Three-dimensional thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded materials Kyung-Su Na, Ji-Hwan Kim * School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinrim-Dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea Received 20 May 2003; accepted 6 November 2003 Abstract Three-dimensional thermal buckling analysis is performed for functionally graded materials. Material properties are assumed to be temperature dependent, and varied continuously in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fraction of a ceramic and metal. The finite element model is adopted by using an 18-node solid element to analyze more accurately the variation of material properties and temperature field in the thickness direction. Furthermore, the assumed strain mixed formulation is used to prevent locking as well as maintaining kinematic stability of the finite element model for thin plates and shells. The thermal buckling behavior under uniform or nonuniform temperature rise across the thickness is analyzed. Numerical results are compared with those of the previous works. In addition, the changes of critical buckling temperature due to the effects of temperature field, volume fraction distributions, and system geometric parameters are studied. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: B. Buckling; C. Finite element analysis; Functionally graded materials 1. Introduction Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are spatial composites in which material properties vary continuously from one surface to the other. This continuous change in composition takes advantage of the attractive features of each of its constituents. Typically, these materials are made from a ceramic and metal. A ceramic is useful in high strength and temperature applications, however, suffers from low toughness. In other hand, a metal exhibits better mechanical and heat-transfer properties but cannot with- stand exposure to high temperatures. By mixing these materials, a FGM can withstand high-temperature environ- ments while maintaining their structural integrity. Due to these advantages, FGMs have been introduced and applied to many engineering parts. Fuchiyama and Noda [1] developed computer programs that analyzed the transient heat transfer and the transient thermal stress of a FGM plate, composed of ZrO 2 and Ti–6Al–4V, by the finite element method. Ravichandran [2] examined the effects of the functional form of gradation including the presence and structural arrangement of monolithic ceramic (Al 2 O 3 )–metal (Ni) regions in combi- nation with the graded region, on the thermal residual stresses, arising from the fabrication of a FGM system. Markworth and Saunders [3] optimized the composition of a ceramic–metal FGM, subjected to certain constraints, such that the flow of heat through the materials was either maximized or minimized. In this work, normal thermal stress profiles were calculated and were found to exhibit unusual behavior in some cases. Reddy and Chin [4] analyzed the dynamic thermoelastic response of function- ally graded cylinders and plates. Thermomechanical coupling was included in the formulation, and a finite element model of the formulation was developed. Reddy and Cheng [5] studied three-dimensional thermomechanical deformations of a simply supported Monel-zirconia func- tionally graded rectangular plate by using an asymptotic method. The locally effective material properties were estimated by the Mori-Tanaka scheme. Cheng and Batra [6] obtained a new solution in closed form for the thermo- mechanical deformations of an isotropic linear thermo- elastic functionally graded elliptic plate rigidly clamped at the edges. The method of asymptotic expansion was used to study three-dimensional mechanical deformations, 1359-8368/$ - see front matter q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2003.11.013 Composites: Part B 35 (2004) 429–437 www.elsevier.com/locate/compositesb * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J.-H. Kim).
Three-dimensional thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded materials
Jun 14, 2023
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