Thermal power plant

Source:Power plant engineering

by G.R. Nagpalwww.bpdb.gov.bd

Presented By:Rajib Belbangshi

Presentationon

Thermal Power Plant

IntroductionOrigin & HistoryGeneral layoutMajor equipment's

Coal Handling Plant Boiler Ash Handling Plant Steam turbine Alternator Condenser Economizer

Power plant cycleAdvantagesDisadvantagesConclusion

Contents:

Introduction:

A thermal power plant converts the heat energy of steam to mechanical energy to drive generator. The input’s of thermal power plant are Coal, Air, Water.As of Oct 2011, 31.06% of total power covered by the thermal power plant in our country

Origin & History:Since the 18th century, reciprocating steam engine has been used to produce mechanical power with notable improvement’s being made by James Watt. The first power stations were established in 1882 at Pearl Street Station in New York and Holborn Viaduct power station in London, reciprocating steam engines were used. The development of the steam turbine in 1884 provided larger and more efficient machine. After 1892 the turbine was considered a better alternative to reciprocating engines. After about 1905 turbines entirely replaced the reciprocating engines.

General Layout:

Coal Handling Plant:

The function of coal handling plant is automatic feeding of coal to the boiler furnace.

Major Equipment’s:

Boiler:

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water under pressure, is converted into steam.

Major Equipment’s:

Ash Handling Plant:

The stations use some conveyor arrangement to carry ash to dump sites.

Major Equipment’s:

Steam Turbine:

A steam turbine converts heat energy of steam into mechanical energy and drives the generator.

Major Equipment’s:

Alternator:

Alternator convert mechanical energy of turbine into electrical energy.

Major Equipment’s:

Condenser:

Condensers is a heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state.

Major Equipment’s:

Economizer:• Flue gases coming out of

the boiler carry lot of heat. An economizer extracts a part of this heat from flue gases and uses it for heating feed water. This use of economizer results in saving coal consumption and higher boiler efficiency

Major Equipment’s:

CONDENSOR

Heat RejectionSteam to Water

BOILER

Heat AdditionWater to Steam T

UR

BIN

E

ExpansionRaising the Volume

BFP

& H

PH

CompressionRaising the Pressure & Temp.

Water Steam

Water Steam

Stea

m F

lowPower Plant Cycle:

Advantages:The fuel used is quite cheap.Less initial cost as compared to other generating

plants.It require less space as compared to Hydro power

plants.Cost of generation is less than that of diesel

power plants.

Disadvantages:It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of

large amount of smoke and fumes.It is costlier in running cost as compared to

Hydro electric plants.Maintenance cost is more

Conclusion: The second largest part of total power is covered by thermal power plant in our country. Coal can provide usable energy at a cost of between 12 to 15 % compared to oil and natural gas, and coal prices are relatively stable. So we can solve the power crisis by establishing more thermal power plant.