CHAPTER IV PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA: THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT Thoothukudi is a special grade Municipal town and headquarters of newly formed Thoothukudi District and facing 'Gulf of Mannar' (Bay of Bengal) at the eastern side. "The Government of Tamilnadu in their G.0.Ms.No. 535/Revenue Department dated 23.04.1986 have ordered the formations of a new district viz., Thoothukudi District, which is named after the freedom fighter Shri. V.0. Chidambaram Pillai, who was born in this district. Thoothukudi District was inaugurated on 19.10.1986 by the Chief. Minister of Tamilnadu and started functioning as the 201h District with effect from 20.10.1986 with at Tuticorin". In the history of India's freedom struggle Thoothukudi District enjoys an unique place. It was Veerapandia Kattabomman the Pelingal of Panchalankurichi waged a bitter fight against East India Company, V.0. Chidambaram PilIai, a man of immense courage plunged himself in to the Swadeshi movement and launched the movement of boycott of the British goods and had the guts to take in the British when he launched his Swadeshi steam company. Nobody would forget the fiery Bard Subramaniabharathi who in the history of Tamil Poetry has left such an indeliblement. Another illustrious freedom fighter from Chidambamar District was Subramania Siva who was a close associate of V.0. Chidambaram Pillai one of the musical trinities Sr. Muthusamy Dikshitar as well as the poet Umarupulavar were born at Ettayapuram in this District. 59
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CHAPTER IV
PROFILE OF THE STUDY AREA: THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT
Thoothukudi is a special grade Municipal town and headquarters of newly formed
Thoothukudi District and facing 'Gulf of Mannar' (Bay of Bengal) at the eastern side.
"The Government of Tamilnadu in their G.0.Ms.No. 535/Revenue Department
dated 23.04.1986 have ordered the formations of a new district viz., Thoothukudi
District, which is named after the freedom fighter Shri. V.0. Chidambaram Pillai, who
was born in this district. Thoothukudi District was inaugurated on 19.10.1986 by the
Chief. Minister of Tamilnadu and started functioning as the 201h District with effect from
20.10.1986 with at Tuticorin".
In the history of India's freedom struggle Thoothukudi District enjoys an unique
place. It was Veerapandia Kattabomman the Pelingal of Panchalankurichi waged a bitter
fight against East India Company, V.0. Chidambaram PilIai, a man of immense courage
plunged himself in to the Swadeshi movement and launched the movement of boycott of
the British goods and had the guts to take in the British when he launched his Swadeshi
steam company. Nobody would forget the fiery Bard Subramaniabharathi who in the
history of Tamil Poetry has left such an indeliblement. Another illustrious freedom
fighter from Chidambamar District was Subramania Siva who was a close associate of
V.0. Chidambaram Pillai one of the musical trinities Sr. Muthusamy Dikshitar as well as
the poet Umarupulavar were born at Ettayapuram in this District.
59
THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT
rousT cENTh?-S
RAMNAD DISTRICT
VIRUDH1JNAGAR 0
Pudur
DISTRICT
c
Kovilpatli
0 L.
:/A.• \\ S 0
Vilaihikularn
( Kayatl:cr, 7
) P .rA\c1Q.tc\ ,O!tapidaratn Fo2?,/'
0(
flRLVELITuticori.':DISTRICT
ç .f)
.n /Usrivaikunta.';i
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KarunkuIan, 1wart/:irunogari-
L°
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GULF OF MANN AR
J Tic (c/:e,:dur
Taluk
Block
j Udangud:
4e.
The district covers an extent of 4621 sq.km in the Eastern portion of Tamilnadu
and it is rectangular in shape. It is bounded by Kamaraja and Ramanthapurani districts in
the north, Kanyakumari district in the South, Gulf of Mannar in the east, and Thirunelveli
district in the west.
POPULATION
The district has an area of -4635 sq.km and the total population of this district as
2001census is 1565743. The density of population per sq.km is 315 as against 428 for
the state. The sex ratio is 1049 females for every 1000 males. The percentage of literacy
is 72%. Out of the total population of 1565743 in the district 903811 live in rural areas.
The district has got a schedule caste population of 250071 which represents 17% of the
total population. Schedule tribes are also found in small members in this district. The
total number of schedule tribes is 3174 which represents 0.21 of the total population.
The population of Thoothukudi town is related from 28048 in the year 1901 to
1565743 in the year 2001. The growth of population for each decade from 1901 to 2001
is given in the following table.
60
Table 13
POPULATION OF THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT SINCE 1901
Year Population Variation
% of Variation
1901 28048 -
1911 40185 12137
43.27
1921 44522 4337
10.79
1931 60395 15873
35.65
1941 75614 15219
25.20
1951 98816 23252
30.75
1961 124310 25364
25.65
1971 155310 3100
1981 192949 37639
24.23
1991 1455920 1262971
654.56
2001 1565743 109823
7.54
Source: Perspective plan of Thoothukudi Municipality, 2001
This was one of the urban towns in the state that had a population of above
15 lakhs.
Density of Population
The density of population has increased from 73 hectare to 1162 hectare during
the period from 1951 to 2001. The density of population of Thoothukudi town is given in
the following table.
61
Table 1.4
DENSITY OF POPULATION OF THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT
Year Area in I Population Density ofHectare Person/hectare
1951 1347 98816 73
1961 1347 124230 92
1971 1347 156310 116
1981 1347 192949 143
1991 1347 1455920 1080
2001 1347 1565743 1162
Source: Perspective plan of Thoothukudi Municipality, 2001.
Administrative Set up
Chidambaranar District
Head quarters - Thoothukudi
Revenue Divisions
Thoothukudi - Kovilpatti - Tiruchendur
TALUK
1. Thoothukudi
2. Tiruchendur
3. Sattankulam
4. Srivaikuntam
5. Kovilpatti
6. Ottapidaram
7. Vilathikulam
62
BLOCKS
1. Thoothukudi
2. Aiwarthiunagari
3. Tiruchendur
4. Udangudi
5. Sattankulam
6. Srivaikuntam
7. Karunkulam
8. Kovilpatti
9. Ottapidaram
10. Kayathar
11. Pudukottai
12. Vilathikulam
This district has three revenue divisions, seven taluks, 12 development blocks as
shown above.
Further the district has 20 panchayats, 2 municipalities and 465 revenue villages.
The district could be termed as industrially advanced with a majority of the industry
located in and around Thoothukudi.
The Municipality consist of Revenue villages, namely, Meelavittan, Thoothukudi
and Sankaraperi with a total extent of 13.47 sq.km . It is also located south east of'
Tirunelveli at distance of 52 km and 133 km from Madurai. This town with a population
of 1565743 (as per 2001 census) is an ancient one with sound Historic backgrounds and
having scope towards east".
63
GEOLOGY
Being a hinter town most of the land has sady surface. The southern part of the
town has gravel soil. A channel is running through the town towards east and has
confluenced with the sea.
Table 1.5
LAND UTILISATION
[AREA IN HECTARES (YEAR 1998-99)1
Sl.No. Classification I Thoothukudi
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Forest
Barren & Uncultivable uses
Land put to Non agricultural uses
Uncultivable waste
Permanent pastures and other grazing land
Land under miscellaneous Tree crops and Grocer notincluded in net area sown
Current fallows
Other fallows of land
Net area sown
Geographical Area according to village papers
Total Cropped Area
Area sown more than once
486
1349
9247
2148
1970
1465
1975
7996
7759
34395
7837
78
Source: 'G' Return 1998-99
64
CLIMATE AND TEMPERATURE
The climate is generally hot and dry in the district except in coastal area. The
mean maximum temperature ranges from 29.6 0 to 41.3 0c and the mean minimum
temperature varies from 18.50 to 26.70c. The highest temperature was recorded between
the months of May and August and the lowest during December and January.
Table 1.6
MONTHLY CAPITAL DATA - STATION WISE WITH MAINTAININGDIRECTORATE PARTICULAR: (1998-99) (IN MILLIMETERS)
Period Normal Rainfall Actual Rainfall(1) (2) - (3)
1. South west MonsoonTotal 59.9 152.4June 98 6.1 0.9July 98 10.0 83.0August 98 18.5 38.3September 98 - 25.3 30.2
2. North east MonsoonTotal 429.4 525.6October 98 150.7 54.0November 98 184.7 235.4December98 94.0 236.2