THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES

TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT

TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES

CHAABANE RAMZI, SAIDI ABDELKADER, ROUISSI MUSTAPHA,

INAGAKI MASANORI, BARI ABDALLAH

• Fresh water is a scarce resource.

• World Meteorological Organization, 2.5% is fresh water

• Changes in climatic variables, can increase the salinity problems

• Improving salt tolerance of plants has been proposed as part of the solution to some of these problems.

INTRODUCTION

Salt tolerant cultivars = overcoming a

variety of difficulties:

Valuable genetic resources

screening method

Large number of genetic

resources

Breeding technologies

Plant material (2012-2013)

• 4 Australian (CSIRO) lines: NAX1 027- NAX1 207 - NAX2 04 - NAX2 42

• A line (CBD27)

• 18 Tunisian cultivars: Azizi, Baidha, Ben Bechir, Beskri, Bidi, Chile, Inrat 69 Karim, Khiar, Maali, Maghrbi, Mahmoudi, Nasr, Om Rabi, Razzek, Richi, Salim, SwabaEljia.

• Semi-controlled conditions: Carriage + Shelter

• Three replicate of two treatments:

- Saline: 150 mM NaCl;

- Fresh water : control.

• Growth, Development, Reproductive, Physiological and Final Harvest Parameters

• STI : Observation at salinity divided the average controls

RESULTS

• Parameters significantly (p < 0.05) affected

– Spike-bearing tillers per plant

– Plant height at 60, 90, 120 and 150 DAS

– Heading date

– Shoot dry weight

– Root weight

– Chlorophyll content (SPAD Unit) 90 and 150 DAS

• Parameters less affected – Flowering date

Growth, Development, Reproductive and

Physiological Parameters

• Parameters significantly (p < 0.05) affected

– Number of spike per plant

– Number of spikelets per spike

– Number of grains per spike

– 1000 kernel weight

– Grain yield per plant

• Parameters less affected – Spike length

Harvest Parameters

Tillage

Fig.1: Mean tiller number per plant in

salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)

Genotypes STI

KHIAR 0,46 A

KERIM 0,51 Ab

BIDI 0,53 Ab

NASR 0,54 Ab

INRAT69 0,58 Ab

RAZZEK 0,59 Ab

BENBECHIR 0,65 Ab

NAX1-027 0,67 Ab

OMRABIAA 0,67 Ab

MAGHRBI 0,69 Ab

CBD27 0,71 Ab

NAX1-207 0,71 Ab

SELIM 0,72 Ab

MAALI 0,74 Ab

CHILI 0,75 Ab

MAHMOUDI 0,78 Ab

NAX2-04 0,8 Ab

NAX2-42 0,8 Ab

BESKRI 0,84 Abc

BAIDHA 0,87 Abc

AZIZI 1 Bc

RICHI 1 Bc

SWEBAELJIA 1,22 C

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

MAHM

OUDI

OM

RABIA

A

KERIM

SELI

M

MAGHRBI

KHIA

R

NAS

R

BENBEC

HIR

RAZZEK

CBD

27

INRAT69

BIDI

MAALI

CHIL

I

SWEBA

ELJIA

RIC

HI

BAID

HA

BESKR

I

AZIZI

NAX

1-207

NAX

1-027

NAX

2-42

NAX

2-04

talle

s/p

lante

T0

T1

Til

ler

/ p

lan

t

Shoot dry weight

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

MAH

MOUDI

OM

RABIA

A

KER

IM

SELI

M

MAG

HRBI

KHIA

R

NASR

BEN

BEC

HIR

RAZZ

EK

CBD27

INRAT6

9BID

I

MAA

LI

CHIL

I

SW

EBA

ELJIA

RIC

HI

BAID

HA

BES

KRI

AZI

ZI

NAX1-

207

NAX1-

027

NAX2-

42

NAX2-

04

(g) T0

T1

Genotypes STI

OMRABIAA 0,35 A

INRAT69 0,42 A

MAALI 0,42 A

KHIAR 0,45 ab

NAX1-207 0,45 ab

NAX2-04 0,46 ab

RAZZEK 0,47 ab

NAX1-027 0,48 ab

SELIM 0,49 ab

CHILI 0,52 ab

BAIDHA 0,52 ab

BESKRI 0,53 ab

RICHI 0,54 ab

BIDI 0,54 ab

CBD27 0,56 ab

MAGHRBI 0,58 ab

SWEBAELJ 0,59 ab

AZIZI 0,61 ab

BENBECHIR 0,65 ab

NASR 0,66 ab

KERIM 0,68 ab

MAHMOUDI 0,70 ab

NAX2-42 0,89 B

Fig.2: Mean shoot dry weight (g/plant) in

salinity treatment (T1) and control (T0)

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

MAHM

OUDI

OM

RABIA

A

KER

IM

SELIM

MAGHRBI

KHIA

R

NASR

BEN

BECHIR

RAZZE

K

CBD27

INRAT69

BID

I

MAALI

CHIL

I

SW

EBA

ELJ

IA

RIC

HI

BAID

HA

BES

KRI

AZIZ

I

NAX1-

207

NAX1-

027

NAX2-

42

NAX2-

04

(g) T0

T1

Génotypes ITS

OMRABIAA 0,22 A

INRAT69 0,25 A

RAZZEK 0,30 A

MAALI 0,31 A

NAX1-207 0,32 A

NAX2-04 0,33 A

SELIM 0,38 A

NAX2-42 0,39 A

BIDI 0,40 A

KERIM 0,45 AB

BAIDHA 0,45 AB

KHIAR 0,45 AB

NAX1-027 0,47 AB

MAGHRBI 0,47 AB

BENBECHIR 0,49 AB

SWEBAELJIA 0,49 AB

CHILI 0,49 AB

BESKRI 0,50 AB

CBD27 0,56 AB

RICHI 0,57 AB

AZIZI 0,57 AB

NASR 0,58 AB

MAHMOUDI 0,75 B

Grain yield

Fig.3: Mean grain yield (g/plant) in salinity

treatment (T1) and control (T0)

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

MA

HM

OU

DI

OM

RA

BIA

A

KE

RIM

SE

LIM

MA

GH

RB

I

KH

IAR

NA

SR

BE

NB

EC

HIR

RA

ZZ

EK

CB

D27

INR

AT

69

BID

I

MA

ALI

CH

ILI

SW

EB

AE

LJIA

RIC

HI

BA

IDH

A

BE

SK

RI

AZ

IZI

NA

X1-2

07

NA

X1-0

27

NA

X2-4

2

NA

X2-0

4

T0 T1

Root dry weight (g) Génotypes ITS

KHIAR 0,06 A

CHILI 0,08 A

BIDI 0,08 A

CBD27 0,09 A

AZIZI 0,11 A

OMRABIAA 0,12 A

BAIDHA 0,13 A

BENBECHI 0,13 A

INRAT69 0,15 A

MAHMOUDI 0,16 A

RAZZEK 0,19 A

SELIM 0,20 A

BESKRI 0,25 A

MAGHRBI 0,27 A

KERIM 0,33 A

MAALI 0,35 A

SWEBAELJ 0,37 A

NAX2-42 0,40 A

RICHI 0,44 A

NASR 0,47 A

NAX2-04 1,07 A

NAX1-207 1,26 A

NAX1-027 4,90 B

A B SALINITY CONTROL Fig.4: Root dry weight (g/plant)

Nax Lines

Salt screening parameters

Parameter

(1)

STI

(2)

Correlations

(3)

Tiller number *** *** 0.33*

Shoot dry weight *** ** 0.57*

Plant Height 90 DAS *** * 0.31*

SPAD 90 DAS *** * 0.26*

Grains per spike *** ** 0.42*

1000 kernel weight *** * 0.61*

final yield *** *** -

Table1: Significantly affected parameters (1), STI distinguishing

Significantly between vraities (2) and significant correlations between

STI of the parameter and STI of final yield

*** Very highly significant, ** Highly Significant, * Significant




screening method


resources


INRAT-ICARDA

(2013-2014)

CONFIRM THE SCREENING METHOD

TESTING THE FIGS STRATEGY FOR MINIMISING THE NUMBER OF GENTIC RESOURCES TO BE

SCREENED

Fig. 5: FIGS strategy

Putative tolerant to salt stress

Putative sensible to salt stress

Non specified

Fig.6: Geographical distribution of the FIGS sets based on a prior

information (Climate data)

Plant Material 35 durum wheat landraces putative salt tolerant, 5 putative sensible and

10 unspecified according the pricipe of FIGS

order_ori icarda_ig site_code origin subset dhe Set_type

1 89017 ETH64:131 ETH 0 135 random_set

2 96203 MAR87-1:31 MAR 0 119 random_set

3 43330 OMN87:142 OMN 0 132 random_set

4 95853 SYR87-1:55 SYR 0 149 random_set

5 94651 TUN77::9 TUN 0 132 random_set

6 93977 DZA75::43 DZA 1 135 salinity_set




10 87457 EGY::12 EGY 1 140 salinity_set

11 83479 EGY-S55 EGY 1 140 salinity_set




15 85847 ESP-S1603 ESP 1 140 salinity_set




19 85714 GRC56::11 GRC 1 134 salinity_set

20 85715 GRC56::12 GRC 1 136 salinity_set

21 84830 IND47/48::45 IND 1 148 salinity_set

22 84882 IND47/48::6 IND 1 140 salinity_set

23 86075 IND-S413 IND 1 134 salinity_set

24 85632 IRN-S235 IRN 1 145 salinity_set

Table 4 :Plant material

25 85457 IRN-S406 IRN 1 149 salinity_set

26 83091 IRQ-S176 IRQ 1 155 salinity_set

27 96252 JOR83-2::46 JOR 1 117 salinity_set

28 96367 MAR85:112 MAR 1 NA salinity_set

29 95843 SYR87-1:49 SYR 1 132 salinity_set



32 84454 TUR48::255 TUR 1 141 salinity_set

33 84776 TUR48::588 TUR 1 145 salinity_set

34 82878 TUR48D:1 TUR 1 139 salinity_set

35 82738 TUR48D:242 TUR 1 141 salinity_set

36 82181 UZB::10 UZB 1 148 salinity_set

37 82233 UZB-S149 UZB 1 148 salinity_set

38 82553 ESP27::46 ESP 1 193 salinity_set

39 82635 IRN40::12 IRN 1 189 salinity_set


41 var01 Mahmoudi Unknown

42 var02 Nasr Unknown

43 var03 Selim Unknown

44 var04 Kerim Unknown

45 var05 NAX1_027 Unknown




49 var09 Khiar Unknown

50 var10 Maali Unknown

Nax

lines

Fig.7: Salinity experimental cite

(2013-2014)


(2013-2014)

Fig. 8 Pots (12.5 cm diameter/1m hight )

Better evaluation of root development

T0

T1

Fig.9: A putative tolerant landrace (N°44) in salt treatment (T1)

and control (T0)

Jun 2014




screening method


resources


Parvatz Ahmed, MNV Prasad. Abiotic stress responses in plants metabolism

productivity and sustainability.

Nax1 (gwm312) marker in Tunisian durum

wheat varieties

(2% Agarose gel)

1 OM RABIAA 236

2 KARIM 236

3 SALIM 236

4 MAGHRBI 236

5 KHIAR 199

6 NASR 199/236

7 BEN BECHIR 236

8 RAZZEK 236

9 INRAT 69 236

10 MAALI 236

11 CHILI 199

12 SWABAA ELJIA 199

13 RICHI 199

14 BAIDHA 236

15 BESKRI 199

16 AZIZI 199

17 NAX1 50207 199

18 NAX1 502027 199

19 NAX2 5042 236

20 NAX2 5004 236

21 MAHMOUDI 199

22 JNEH KHOTTIFA 236

23 KASSERINE 199

24 BIDI 199

25 KASSERINE 199

F1 Cross F1 Seeds F1 Seeds

BC1F1 2013-2014

Conclusions

• The semi controlled genetic ressources screening conditions is an easy efficient and useful method for simulating field conditions.

• The screening traits identified in the present study should be confirmed on a larger number of genetic ressources, in different years, conditions and regions.

• The FIGS approach is a useful and efficient tool for reducing the large number of genetic ressources to be evaluated. Reduce cost and efforts.

• Combining mutidisciplinary approaches and methods is a useful way for genetic ressources testing, screening and improving agronomically useful traits to resolve and overcome climatic changes problems.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

ICARDA: Dr. Abdallah Bari,

Dr. Masanory Inagaki

Ministery of Agriculture of Tunisia

Ministry of higher education and

Scientific research of Tunisia

• Les pots à drainage libre sont déposés sur un

chariot permettant d’abriter les pots en conditions

de pluies.


(2013-2014)


(2013-2014)

THEME – 3 TESTING, SCREENING AND IMPROVING SALT TOLERANCE OF DURUM WHEAT GENETIC RESOURCES

Science

ab nax1

ab nax2

ab nasr

ab khiar

ab beskri

ab azizi

ab cbd27

ab baidha