned to cages

8:00 AM 8:10 8:20 8:30 8:40 8:50 9:00 9:20 9:30

Foods removed, weighed, and

returned to cages

9:10

Which food do rats prefer?

Begin Experiment: Insert 3 foods

End Experiment: Remove and

weigh all foods

Food Preferencein Cafeteria Experiment

Food

Rat Chow Onion Rings Froot Loops

Cu

mila

tive

Fo

od

In

take

(g

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

* p<0.001

Does latency correspondto this preference?

Results: Cafeteria Experiment

Latency to Eat in Cafeteria Experiment

Food

Rat Chow Onion Rings Froot Loops

La

ten

cy (

min

s)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

* p= 0.003

* p< 0.001

Results: Cafeteria Experiment

Does the sequence of food presentationaffect total food or nutrient intake?

Sequence Experiment

21 male Sprague-Dawley rats Individually caged 18 hour food deprivation

Sequence Experiment

Rat given one of six treatments– TR1 – RC, OR, FL– TR2 – RC, FL, OR– TR3 – OR, RC, FL– TR4 – OR, FL, RC– TR5 – FL, RC, OR– TR6 – FL, OR, RC

Counterbalanced

Sequence Experiment

18 hr food

Deprivation

Meal 1 Meal 29:09

Begin Appetitive Phase 2

Present Meal 1

8:00

Measure food intake

8:50 9:10

Remove Meal 1, Present Meal 2, Measure Meal 1 total intake

Measure food intake

9:309:40

Remove Meal 2, Present Meal 3, Measure Meal 2 total intake

Meal 3

9:39


10:00

Measure food intake

10:10

Remove Meal 3, Measure food intake

7:59


ResultsTotal Food Intake for 3 Meals

Meal Sequence

RC-OR-FL RC-FL-OR OR-RC-FL OR-FL-RC FL-RC-OR FL-OR-RC

Tot

al fo

od in

take

(g)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

But is there a more nutritious sequence?

Total Calories by Meal

Meal Sequence


Mea

n ca

lorie

s

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Total Calories by Meal

Meal Sequence


Mea

n ca

lorie

s

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Food Intake by Course

Meal Sequence


Mea

n fo

od in

take

(g)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Meal Sequence


Mea

n fo

od in

take

(g)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12


Meal Sequence


Mea

n fo

od in

take

(g)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Calories Carbohydrates(digestible)

Protein Fat

Rat Chow

3.30 0.476 0.244 0.044

FunYuns

4.96 0.607 0.062 0.250

FrootLoops

3.78 0.843 0.031 0.031

Composition (per gram)

Macronutrient Intake

Meal Sequence


Inta

ke (

g)

0

1

2

6

8

10

Carbohydrates Protein Fats

Results

Cumulative Food Intake by Meal

Meal Sequence


Mea

n fo

od in

take

(g)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Results

Graph break down of caloric values

What did we learn?

If offered 3 foods simultaneously, rats will eat to satiety on the most palatable food, eating very little of the less palatable foods.

Changing the order in which you eat food has no effect on how much you eat.

Meal sequence does have an effect on the nutritional value of what you eat in a meal

Suggestions for further research

Use non-food deprived rats, during the time they usually eat

Who Cares?!

Overweight and obese people.

NASA

Conclusion

Then

It is better to eat Any Questions

Title about SSS and food preference (in the form of a question or answer- group did not decide) Tim Beckner, Michelle Bertling, Jai-Sheena Garnett, Allison.

Documents

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ratsrolls et