Mauro Bruno Bologna University INFN-Bologna (Italy) G as Q uark-G luon P lasm a Nucleus D ensity T emperature 7 0 000 000 000° 3 000 000 000 000° 0 =25 0 000 000 T /cm 3 T critical Liquid C oexisten ce H.Jaqaman et al. PRC27(1983)2782 Thermodynamical aspects in heavy ion Thermodynamical aspects in heavy ion reactions reactions
H.Jaqaman et al. PRC27(1983)2782. Mauro Bruno. Bologna University. INFN-Bologna (Italy). Thermodynamical aspects in heavy ion reactions. Experimental Investigation of a van der Waals nuclear fluid-H.I. Collisions. Aims: study thermodynamics of nuclear systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mauro Bruno Bologna University
INFN-Bologna (Italy)
Gas
Quark-Gluon Plasma
Nucleus Density
Tem
per
atu
re
70 0
00 0
00 0
00°
30
00 0
00 0
00 0
00°
0=250 000 000 T/cm3
T critical
Liquid
Coexistence
H.Jaqaman et al. PRC27(1983)2782
Thermodynamical aspects in heavy ion Thermodynamical aspects in heavy ion reactionsreactions
Experimental Investigation of a van Experimental Investigation of a van der Waals nuclear fluid-H.I. Collisionsder Waals nuclear fluid-H.I. Collisions
Aims:Aims: study thermodynamics of nuclear systems study thermodynamics of nuclear systems (finite, charged, 2 components)(finite, charged, 2 components) observables to identify phase transitionobservables to identify phase transition
Study:Study: systems at different excitation energies systems at different excitation energies peripheral reactions – excitation functionperipheral reactions – excitation function central reactions – well defined excitation central reactions – well defined excitation energyenergy
Starting from measured reaction products get information Starting from measured reaction products get information on:on:
Coincident experimental information are needed on:•critical partitioning of the system, fluctuations•calorimetric excitation energy•isotopic temperature•proximity of the decay products
4π mass and charge detection !!
Multics NPA 2004
E*/A (A.MeV)
A better quantitative nuclear metrology of hot nuclei
What is left for future What is left for future measurements?measurements?an extra dimension an extra dimension of the EoSof the EoS 2-nd generation devices and
exotic beams are needed, to fully investigate the phase transition
by changing:•the Coulomb properties •the isospin content (N/Z) of the fragmenting source
N=Z
J.Besprosvany and S.Levit - PLB 217 (1989) 1
T reaches a saturation at multifragmentation The saturation value decreases for increasing size
Proton rich nuclei (A≈100): vanishing limiting temperature
Starting from the liquid side EStarting from the liquid side EPP/A/APP < 25 A MeV < 25 A MeV AAP+TP+T~100 ~100
(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro-INFN-Italy)(Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro-INFN-Italy)
•Low energy thresholds (ionization chambers as ΔE)•High granularity: 400 ΔE-E telescopes 4o-150o
•A identification (1<=Z<=8) up to 90o
•Digital electronics for CsI pulse-shape discrimination (A identification Z<=4)
Side Isotope Arraynucl-ex collaboration: garfield apparatusnucl-ex collaboration: garfield apparatus
Experiments with n-rich/poor systemsExperiments with n-rich/poor systems 3232S+S+5858Ni and Ni and 3232S+S+6464Ni 14.5 AMeVNi 14.5 AMeV
Experiments with n-rich/poor systemsExperiments with n-rich/poor systems 3232S+S+5858Ni and Ni and 3232S+S+6464Ni 14.5 AMeVNi 14.5 AMeV
3-IMF events3-IMF events
Tiso ≈ 3.5 MeV
Before concluding about the temperature:thermodynamical characterization of the source is neededisotope emission time scales have to be checked through correlation functions (intensity interferometry)