Tidbits vernon 217 apr 10 2015 famous retailers pt 2 online

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April 10 - 16, 2015 Issue 00217

by Kathy Wolfe

This week, Tidbits continues its examination of the history of some famous retailers.

• Missouri native James Cash Penney moved to the drier climate of Colorado on his doctor’s advice, as he was susceptible to tuberculosis. In 1898, he found work in a dry goods store called Golden Rule, and proved his worth in a short time. Theowners asked Penney to partner with them in opening a new store in Kemmerer, Wyoming, and J.C. Penney opened the store in 1902. He bought out his partners in 1907, and in 1913, changed the chain to the J.C. Penney Company. Just four short years later, there were 175 Penney’s in 22 states.

• J.C. Penney lost nearly all his personal wealth in the 1929 stock market crash, but borrowed against his life insurance policies to make payroll until he could recover the company. By 1941, there were 1,600 stores in all 48 states. Penney’s introduced their own credit card in 1959. At their peak in 1973, the company operated 2,053 stores. Today, that number is 1,107. The original “mother store” in Kemmerer is still in operation, and has been declared a National Historic Landmark.

• The J.C. Penney Company motto was, “Honor, Confidenc , Service, and Cooperation.”

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RETAILERS, PT. TWO (continued):

• J.C. Penney built Anchorage, Alaska’s fi st public parking garage in 1968, following the destruction of their store in the 1964 earthquake there.

• Nordstrom’s started out as a small shoe store in Seattle, Washington, in 1901. John Nordstrom had emigrated to the United States from Sweden in 1887 at age 16, arriving with $5 in his pocket. Although he didn’t know a single word of English, he managed to work his way to Seattle. In 1897, he headed north to Alaska to search for gold. Two years later, Nordstrom returned to Seattle, $13,000 richer. He partnered up with a shoemaker he had met in the Klondike, and the pair opened Wallin & Nordstrom in 1901, with fi st day sales of $12.50. Within four years, annual sales had increased to $80,000. In 1923, they opened a second Seattle store. By 1929, both Wallin and Nordstrom had retired and sold their shares to Nordstrom’s sons.

• By 1960, Seattle’s downtown Nordstrom’s shoe store was the largest shoe store in America, and there were eight locations in Washington and Oregon. In 1963, the company branched out into the women’s clothing business. Today, the fourth generation of the Nordstrom family heads up the company. From its humble beginnings of one small shoe store, Nordstrom’s operates 289 stores in 38 U.S. states and one in Canada, with annual sales exceeding $12 billion.

• Kohl’s didn’t start out as a department

store. The fi st Kohl’s was a Wisconsin supermarket, founded by Maxwell Kohl in 1946. In 1962, his chain was the largest of its kind in the Milwaukee area, and Kohl branched out, opening his fi st department store in Brookfield, Wisconsin, in 1962. It is now America’s largest department store chain, (having surpassed J.C. Penney in 2012), operating stores in 49 states.

• Aaron Montgomery Ward launched the nation’s fi st mail order business with a catalog of 163 items in 1872, a full 16 years before the Sears catalog appeared. By 1904, Ward was mailing a 4-lb. (1.8-kg) catalog to three million customers. He started his business in the loft of a Chicago livery stable, with $1,600 he and two partners had saved.

• Sears represented serious competition, and overtook Ward’s sales in 1900 with $10 million in sales compared to Ward’s $8.7 million. Sales had dramatically slipped by the 1960s and 1970s, and in 1985, after 113 years, the catalog division was closed. Today the Montgomery Ward brand is owned by Swiss Colony, Inc.

• A Montgomery Ward’s staff copywriter was responsible for the creation of Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer. Each year at Christmas, the chain gave away children’s coloring books to customers. In 1939, they wanted something new, an original Christmas storybook. Copywriter Robert May was asked to come up with a story, and “Rudolph” was the result. Two million copies were given to Ward’s customers that year. It wasn’t until 10 years later that May’s brother-in-law Johnny Marks set the story to music. In 1949, singing cowboy Gene Autry, made it the second most popular Christmas song in history, second only to “White Christmas.”

• Barney Pressman opened his fi st store in Manhattan with $500 he received from pawning his wife’s engagement ring. The Pressman family retained a small

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today’s dollars) to open a fi e-and-dime in Memphis, Tennessee. By 1912, there were 85 stores, and by 1924, Kresge was worth about $375,000,000, which translates to nearly $5.2 billion today. In 1962, Kresge opened his fi st K-Mart store in Garden City, Michigan, a store still in operation today. In 2005, the K-Mart Corporation purchased Sears for $11 billion.

that, there were 51 stores, with sales of $78 million. In 1980, there were 276 stores, and in 1989, Walmart became the nation’s #1 retailer. Today, the company employs 2.2 million people worldwide, ringing up more than 200 million customers each week in 11,000 stores in 27 countries.

• Sebastian Kresge was working as a traveling salesman, peddling to all 19 Woolworth’s stores in the late 1800s. He made the decision to open his own store and invested $8,000 (about $227,000 in

percentage of the luxury store Barney’s until 2004, when, $500 million in debt, they sold out to a Dubai-based company

• It should be no surprise that Walmart is the #1 retailer in America. Oklahoma-born Sam Walton went to work at a Des Moines, Iowa J.C. Penney store as a management trainee at age 22, just three days after his college graduation. Earning $75 a month, Walton stayed about 18 months before his World War II military service. After the war, he borrowed $20,000 from his father-in-law and purchased a Ben Franklin variety store in Newport, Arkansas. By the early 1960s, Walton and his brother owned 15 Ben Franklin stores. In 1962, Walton opened his fi st Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas. Five years later, the family owned 24 stores, with $12.7 million in annual sales. Five years after

RETAILERS, PT. TWO (continued):


NOTEWORTHY INVENTORS:

JOSEPH BOMBARDIERWe owe the invention of the snowmobile to Canadian inventor Joseph-Armand Bombardier. But that was just a small part of this man’s contributions. Here are the facts on the inventor and businessman.

• Quebec-born Joseph had an affin y for mechanics from a young age. At 13, he fashioned a mechanical toy locomotive driven by a clock mechanism, and a steam engine created out of old sewing machine parts followed shortly afterward. It was the family’s hope that Joseph would join the priesthood, and in 1921, the 14-year-old was sent to seminary.

• When Joseph was 15, his father gave him an irreparable Model T Ford motor, which the boy soon transformed into the power behind an unusual sled, his fi st snow machine.

• Not suited to religious studies, at 17, Joseph began an apprenticeship at a Montreal garage and enrolled in night classes in mechanics and engineering. By 19, he had his own garage, and it seemed he could fix

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• In the winter of 1934, a days-long blizzard prevented Bombardier from getting his two-year-old son to the hospital, and the boy died from a ruptured appendix. Joseph stepped up his effo ts to invent a vehicle that could move over the snow. The result was a snowmobile that was steered by front skis and could carry seven people in its heated cabin. Within two years, he had built and sold 12 of his B7’s (“B” for bombardier, “7” for the number of passengers) to doctors, veterinarians, innkeepers, funeral directors, and schools.

• With the success of the B7, Bombardier expanded into military vehicles and he became a major supplier for the World War II effo t. After the war, he pushed ahead to improve his inventions, producing a 12-passenger snowmobile, which was an immediate winner with police departments, the timber industry, and mining companies. An 18-passenger model quickly followed, which was used by schools in the snowy climate of Quebec and Ontario.

• Bombardier was soon designing vehicles to undertake diffe ent terrains, such as swamps, bogs, and mud. Some had tracks for traction, while others had an interchangeable system of wheels and skis. In 1953, he introduced the all-terrain Muskeg tractor, able to haul skiers up a mountain as well as clear roads. .

• Perhaps his best-known triumph came along

Joseph Bombardier (continued):


How to Brush Your Dog’s Teeth

DEAR PAW’S CORNER: How do you brush a dog’s teeth? And how often should I do it? -- Abby in

Framingham, Mass.

DEAR ABBY: Brushing your dog’s teeth is important to keep them healthy throughout their

life. But it can be a little diffe ent from the way you brush your teeth, and dogs don’t always like having it done. Here are some tips on brushing:

* Try to brush your dog’s teeth at least once a week, more if possible (especially for smaller dogs

and breeds like Pugs).* Use a brush and toothpaste made especially

for dogs. Minty-fresh human toothpaste is pretty nasty to dogs, and could upset their stomach. A

popular type of brush fits ver your fi ger so that you can access the dog’s teeth more easily.

* Start slowly: Get your dog used to having you touch its muzzle and mouth, and lifting up its lip.

Give it a flavored treat like the toothpaste you’ll be using: peanut butter or beef broth, for example.

Or, give it a dab of the toothpaste as a treat.* Start with one section at a time. Put a dab of

paste on the brush, gently lift your dog’s lip, and brush downward from the gumline.

* If your dog struggles, pause and hold its muzzle lightly until it calms down. Then t y again. If it

really raises a fuss, stop and try again tomorrow.* Don’t reprimand it for misbehaving. This is eally weird stuff for a d g. Use a soothing voice and give

it lots of praise during and afterward.More details can be found at the ASPCA website: www.aspca.org/pet-care/virtual-pet-behaviorist/

dog-behavior/brushing-your-dogs-teethSend your questions or tips to [email protected].

(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

in 1953. Using a lighter engine, Bombardier created the Ski-Doo snowmobile, a $900 machine for outdoor recreation lovers. Originally slated to be called the Ski-Dog, intended to replace the dogsled, it became the Ski-Doo when a painter misread the name and painted Ski-Doo on the prototype. Mass production of the unit began in 1959, and was immediately embraced not only by recreationists, but hunters, prospectors, surveyors, missionaries, and trappers as well. Bombardier’s company was enjoying annual sales of $3.5 million by the end of the 1950s.

• Along with his genius mechanical abilities, Joseph was devoted to community service

and had a great love of music, singing in the church choir and accompanying his children on the piano. In the midst of an exceptional

career, he died at age 56. Following his death, the family-owned business expanded into

locomotives and aircraft, and today Learjet is one of their subsidiaries.

WOOLWORTHFrank Winfield Woolworth had a brand-new idea back in 1878, the “fi e-and-dime” store. Here’s the history of his endeavors that made “Wooworth’s” a household name.

• The Woolworth family were farmers in upstate New York, but farming wasn’t Frank’s career choice. After finishi g school, he found work at the local dry goods store, where he came up with a few ideas for a store of his own.

• In 1878, when Frank was 26, he borrowed $300 from his boss to open Woolworth’s Great Five Cent Store in Utica, New York. Within months, the store had failed. Refusing to give up, Woolworth tried Lancaster, Pennsylvania, for another store, using the same sign he’d used in Utica. He expanded his inventory to include items up to 10 cents, such as gravy strainers, scoops, purses, biscuit cutters, soap writing books, pie plates, handkerchiefs, and hundreds of other novelties. In 1880, Woolworth’s added manufactured Christmas tree ornaments with resounding success.

• Woolworth introduced a novel idea of displaying his merchandise, diffe ent from other stores of the period. While other retailers kept their goods behind a counter, requiring customers to present the clerk with a list of desired items, Woolworth used self-service display cases with all prices clearly marked to avoid haggling with customers.

• Within just a few years Woolworth was a millionaire. By 1909, he had expanded to

England. In 1912, there were close to 600 stores, and the company’s new corporate headquarters in New York City was under construction. In 1913, the Woolworth Building opened its doors, a 60-store skyscraper that was the tallest building in the world at 792 feet (241 m), an honor it held until 1930. It was built at a cost of $13.5 million, paid for by Woolworth in cash out of his private funds.

• In 1917, the Woolworth family moved into Winfield Hall, a newly-constructed Italian Renaissance 56-room mansion on 16 acres on Long Island. With walls and pillars of marble, the home cost $90 million in 1917, with its entryway’s grand staircase alone costing $2 million.

• In 1919, when there were 1,000 stores, tragedy struck. Frank Woolworth, who had had a lifelong fear of dentists, ignored symptoms of infection, and died from septic poisoning as a result of an abscessed tooth. Thecompany was handed over to his brother Charles, and within 10 years, another 1,250 stores were added. During the mid-1920s, a store was opened every 17 days.

• The fi e-and-dime concept began to disappear in 1932 when a line of 20-cent merchandise was added. In 1935, the company discontinued its 20-cent limit altogether.

• Lunch counters were incorporated into many stores, and throughout the 1940s, Woolworth’s was America’s largest restaurant chain. The lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C. made history in 1960, when four black students sat down at the segregated counter and were refused service, setting off a series of civil rights’ sit-ins and boycotts.

• In the late ‘70s, the company was the world’s largest department store chain. Even as the company acquired other stores chains, its own variety store sales were dwindling. In 997, the last of the stores closed, and the company was renamed the Venator Group. It now focuses on its most successful retailer, Foot Locker, Inc.

Joseph Bombardier (continued):

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* It was 19th-century French historian Edgar Quinet who made the following sage observation: “Time is the fairest and toughest judge.” * The Guinness brewery in Dublin, Ireland, has a 9,000-year lease on the property -- and the rent is a mere 45 Irish pounds per year. * Researchers at Yale University have determined that the most recognizable scent to American adults is coffee, followed by peanut butter in the No. 2 spot. * In 1941, the British entered World War II, much to the relief of the USSR. One Soviet admiral was so grateful for the help that when a British naval captain on the submarine HMS Trident commented that his wife had a hard time pushing the baby carriage through the snow in Britain, the admiral declared, “You need a reindeer!” -- and presented the sub’s crew with one. Dubbed Pollyanna, the reindeer spent six weeks aboard the sub, where it reportedly liked to sleep under the captain’s bed. Pollyanna eventually ended up at the Regents Park Zoo.* The state of Mississippi takes its name (unsurprisingly) from the river. But how did the river get its name? Etymologists say that the modern pronunciation is from a French variant of “meshi-ziibi,” which in Algonquian Ojibwa means “big river.” * Those who study such things say that 20 percent of modern relationships that end in marriage begin online.* The red panda is a vulnerable mammal species found in parts of Asia. It’s about the size of a house cat, but its tail can grow up to 19 inches long. * When the Crayola company was approaching a production milestone, executives asked Mister Rogers to come to the factory to pour the wax for the one billionth crayon.

Thought for the Day: “Imitation is the sincerest form of television.” -- Fred Allen(c) 2015 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Tidbits vernon 217 apr 10 2015 famous retailers pt 2 online

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